743 Pages / Sir Nevill Mott: 65 Years in Physics / 1995 / 9789810222529 / Sir Nevill Francis Mott / World Scientific, 1995

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

743 Pages / Sir Nevill Mott: 65 Years in Physics / 1995 / 9789810222529 / Sir Nevill Francis Mott / World Scientific, 1995 743 pages / Sir Nevill Mott: 65 Years in Physics / 1995 / 9789810222529 / Sir Nevill Francis Mott / World Scientific, 1995 Sir Nevill Mott: 65 Years in Physics The Theory of the Properties of Metals and Alloys The Physics of Metals: Volume 1, Electrons Elements of Wave Mechanics The Beginnings of solid state physics Sir Nevill Francis Mott CH FRS[1] (30 September 1905 â“ 8 August 1996) was a British physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1977 for his work on the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems, especially amorphous semiconductors. The award was shared with Philip W. Anderson and J. H. Van Vleck. In 1995, Mott visited the Loughborough University Department of Physics and presented a lecture entitled "65 Years in Physics". The University continues to host the annual Sir Nevill Mott Lecture.[12]. Personal life. Mott was married to Ruth Eleanor Horder, and had two daughters, Elizabeth and Alice. Sir Nevill Francis Mott, British physicist whose spadework for new branch of solid-state physics earned him Nobel Prize, dies at age 90; photo (M). Cambridge University named him Cavendish professor of experimental physics in 1954. He retired in 1971, but remained active there pursuing applications of his research to the production of cheap solar energy. Outside the laboratory, he was fond of photography and numismatics. Dr. Mott is survived by his wife of 65 years, Ruth Horder Mott; two daughters, Elizabeth Mott of Hartfordshire, and Alice Crampin of Milton Keynes; a sister, Joan Fitch of Cambridge, and three grandchildren. We are continually improving the quality of our text archives. Please send feedback, error reports, and suggestions to [email protected]. Nevill F. Mott, A. S. Alexandrov, Alice Frances Crampin. This volume contains a discriminating selection of papers with commentaries by one of the most creative theoretical physicists of our century, Nobel Laureate Sir Nevill Mott. His pioneering contributions (1928 - 1993) include Fermi liquid theory, metal-insulator transition, the theory of noncrystalline materials, high-temperature superconductivity and many other discoveries. Sir Nevill Mott. 65 years in physics. Description matérielle : VII-743 p. Description : Note : Bibliogr. à la fin de chaque article Édition : Singapore ; New Jersey ; London [etc.] : World scientific , cop. Sir Nevill Francis Mott (30 septembre 1905, Leeds, Angleterre - 8 août 1996, Milton Keynes, Angleterre) est un physicien britannique. Il est colauréat avec Philip Warren Anderson et John Hasbrouck van Vleck du prix Nobel de physique de 1977. Pages équivalentes. Get this from a library! Sir Nevill Mott : 65 years in physics. [N F Mott, Sir; A S Alexandrov A selection of papers with commentaries by Nobel Laureate Sir Nevill Mott, who published from 1928 to 1993, and whose contributions include his pioneering work on the Fermi liquid theory, metal-insulator transition, the theory of noncrystalline materials and high-temperature superconductivity. Read more.
Recommended publications
  • 2019 in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU)
    THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER FACTS AND FIGURES 2020 2 The University 4 World ranking 6 Academic pedigree 8 World-class research CONTENTS 10 Students 12 Making a difference 14 Global challenges, Manchester solutions 16 Stellify 18 Graduate careers 20 Staff 22 Faculties and Schools 24 Alumni 26 Innovation 28 Widening participation UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER 30 Cultural institutions UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER 32 Income 34 Campus investment 36 At a glance 1 THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER Our vision is to be recognised globally for the excellence of our people, research, learning and innovation, and for the benefits we bring to society and the environment. Our core goals and strategic themes Research and discovery Teaching and learning Social responsibility Our people, our values Innovation Civic engagement Global influence 2 3 WORLD RANKING The quality of our teaching and the impact of our research are the cornerstones of our success. We have risen from 78th in 2004* to 33rd – our highest ever place – in 2019 in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU). League table World ranking European ranking UK ranking 33 8 6 ARWU 33 8 6 WORLD EUROPE UK QS 27 8 6 Times Higher Education 55 16 8 *2004 ranking refers to the Victoria University of Manchester prior to the merger with UMIST. 4 5 ACADEMIC PEDIGREE 1906 1908 1915 1922 1922 We attract the highest-calibre researchers and teachers, with 25 Nobel Prize winners among J Thomson Ernest Rutherford William Archibald V Hill Niels Bohr Physics Chemistry Larence Bragg Physiology or Medicine Physics our current and former staff and students.
