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The Conquest of the Great Northwest Piled Criss-Cross Below Higher Than
The Conquest of the Great Northwest festooned by a mist-like moss that hung from tree to tree in loops, with the windfall of untold centuries piled criss-cross below higher than a house. The men grumbled.They had not bargained on this kind of voyaging. Once down on the west side of the Great Divide, there were the Forks.MacKenzie's instincts told him the northbranch looked the better way, but the old guide had said only the south branch would lead to the Great River beyond the mountains, and they turned up Parsnip River through a marsh of beaver meadows, which MacKenzie noted for future trade. It was now the 3rd of June.MacKenzie ascended a. mountain to look along the forward path. When he came down with McKay and the Indian Cancre, no canoe was to be found.MacKenzie sent broken branches drifting down stream as a signal and fired gunshot after gunshot, but no answer!Had the men deserted with boat and provisions?Genuinely alarmed, MacKenzie ordered McKay and Cancre back down the Parsnip, while he went on up stream. Whichever found the canoe was to fire a gun.For a day without food and in drenching rains, the three tore through the underbrush shouting, seeking, despairing till strength vas ethausted and moccasins worn to tattersBarefoot and soaked, MacKenzie was just lying down for the night when a crashing 64 "The Coming of the Pedlars" echo told him McKay had found the deserters. They had waited till he had disappeared up the mountain, then headed the canoe north and drifted down stream. -
WB Coltman Report Transcription
W. B. Coltman Report Transcription September 30, 2016 Image Number Image Text Notes Tags Image Link 1 [Cover] *23 2/F [[?]] http://data2.archives.ca/e/e447/e011163878-001-v8.jpg [inside cover] inside cover; 1939; october, 18; abilities, Oct 18 1939 furlio 2 Furlio Abilities http://data2.archives.ca/e/e447/e011163878-002-v8.jpg A General Statement and Report relative to the Disturbances in the Indian Territories of W. B. Coltman; Special http://data2.archives.ca/e/e447/e011163878-003-v8.jpg British North America by the undersigned Special Commissioner Commissioner For inquiring into the Offences committed in the said Indian Territories and the circumstances attending the same. 3 W. B. Coltman 4 Blank page Blank page http://data2.archives.ca/e/e447/e011163878-004-v8.jpg 1 Hudson's Bay Company; http://data2.archives.ca/e/e447/e011163878-005-v8.jpg North West Company; Statement according to the order of time of the principal occurrences relative to the recent official statements; Earl of disputes between the Hudson's Bay and North West Companies which appear to me the Selkirk; Hudson's Bay undersigned special Commissioner to have been substantiated by the Evidence taken before Company statements me, or to have been admitted by the parties in the respective Official Statements transmitted February 18; North West me by the legal Agents of the Earl of Selkirk of the 18th February, and by the Agents of the Company statements North West Company of the 14th March last, or in their generally acknowledged Publications March 14; Selkirk share of under the titles of "Statement respecting the Earl of Selkirk's Settlement" and "Narrative of Hudson's Bay Company; occurrences in the Indian Countries," and which appear to be material to the elucidation of the causes and circumstances of the late disturbances in the Indian Territories. -
Batoche: Métis History and Memory 1885-2015"
W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 5-2018 "Back to Batoche: Métis History and Memory 1885-2015" Brendan Thomas College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the Canadian History Commons, Intellectual History Commons, and the Other History Commons Recommended Citation Thomas, Brendan, ""Back to Batoche: Métis History and Memory 1885-2015"" (2018). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 1253. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/1253 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Contents Introduction 2 Chapter 1 14 Chapter 2 35 Chapter 3 64 Conclusion 83 Bibliography 91 2 Introduction- Memory, History, and Métis Identity This paper is primarily concerned with historical memory, and the ways in which indigenous peoples remember their past within a settler colonial context. For native peoples, the past is often a battleground, where native interpretations of events come up against colonial, European narratives that emphasize native erasure and Euro-American colonial triumph. Thus for native people, reclaiming the past and articulating a distinct form of their own history is vital to emphasizing their continued presence in the contemporary world . Through an examination of the Métis people of Western Canada, who, since the late 19th and early 20th century have sought to reclaim their history, I hope to show that for native peoples, the past is a battleground that is directly tied to contemporary native concerns. -
