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Fall 2020, Kumhera Table of Contents Year Author and Title Page ca.1780 BCE Hammurabi’s Code of Laws………………………………………………. 3 ca.2300 BCE The Epic of Gilgamesh, selections………………………………………..... 8 ca.1950 BCE The Book of the Dead, “Judgment of the Dead”…………………………… 19 ca.950 BCE Selections from the Book of Genesis………………………………………..26 950-450 BCE Selections from Exodus, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy……..……………….35 600-550 BCE Selections from the First Book of Kings…………………………………… 42 750-700 BCE Homer, excerpts from the Odyssey, Book 11……………………………….48 ca.700 BCE Hesiod, selections from Works and Days……………………………….…..50 ca.650 BCE Tyrtaeus, Selection of Lyric Poems…………………………………………55 ca.380 BCE Xenophon, Constitution of the Lacedaemonians, Book 1…………………. 58 ca.100 CE Plutarch, selections from the Life of Lycurgus…………………………….. 60 ca.411 BCE Thucydides, “Pericles’ Funeral Oration” from The History of the Peloponnesian War………………………………………………… 63 ca.440 BCE Sophocles, Antigone……………………………………………………….. 68 ca.360 BCE Plato, selection from the Phaedo ………………………………………….. 93 ca.385 BCE Plato, selection from the Symposium………………………………………. 98 ca.340 BCE Aristotle, selection from The Politics…………………………………….... 102 ca.130 CE Arrian, selections from History of Alexander the Great……………………108 ca.146 BCE Polybius, “Analysis of Roman Government” from History……………….. 113 14 CE Augustus, The Deeds of the Divine Augustus……………………………… 118 ca.75 CE Pliny the Elder, selection from Natural History………………………….... 123 ca.100 CE Juvenal, Satire 6…………………………………………….……………... 125 2 CE Ovid, selections from The Art of Love…………………………………….. 128 18BCE-9 CE Augustus’ Marriage Legislation…………………………………………….136 ca.70 CE Selections from the Gospel according to Matthew ……………………….. 139 ca.90 CE Selections from the Gospel according to John…………………………….. 148 ca.56 CE Selections from the Letters of Paul………………………………………… 152 325 CE Nicene Creed………………………………………………………………. 158 ca.339 CE Eusebius, Life of Constantine……………………………………………….159 ca.100 CE Tacitus, selections from Germania………………………………………….165 ca.500 CE The Salic Law…..…………………………………………………………...168 529 CE Selections from The Rule of St. Benedict………………………………….. 175 ca.650 CE Selections from The Qu’ran……………………………………………….. 187 ca.800 CE The Pact of Umar………………………………………………………….. 195 ca.1000 CE Yakut, Selection from Geographical Encyclopedia………………………. 197 ca.1022 CE Ibn Hazm, Selection from Ring of the Dove………………………………. 199 ca.800 CE Frankish Royal Blessing…………………………………………………… 201 (continued on page 2) 1 Table of Contents, continued Year Author and Title Page ca.826 CE Einhard, Life of Charlemagne……………………………………………… 202 ca.1108 CE Baldric of Dol, “Speech of Urban II at Clermont”………………………… 211 ca.1178 CE Chretien de Troyes, Excerpts from The Knight of the Cart……………….. 215 ca.1188 CE Andreas Capellanus, The Art of Courtly Love………………………………227 1309 CE Selection of Statutes from Siena…………………………………………… 229 1320-45 CE Selection of Criminal Justice Documents from Siena……………………... 233 ca.1314 CE Dante Alighieri, selections from The Inferno……………………………… 240 ca.1460 CE Leonbattista Alberti, Autobiography………………………………………. 252 ca.1425 CE Leonardo Bruni, selection from On Studies and Letters…………………... 254 1528 CE Baldassare Castiglione, The Book of the Courtier (selections)….………… 257 1516 CE Erasmus, The Education of a Christian Prince (Chp1, selections)………... 265 1516 CE Niccolo Machiavelli, selections from The Prince…………………………. 269 1505 CE Amerigo Vespucci, Account of His First Voyage ………………………… 274 1520 CE Martin Luther, selection from On the Freedom of a Christian……………..282 1527 CE Michael Sattler, The Schleitheim Articles ………………………………… 286 1588 CE Michel de Montaigne, Of Cannibals ……………………………………… 290 1620 CE Francis Bacon, Preface to The Great Instauration …………………………298 A few notes on the form of these readings: Each reading begins with an introduction in italics. This is my introduction (unless marked as someone else’s in the opening footnote) to help you place the reading in context and understand some of the background. The actual text of the reading begins after the italicized paragraph or paragraphs. All readings below are available online. I frequently, however, modernized the nineteenth- century language (including spelling and the use of commas), so the text here will appear slightly different than the online version. My guiding principle in making the changes was to make the text more accessible to a modern reader. On occasion, I also compared recent translations for sentences in which the original had been unclear or the original version has since been shown to be incorrect or misleading. In most cases I edited the original author’s footnotes, leaving in only those relevant to you in this class and I often added notes to help explain background