    [Show full text]
  • Facts and Figures 2013
    Facts and Figures 201 3 Contents The University 2 World ranking 4 Academic pedigree 6 Areas of impact 8 Research power 10 Spin-outs 12 Income 14 Students 16 Graduate careers 18 Alumni 20 Faculties and Schools 22 Staff 24 Estates investment 26 Visitor attractions 28 Widening participation 30 At a glance 32 1 The University of Manchester Our Strategic Vision 2020 states our mission: “By 2020, The University of Manchester will be one of the top 25 research universities in the world, where all students enjoy a rewarding educational and wider experience; known worldwide as a place where the highest academic values and educational innovation are cherished; where research prospers and makes a real difference; and where the fruits of scholarship resonate throughout society.” Our core goals 1 World-class research 2 Outstanding learning and student experience 3 Social responsibility 2 3 World ranking The quality of our teaching and the impact of our research are the cornerstones of our success. 5 The Shanghai Jiao Tong University UK Academic Ranking of World ranking Universities assesses the best teaching and research universities, and in 2012 we were ranked 40th in the world. 7 World European UK European Year Ranking Ranking Ranking ranking 2012 40 7 5 2010 44 9 5 2005 53 12 6 2004* 78* 24* 9* 40 Source: 2012 Shanghai Jiao Tong University World Academic Ranking of World Universities ranking *2004 ranking refers to the Victoria University of Manchester prior to the merger with UMIST. 4 5 Academic pedigree Nobel laureates 1900 JJ Thomson , Physics (1906) We attract the highest calibre researchers and Ernest Rutherford , Chemistry (1908) teachers, boasting 25 Nobel Prize winners among 1910 William Lawrence Bragg , Physics (1915) current and former staff and students.
    [Show full text]
  • (Owen Willans) Richardson
    O. W. (Owen Willans) Richardson: An Inventory of His Papers at the Harry Ransom Center Descriptive Summary Creator: Richardson, O. W. (Owen Willans), 1879-1959 Title: O. W. (Owen Willans) Richardson Papers Dates: 1898-1958 (bulk 1920-1940) Extent: 112 document boxes, 2 oversize boxes (49.04 linear feet), 1 oversize folder (osf), 5 galley folders (gf) Abstract: The papers of Sir O. W. (Owen Willans) Richardson, the Nobel Prize-winning British physicist who pioneered the field of thermionics, contain research materials and drafts of his writings, correspondence, as well as letters and writings from numerous distinguished fellow scientists. Call Number: MS-3522 Language: Primarily English; some works and correspondence written in French, German, or Italian . Note: The Ransom Center gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the Center for History of Physics, American Institute of Physics, which provided funds to support the processing and cataloging of this collection. Access: Open for research Administrative Information Additional The Richardson Papers were microfilmed and are available on 76 Physical Format reels. Each item has a unique identifying number (W-xxxx, L-xxxx, Available: R-xxxx, or M-xxxx) that corresponds to the microfilm. This number was recorded on the file folders housing the papers and can also be found on catalog slips present with each item. Acquisition: Purchase, 1961 (R43, R44) and Gift, 2005 Processed by: Tessa Klink and Joan Sibley, 2014 Repository: The University of Texas at Austin, Harry Ransom Center Richardson, O. W. (Owen Willans), 1879-1959 MS-3522 2 Richardson, O. W. (Owen Willans), 1879-1959 MS-3522 Biographical Sketch The English physicist Owen Willans Richardson, who pioneered the field of thermionics, was also known for his work on photoelectricity, spectroscopy, ultraviolet and X-ray radiation, the electron theory, and quantum theory.
    [Show full text]
  • Communications-Mathematics and Applied Mathematics/Download/8110
    A Mathematician's Journey to the Edge of the Universe "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." ― Socrates Manjunath.R #16/1, 8th Main Road, Shivanagar, Rajajinagar, Bangalore560010, Karnataka, India *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] *Website: http://www.myw3schools.com/ A Mathematician's Journey to the Edge of the Universe What’s the Ultimate Question? Since the dawn of the history of science from Copernicus (who took the details of Ptolemy, and found a way to look at the same construction from a slightly different perspective and discover that the Earth is not the center of the universe) and Galileo to the present, we (a hoard of talking monkeys who's consciousness is from a collection of connected neurons − hammering away on typewriters and by pure chance eventually ranging the values for the (fundamental) numbers that would allow the development of any form of intelligent life) have gazed at the stars and attempted to chart the heavens and still discovering the fundamental laws of nature often get asked: What is Dark Matter? ... What is Dark Energy? ... What Came Before the Big Bang? ... What's Inside a Black Hole? ... Will the universe continue expanding? Will it just stop or even begin to contract? Are We Alone? Beginning at Stonehenge and ending with the current crisis in String Theory, the story of this eternal question to uncover the mysteries of the universe describes a narrative that includes some of the greatest discoveries of all time and leading personalities, including Aristotle, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton, and the rise to the modern era of Einstein, Eddington, and Hawking.