Finding Uel-Hbc Connections
Page 1 of 7 FINDING UEL-HBC CONNECTIONS By Judith Hudson Beattie It is an honour to speak to the national gathering of the United Empire Loyalists here in Winnipeg. I was connected to the Hudson’s Bay Company by working in their archives for 22 years, hence my invitation to speak here. I am also a Loyalist at heart. I had always assumed that the members of my Hudson family were Late Loyalists. They settled in 1799 in Newport, in one of the Loyalist Eastern Townships under the leadership of Edmund Hurd, and in 1820 moved to Philemon Wright’s Hull Township, across the river from Ottawa. So it was quite a shock to me when I discovered several soldiers fighting on the Revolutionary side bearing the Hudson name. Perhaps with research I will discover more details linking my family to all of yours. When I was asked to give this talk it was with some trepidation that I accepted. I made the title open-ended enough that if I found no connection, I would still have a good story to tell about my search that would highlight the fascinating and detailed records held in the Hudson’s Bay Company Archives. However, I am pleased to report that I have more than enough material to fill my allotted time. In fact, right on the UEL Manitoba website is an excellent article by Michael Payne giving background and analysis of the Loyalist connections to the fur trade, so you can read more there. I won’t be repeating his work. -
The Influence of the Hudson's Bay Company in the Exploration And
THE INFLUENCE OF THE HUDSON’S BAY COMPANY IN THE EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT OF THE RED RIVER VALLEY OF THE NORTH A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science By Earla Elizabeth Croll In Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Major Department: History, Philosophy, and Religious Studies May 2014 Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota State University Graduate School Title THE INFLUENCE OF THE HUDSON’S BAY COMPANY IN THE EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT OF THE RED RIVER VALLEY OF THE NORTH By Earla Elizabeth Croll The Supervisory Committee certifies that this disquisition complies with North Dakota State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: Dr. Mark Harvey Chair Dr. Gerritdina Justitz Dr. Larry Peterson Dr. Holly Bastow-Shoop Approved: 7/21/2014 Dr. John K. Cox Date Department Chair ABSTRACT THE INFLUENCE OF THE HUDSON’S BAY COMPANY IN THE EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT OF THE RED RIVER VALLEY OF THE NORTH As beaver became scarcer in the east, the quest for Castor Canadensis sent traders into the northern plains. Reluctant explorers, traders looked for easier access and cheaper means of transport. Initially content to wait on the shores of the Bay, HBC was forced to meet their competitors in the natives’ homelands. The Red River Valley was easily accessed from Hudson’s Bay, becoming the center of the fur trade in the northern plains. HBC helped colonize the first permanent settlement west of the Great Lakes in the Red River Valley. -
The Battle of Seven Oaks
The Battle of Seven Oaks June 19th, 1816 is an unforgettable date in the history of Western Canada and more particularly in the history of the Métis Nation. Indeed, if any event can be considered the birth of Métis nationalism, the evidence points to the Battle of Seven Oaks, also known as the Battle of Frog Plain or la Grenouillère. The action itself only lasted fifteen minutes, but it caused the death of one Métis and 21 inhabitants of the Red River Colony, in addition to having significant repercussions on the social, political, and economic evolution of the North West. The Battle of Seven Oaks was an armed confrontation between sixty horsemen, mostly Métis, led by Cuthbert Grant, an employee of the North West Company (NWC), and the governor of the colony, Robert Semple, and his contingent of Hudson’s Bay company (HBC) officers and colonists. The fight took place on a marshy plain a bit north of Fort Douglas, an HBC establishment near the Red River. The event took place after a series of skirmishes between the rival companies, which were fighting for the control the Fur Trade, as well as of the principal food source, pemmican. A series of escalating conflicts between the employees of each company had sown fear and discontent among the colonists who, for the most part, agreed to leave the Red River for Lower Canada. However, in the summer of 1815, Colin Robertson, an HBC agent, persuaded the group that had taken refuge on the north shore of Lake Winnipeg to turn back and rebuild the colony. -