important to understanding the text. If you find other areas that need notes, let me know so that I may add them for future students of the text. Please read the introductions and the footnotes with each reading. They are there to help you place readings in context and understand necessary background. Those sections in italics are my own notes and not part of the original text. Glenn Kumhera ([email protected]) 2 Selections from Hammurabi’s Code of Laws (ca. 1780 BCE)1 The Code of Laws issued by Hammurabi, King of Babylon, in the 18th century BCE is the oldest surviving complete law code, but it was not the first ever written (parts of three others from before the time of Hammurabi survive). Its complexity hints at how developed the law had already become and much of what you read below probably evolved over several centuries in different cities of Mesopotamia. What do the laws indicate about what the ruler hopes to achieve with the law? What do they reveal about women and marriage in Mesopotamia? How do they seek to resolve disputes? What does the epilogue reveal about the gods and their role in the success of a state or ruler? Transmission of the text: The text of the Laws comes from an almost completely intact stele (carved pillar) It is likely that it was originally placed at the site of Sippar (in Iraq), a city sacred to Shamash around 1780 BCE. It was taken by conquerors 600 years later to Susa (in Iran) and displayed with other conquered sculpture. It was found in three pieces by a French mining engineer on an archaeological expedition in 1901. It is currently housed at the Louvre in Paris. 3. If anyone brings an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has charged, he shall, if it be a capital offense charged, be put to death. 6. If anyone steals the property of a temple or of the court, he shall be put to death, and also the one who receives the stolen thing from him shall be put to death. 21. If anyone breaks a hole into a house (break in to steal), he shall be put to death before that hole and be buried. 22. If anyone is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death. 25. If fire break out in a house, and someone who comes to put it out cast his eye upon the property of the owner of the house, and take the property of the master of the house, he shall be thrown into that self-same fire. 53. If anyone is too lazy to keep his dam in proper condition, and does not so keep it; if then the dam breaks and all the fields are flooded, then shall he in whose dam the break occurred is to be sold for money, and the money shall replace the grain which he has caused to be ruined. 108. If a tavern-keeper (feminine) does not accept grain according to gross weight in payment of drink, but takes money, and the price of the drink is less than that of the grain, she shall be convicted and thrown into the water. 109. If conspirators meet in the house of a tavern-keeper, and these conspirators are not captured and delivered to the court, the tavern-keeper shall be put to death. 1 Full text available at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/hamcode.asp 3 127. If anyone slanders a priestess or the wife of any one and cannot prove it, this man shall be taken before the judges and his brow shall be marked (by cutting the skin, or perhaps hair.) 128. If a man takes a woman to wife, but does not intercourse with her, this woman is no wife to him. 129. If a man's wife is surprised having intercourse with another man, both shall be tied and thrown into the water, but the husband may pardon his wife. 130. If a man violates the wife (or betrothed) of another man, who has never known a man, and still lives in her father's house, and sleep with her and be surprised, this man shall be put to death, but the wife is blameless. 131. If a man bring a charge against one's wife, but she is not surprised with another man, she must take an oath and then may return to her house. 137. If a man wishes to separate from a woman who has borne him children, or from his wife who has borne him children: then he shall give that wife her dowry, and a part of the usufruct of field, garden, and property, so that she can rear her children. When she has brought up her children, a portion of all that is given to the children, equal as that of one son, shall be given to her. She may then marry the man of her heart. 138. If a man wishes to separate from his wife who has borne him no children, he shall give her the amount of her dowry which she brought from her father's house, and let her go. 141. If a man's wife, who lives in his house, wishes to leave it, plunges into debt, tries to ruin her house, neglects her husband, and is judicially convicted: if her husband offers her release, she may go on her way, and he gives her nothing as a gift of release.
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