    [Show full text]
  • Report and Opinion 2016;8(6) 1
    Report and Opinion 2016;8(6) http://www.sciencepub.net/report Beyond Einstein and Newton: A Scientific Odyssey Through Creation, Higher Dimensions, And The Cosmos Manjunath R Independent Researcher #16/1, 8 Th Main Road, Shivanagar, Rajajinagar, Bangalore: 560010, Karnataka, India [email protected], [email protected] “There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and more precise measurement.” : Lord Kelvin Abstract: General public regards science as a beautiful truth. But it is absolutely-absolutely false. Science has fatal limitations. The whole the scientific community is ignorant about it. It is strange that scientists are not raising the issues. Science means truth, and scientists are proponents of the truth. But they are teaching incorrect ideas to children (upcoming scientists) in schools /colleges etc. One who will raise the issue will face unprecedented initial criticism. Anyone can read the book and find out the truth. It is open to everyone. [Manjunath R. Beyond Einstein and Newton: A Scientific Odyssey Through Creation, Higher Dimensions, And The Cosmos. Rep Opinion 2016;8(6):1-81]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 1. doi:10.7537/marsroj08061601. Keywords: Science; Cosmos; Equations; Dimensions; Creation; Big Bang. “But the creative principle resides in Subaltern notable – built on the work of the great mathematics. In a certain sense, therefore, I hold it astronomers Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus true that pure thought can
    [Show full text]
  • Ali Zain Alzahrani Ali Zain Alzahrani Physics
    ALI ZAIN ALZAHRANI PHYSICS DEPARTMENTDEPARTMENT----FACULTYFACULTY OF SCIENCE KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY JEDDAHJEDDAH----SAUDISAUDI ARABIA Nobel Prizes for Physicists 19011901----20082008 2008 Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa 2007 Albert Fert, Peter Grünberg 2006 John C. Mather, George F. Smoot 2005 Roy J. Glauber, John L. Hall, Theodor W. Hänsch 2004 David J. Gross, H. David Politzer, Frank Wilczek 2003 Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg, Anthony J. Leggett 2002 Raymond Davis, Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi 2001 Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman 2000 Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman 1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Stormer, Daniel C. Tsui 1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips 1996 David M. Lee. Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1995 Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull 1993 Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor, Jr. 1992 Georges Charpak 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes 1990 Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, Richard E. Taylor 1989 Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul 1988 Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger 1987 Georg J. Bednorz, Karl Alexander Muller 1986 Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binning, Heinrich Rohrer 1985 Klaus Von Klitzing 1984 Carlo Rubbia, Simon Van Der Meer 1983 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, William Alfred Fowler 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson 1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur L. Schawlow, Kai M.B. Siegbahn 1980 James W. Cronin, Val Logsdon Fitch 1979 Sheldon L. Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg 1978 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Arno A. Penzias, Robert W. Wilson 1977 Philip W.
    [Show full text]
  • Company Prospectus (Pdf)
    M i s s i o n to develop the highest quality knowledge- based products and services for the academic, scientific, professional, research and student communities worldwide. Company Profile Since its inception in 1981, the World Scientific Publishing Group has grown to establish itself as one of the world’s leading academic publishers. With 12 offices worldwide, it now publishes more than 450 books and 125 journals P u b l i s h e s m o r e t h a n a year in the diverse fields of science, technology, medicine, business and economics. The Group has expanded into other business areas such as 4 5 0 b o o k s a n d 1 2 5 prepress services, digitalization, graphic design, printing, translation, and j o u r n a l s a y e a r i n event management. the diverse fields of A milestone was reached in 1995 when World Scientific co-founded Imperial College Press — well known for its strengths in engineering, medicine and science, technology, information technology — with the prestigious Imperial College of London. World Scientific is also a major publisher of the works of Nobel laureates from medicine, and business various fields and was awarded exclusive rights by the Nobel Foundation to and economics. publish the entire series of Nobel lectures (2001 – 2005) in English. Connecting Great Minds Worldwide Operations New Jersey California London Shanghai Beijing Tianjin Singapore Sydney Hong Kong Taipei Chennai New Delhi P r e s t i g i o u s Another of World Scientific’s notable achievements is the universities, such as Enterprise 50 Award for 2000 C a l t e c h , C a m b r i d g e , and 2002 respectively, a stamp of excellence, conferred on the C o r n e l l , H a r v a r d , top 50 privately held companies O x f o r d , P r i n c e t o n , in Singapore by the Economic Development Board and Accenture S t a n f o r d a n d Ya l e , (formerly Andersen Consulting).