Morton Manuscript Subject Index Agricultural Societies
Morton Manuscript Subject Index Agricultural Societies ………………………………………………….........see under specific names Agriculture ……………………………………………………………… ………………………C560/1/6 C511/2/1-2 C555/1/10 Ahenakew, Edward Frog Lake Massacre ………………….……………………………………………..C550/2/5.1 Ahenakew family ……………………………………………………………………………C550/1/28.2 Alameda Agricultural Society ………………………………………………………………...C550/1/19 Albanel, Father ………………………………………………………………………………….C500/3/3 C500/3/2 Alberta ……………………………………………………………………………………………C560/1/3 Almighty Voice ……………………………………………………………………………....C550/1/18.4 /27.1 /31.4 Anderson, James ……………………………………………………………………………….C510/1/7 Anderson, Pete ……………………………………………………………………....C550/1/24.1, p326 Andrews, E.S. …………………………………………………………………………………C555/2/4.5 Anglican Church ……………………………………………………………………………..C555/2/10e C560/1/5 Antrobus, W.D. (N.W.M.P.) ………………………….…………………………………………………..C550/1/5 Archaeology ………………………………………………………………………………C555/2/8.1-8.5 /12.4 Assiniboia ………………………………………………………………… see also Red River Colony Assiniboia, Council of ………………………………………………………………………..C525/1/1-2 /4-5 Astor, John Jacob ……………………………………………………………………………..C500/4/27 Astoria …………………………………………………………………………………..see Fort George Athabaska, Lake ………………………………………………………………………………C500/4/24 /31 Athabasca, Department and District ………………………………………………………….C500/2/9 /4/5 /4/14 /4/20-21 C511/1/1 Bain, Hugh U. ………………………………………………………………………….C550/1/24.1, p19 Baker, I.G. and Co. …………………………………………………………………………..C560/1/3.3 Barr, Isaac M. ………………………………………………………………………………….C550/1/29 Barr Colony …………………………………………………………………………………….C550/1/29 -
Mattawa Nipissing Métis Historical Research Project Final Synthesis Report
MATTAWA NIPISSING MÉTIS HISTORICAL RESEARCH PROJECT FINAL SYNTHESIS REPORT SUBMITTED TO: THE STEERING COMMITTEE SUBMITTED ON: MAY 5, 2015 SYNTHESIS REPORT THIS REPORT WAS PREPARED BY STONE CIRCLE CONSULTING AND KNOW HISTORY. DISCLAIMER: THIS REPORT PRESENTS THE FINDING OF INDEPENDENT RESEARCHERS. IN NO WAY DO THESE FINDINGS REPRESENT THE VIEWS OR OPINIONS OF THE RESEARCH PARTNERS GROUP OR STEERING COMMITTEE MEMBERS. 2 SYNTHESIS REPORT Contents 1 Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 8 2 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.2 Report Contents .................................................................................................................. 12 2.2 Terminology ................................................................................................................................ 13 2.2.1 Métis ................................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.2 The Fur Trade Matrix .......................................................................................................... 16 2.2.3 Sauvage .............................................................................................................................. -
An Exploration of the Selkirk Treaty by Nathan Hasselstrom Thesis
An Exploration of the Selkirk Treaty by Nathan Hasselstrom Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MA degree in History University of Ottawa © Nathan Hasselstrom, Ottawa, Canada, 2019 !ii Abstract In 1817, the fifth Earl of Selkirk and certain Saulteaux chiefs negotiated the Selkirk Treaty to secure the existence of a fragile Euro-Canadian settlement near the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers. Selkirk died soon after, and his agents and successors disputed the content of the treaty with the Indigenous negotiating parties. The historiography of the Selkirk Treaty has not reached a consensus on these disputes, in part due to the number of ostensibly contradictory sources it draws upon. This thesis argues that these disputes can be best answered, and these ostensibly contradictory sources best reconciled, by situating them and the Selkirk Treaty within the context of the Indigenous and Imperial land frameworks that operated in Red River in 1817. This thesis first identifies unresolved questions in the historiography of the Selkirk Treaty. Using primary sources cited in the historiography, it then outlines the ideas acting within the Indigenous and Imperial land frameworks operative over Red River. It argues these ideas and frameworks remained intact during the negotiation of the Selkirk Treaty. On the basis of these frameworks, this thesis further argues that neither Lord Selkirk nor the Saulteaux negotiators intended the Selkirk Treaty to consist of a permanent alienation of Indigenous land. However, after Selkirk’s death, his agents and successors came to trust the Indenture of the Selkirk Treaty, a written and signed record of the treaty, as the only trustworthy record of the agreement. -
