http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.01014BM Original Article Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae) on the great curve of the Xingu River, Pará state, Brazil Carneiro-Silva, MQ.a, Koch, AK.b, Viana, PL.c and Ilkiu-Borges, AL.c* aPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Botânica Tropical, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, CEP 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brazil bNúcleo de Pesquisa Orquidário do Estado, Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, Av. Miguel Stéfano, 3687, Água Funda, CEP 04301-902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil cMuseu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, CEP 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brazil *e-mail:
[email protected] Received: May 30, 2014 – Accepted: February 10, 2015 – Distributed: August 31, 2015 (With 3 figures) Abstract Among the studies on Orchidaceae in the Amazon, none comprised the region of the Great Curve of the Xingu River, located in the lower Xingu river. The aim of this study was to inventory and taxonomically study the species of Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae) in the Great Curve of the Xingu River, Pará state. The floristic survey was performed in the area of the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant, in the Vitória do Xingu municipality, centrally inserted in the called Great Curve of the Xingu River. Botanical collections were accomplished between June 2011 and December 2013. A total of 27 species of Oncidiinae, distributed in 15 genera, was inventoried in the study area. Notylia Lindl. and Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl. were the richest genera, with five and four species, respectively, followed by Erycina Lindl., Ionopsis Kunth, Lockhartia Hook., Macradenia R.Br., and Ornithocephalus Hook., with two species each.