    [Show full text]
  • Scuola Internazionale Di Fisica “Enrico Fermi” International School of Physics “Enrico Fermi”
    SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI FISICA Scuola Internazionale di Fisica “Enrico Fermi” International School of Physics “Enrico Fermi” La Scuola Internazionale di Fisica “Enrico Fermi” (International School of Physics “Enrico Fermi”) con i suoi Corsi è una delle più prestigiose attività culturali della Società Italiana di Fisica (SIF), sin dal 1953. In quell’anno, il Presidente della Società, Giovanni Polvani dell’Università di Milano, concepì l’idea di una Scuola estiva a livello post universitario che avrebbe dovuto conquistare un’altissima rilevanza internazionale. Scelse come sede una magnifica villa sul Lago di Como, Villa Monastero, in Provincia, oggi, di Lecco. Nel tempo, la Scuola di Varenna si è evoluta. Il numero dei Corsi è passato da uno a tre e adesso a quattro all’anno. Il loro prestigio internazionale è rimasto indiscusso. I più celebri scienziati del mondo, come direttori, docenti o studenti hanno partecipato alla Scuola di Varenna. Gli argomenti, monografici, si sono estesi a tutti i campi della fisica, anche in relazione allo sviluppo di nuovi settori, specialmente in Italia e con particolare attenzione all’UE. La Scuola è, da sempre, un’attesa occasione d’incontro per illustri scienziati e giovani allievi provenienti da tutto il mondo. La tranquilla atmosfera, le acque limpide del lago, la vita della Scuola facilitano il dialogo tra i giovani e gli esperti con giovamento intellettuale di entrambi. In conclusione, si può affermare che la International School of Physics “Enrico Fermi” di Varenna è tra le più famose e importanti scuole di fisica post laurea del mondo. Dalla sua istituzione nel 1953, la Scuola ha attratto, come detto, i più illustri studiosi del mondo.
    [Show full text]
  • On the History of Condensed Matter Physics AIF - Pisa, February 2014
    From Germanium to Graphene!: On the history of Condensed Matter Physics! AIF - Pisa, February 2014! A survey of Solid State Physics from 20-th to 21-th century:! a science that transformed the world around us! G. Grosso! February 18, 2014! Some considerations on a framework from which to grasp aspects and programs of fundamental and technological research in Condensed Matter Physics (CMP): a necessarily very incomplete account of condensed matter physics at the beginning of the 21th century. ! In the history of fundamental science, the area of Solid State Physics! represents the widest section of Physics and provides an example of! how Physics changes and what Physics can be.! In the 20-th century, research in Solid State Physics had enormous impact! both in basic aspects as well in technological applications.! Advances in ! - experimental techniques of measurements, ! - control of materials structures, ! - new theoretical concepts and numerical methods ! have been and actually are at the heart of this evolution.! Solid State Physics is at the root of most technologies of today’s world and! is a most clear evidence of how evolution of technology can be traced to! fundamental physics discoveries.! Just an example: Physics in communication industry…….! Eras of physics Communications technology changes Era of electromagnetism First electromagnet (1825) Electric currents<--> Magnetic fields (Oersted Telegraph systems (Cooke,Wheatstone, 1820, Faraday and Henry 1825) Morse 1837) Electromagnetic eq.s (Maxwell 1864), First transcontinental telegraph line (1861) e.m. waves propagation (Hertz 1880) Telephone (Bell 1874-76) Era of the electron Vacuum-tube diode (Fleming 1904)…… Discovery of the electron (Thomson, 1897) Wireless telegraph (Marconi 1896) Thermionic emission (Richardson 1901) Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) Wave nature of the electron (Davisson 1927) Radio astronomy (Jansky 1933) Era of quantum mechanics Kelly at Bell Labs.