British Canada From
Unit 2 British Canada from Colony to Country 18th Century Settlement After 1783 Loyalist Migration Notebook C: Why is the Loyalist migration significant? Use ALL the criteria of historical significance and consider all the different groups involved (different types of loyalists, people already living in Canada). This migration had impacts for a wide range of people and political movements. Criteria: unique, large scale impact, long-term consequences, demonstrating a pattern or trend Brought large numbers of British people to Canada for the first time, a trend that continues throughout the 1800s. Many former slaves came to settle in Canada after fighting for the British, but many were not granted land. This demonstrates Eurocentrism in Canada’s history. Large amounts of farm land claimed from First Nations. The Iroquois Six Nations resettled in British/Canadian territory. Led to the creation of the colonies of New Brunswick and Upper Canada (now Ontario) in 1791. British people and Americans brought ideals of responsible government, liberalism, and republicanism. They also brought Protestanism to Canada. After 1791 1792 York 1804 The Road to Confederation Confederation Pros and Cons To discuss: What might have happened to the different British colonies if Canada had NOT joined in Confederation? What would have happened if the British North America Act was never passed? Responsible Government Refers to a government that is responsible to the people rather than to a monarch. Functionally, this means the executive branch (like Cabinet) answers to an elected parliament rather than appointed leaders. The idea comes from the British parliamentary system; the English parliament gradually grew in power since the 13th century, limiting the role of the Monarch. -
Justice Canada
Report to Justice Canada Final Report For Historical Profile of the Lake of the Woods Area’s R FURTHER DISSEMINATION Mixed European-Indian or Mixed European-Inuit Ancestry Community The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Justice Canada. Les opinions exprimées dans le présent rapport sont celles de l’auteur et ne représentent pas nécessairement celles du ministère de la Justice Canada. Donna Cona 130 Slater Street, Suite 1340 Ottawa, ON K1P 6E2 www.DonnaCona.com DRAFT DISCUSSION – NOT FO Contact: Audrey Lawrence Phone: 613.234-5407 x 298 Fax: 613.234-7761 Email: [email protected] Date: February 4, 2005 Report to Justice Canada Final Report – Historical Profile of the Lakes of the Wood Area’s Mixed European-Indian and Mixed European-Inuit Ancestry Community TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 1 2. METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 3 3. NARRATIVE............................................................................................................................... 7 3.1. Pre-Contact to 1760......................................................................................................... 7 3.2. 1760 to 1803.................................................................................................................. 14 3.3. -
A Selkirk Settlement Sourcebook
A Selkirk Settlement Sourcebook Selected, Transcribed and Annotated By Chris Willmore 1 Table of Contents “I give this warning to my countrymen” (July, 1811) ........................................................................................... 4 A brief historical sketch (September, 1889) ......................................................................................................... 6 “Suffered much from sickness” (November, 1813) ............................................................................................. 8 “The entire dispersion of the Colony” (October, 1815) ....................................................................................... 8 “Disagreeable reports” (September, 1816) .......................................................................................................... 9 “Lord Selkirk and the North West Company” (December, 1816) ........................................................................ 9 “Massacred with savage ferocity” (December, 1816) ........................................................................................ 11 The affair as seen by “friends of Lord Selkirk” (August, 1817) ........................................................................... 12 “Some counter statements” (August, 1817) ...................................................................................................... 15 “All sides have more or less erred” (August, 1817)............................................................................................ 18 “Losing