    [Show full text]
  • 24 August 2013 Seminar Held
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE SEMINAR 2012 (NPS 2012) 0 Organized by School of Chemistry Editor: Dr. Nabakrushna Behera Lecturer, School of Chemistry, S.U. (E-mail: [email protected]) 24 August 2013 Seminar Held Sambalpur University Jyoti Vihar-768 019 Odisha Organizing Secretary: Dr. N. K. Behera, School of Chemistry, S.U., Jyoti Vihar, 768 019, Odisha. Dr. S. C. Jamir Governor, Odisha Raj Bhawan Bhubaneswar-751 008 August 13, 2013 EMSSSEM I am glad to know that the School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, like previous years is organizing a Seminar on "Nobel Prize" on August 24, 2013. The Nobel Prize instituted on the lines of its mentor and founder Alfred Nobel's last will to establish a series of prizes for those who confer the “greatest benefit on mankind’ is widely regarded as the most coveted international award given in recognition to excellent work done in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. The Prize since its introduction in 1901 has a very impressive list of winners and each of them has their own story of success. It is heartening that a seminar is being organized annually focusing on the Nobel Prize winning work of the Nobel laureates of that particular year. The initiative is indeed laudable as it will help teachers as well as students a lot in knowing more about the works of illustrious recipients and drawing inspiration to excel and work for the betterment of mankind. I am sure the proceeding to be brought out on the occasion will be highly enlightening.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded the Top 100 the Seed to This End
    PROC. OF THE 11th PYTHON IN SCIENCE CONF. (SCIPY 2012) 11 A Tale of Four Libraries Alejandro Weinstein‡∗, Michael Wakin‡ F Abstract—This work describes the use some scientific Python tools to solve One of the contributions of our research is the idea of rep- information gathering problems using Reinforcement Learning. In particular, resenting the items in the datasets as vectors belonging to a we focus on the problem of designing an agent able to learn how to gather linear space. To this end, we build a Latent Semantic Analysis information in linked datasets. We use four different libraries—RL-Glue, Gensim, (LSA) [Dee90] model to project documents onto a vector space. NetworkX, and scikit-learn—during different stages of our research. We show This allows us, in addition to being able to compute similarities that, by using NumPy arrays as the default vector/matrix format, it is possible to between documents, to leverage a variety of RL techniques that integrate these libraries with minimal effort. require a vector representation. We use the Gensim library to build Index Terms—reinforcement learning, latent semantic analysis, machine learn- the LSA model. This library provides all the machinery to build, ing among other options, the LSA model. One place where Gensim shines is in its capability to handle big data sets, like the entirety of Wikipedia, that do not fit in memory. We also combine the vector Introduction representation of the items as a property of the NetworkX nodes. In addition to bringing efficient array computing and standard Finally, we also use the manifold learning capabilities of mathematical tools to Python, the NumPy/SciPy libraries provide sckit-learn, like the ISOMAP algorithm [Ten00], to perform some an ecosystem where multiple libraries can coexist and interact.
    [Show full text]
  • 50 Character Selection
    £50 character selection Between the launch and closure of the character selection process for the £50 note announced by the Governor on 2 November, we have received a total of 227,299 nominations from members of the public. This is the list of 989 eligible names that were suggested within the nomination period. This is only the preliminary stage of identifying eligible names for consideration: At this stage, a nomination has been deemed eligible simply if the character is real, deceased and has contributed to the field of science in the UK in any way. These names have not yet been considered by our Banknote Character Advisory Committee. We plan to announce the character for the new £50 banknote in Summer 2019. Aaron Klug Alister Hardy Augustus De Morgan Abraham Bennet Allen Coombs Austin Bradford Hill Abraham Darby Allen McClay Barbara Ansell Abraham Manie Adelstein Alliott Verdon Roe Barbara Clayton Ada Lovelace Alma Howard Barnes Neville Wallis Adam Sedgwick Andrew Crosse Baron Charles Percy Snow Aderlard of Bath Andrew Fielding Huxley Bawa Kartar Singh Adrian Hardy Haworth Angela Hartley Brodie Beatrice "Tilly" Shilling Agnes Arber Angela Helen Clayton Beatrice Tinsley Alan Archibald Campbell‐Swinton Anita Harding Benjamin Gompertz Alan Arnold Griffiths Ann Bishop Benjamin Huntsman Alan Baker Anna Atkins Benjamin Thompson Alan Blumlein Anna Bidder Bernard Katz Alan Carrington Anna Freud Bernard Spilsbury Alan Cottrell Anna MacGillivray Macleod Bertha Swirles Alan Lloyd Hodgkin Anne McLaren Bertram Hopkinson Alan MacMasters Anne Warner
    [Show full text]