Estudio Morfologico De Larvas Maduras De Forelius Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

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Estudio Morfologico De Larvas Maduras De Forelius Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Reo. Soco Entomol. Argent. 55 (1-4): 149-152, 1996 ESTUDIO MORFOLOGICO DE LARVAS MADURAS DE FORELIUS EMERY (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) CUEZZO, Fabiana del C.* ABSTRACT. Morphological study of mature larvae of Forelius Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Mature larvae of Forelius nigriventris Forel and F. albiventris Forel (Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) unknown until now are described. Differences referred to corporallength, distribution of body hairs, head form, and types of antennae were found. The diagnostic characters of larvae of Forelius are detailed. INTRODUCCION A pesar de los numerosos estudios mirmecológicos realizados en la última dé­ cada, la importancia que se le ha dado a las formas inmaduras como fuente de carac­ teres es escasa. Sin embargo, como lo han demostrado reiteradas veces Wheeler & Wheeler (1951, 1966, 1976, 1986), el estudio morfológico de larvas maduras permite confirmar la sistemática tradicional basada en obreras adultas y, en muchos casos, brinda caracteres diagnósticos útiles para la definición de génerosy especies. La subfamilia Dolichoderinae, a la cual pertenece el género Forelius Emery, ha recibido muy poca atención por parte de los investigadores, principalmente por eldesconocí• miento de caracteres morfológicos que sirvieran para distinguir claramente los géne­ ros, por el pequeño tamaño de sus representantes y por su distribución geográfica restringida, en la mayoría de los casos. Resulta interesante destacar que Forelius pre­ senta una distribución disyunta, con dos especies y dos variedades citadas para el sur de los Estados Unidos de América, México, Jamaica y Cuba. Las restantes especies, 15 en total, son exclusivamente sudamericanas, encontrándose en el centro y sur del Brasil, Bolivia, Paraguay y la Argentina. Hasta el presente se conocían solamente las larvas maduras de las dos especies del hemisferio norte: Forelius maccooki Buckley y F. pruinosus Roger y una de América del Sur: F. brasiliensis Forel, descriptas por Wheeler & Wheeler (1973). Los objetivos de este trabajo son describir las larvas maduras de F. nigriventris Forel y F. albiventris Forel, ambas muy comunes en los ambientes semidesérticos de Tucumán (Argentina), y analizar los caracteres de valor diagnóstico a nivel genérico y específico, teniendo en cuenta las formas inmaduras estudiadas hasta el momento. * Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 San Miguel de Tucurnán, Argentina. 150 Reo, Soco Eniomol. Argent. 55 (1-4), 1996 MATERIAL Y METOOOS El material utilizado en este estudio (63 larvas del último estadio de F. nigriventris y 45 de F. albiventris) se extrajo directamente de nidos de cada una de las especies encontrados en la localidad de Tapia (Tucumán, Argentina) entre octubre y diciem­ bre de 1992, y se encuentra depositado en la colección del Instituto - Fundación Mi­ guel Lillo (IFML). Los estados inmaduros coleccionados fueron conservados en aleo­ ha] SO% para su estudio en laboratorio y 30 ejemplares de cada especie se montaron posteriormente en preparaciones microscópicas temporarias y permanentes, siguien­ do las técnicas desarrolladas por Wheeler & Wheeler (1960). Las descripciones de las larvas maduras fueron realizadas siguiendo el modelo y la terminología empleada por Wheeler & Wheeler (1976). Solamente se describe detalladamente la larva madu­ ra de F. nigriventris y se indican las diferencias que presenta F. albiventris respecto a la primera. Las medidas, dos en total, fueron tomadas con un microscopio estereos­ cópico con un aumento de 40x y con ayuda de un ocular micrométrico: (1) longitud total de la larva (LT): tornada sobre una línea recta imaginaria trazada desde el borde anterior de la larva hasta su extremo posterior; (2) distancia cefálica (DC): tomada so­ bre una línea recta imaginaria trazada entre el margen anterior de la cabeza y el mar­ gen anterior del cuerpo. Las fotografías se tomaron con microscopio electrónico de ba­ rrido (SEM). Los esquemas se realizaron con ayuda de cámara clara montada en un microscopio binocular. RESULTADOS Forelius nigriventris Forel (Figs. 1-6) Larva madura. LT 1,55 mm; DC 0,22 mm. Forma dolicoderoide. Cuerpo corto, recto y robusto, redondeado en ambos extremos; borde anterior formado por el protórax; sin protuberancias dorsales o ventrales. Cabeza ventral (Fig. 1), sin cuello. Ano ventral, destacado en forma de una línea recta transversa. Gonópodos ausentes. Segmentación poco aparente; región torácica con débiles surcos ventrales. Nueve pares de espiráculos de diferente tamaño (Fig. 2), el tercero es el más desarrollado; los gastrales disminuyen su diámetro hacia el extremo posterior del cuerpo. Superficie corporal con setas simples, esparcidas, erectas y acuminadas (Fig. 3). Cabeza, en vis­ ta frontal, subelíptica, más ancha que larga (Fig. 6a). Antenas ubicadas por detrás de las fosetas tentoriales, en el extremo superior de la cabeza; cortas, circulares y sin sensilas visibles (Fig. 6b, c). Labro bilobado (Fig. 4); superficie posterior densamente espinulosa. Mandíbulas dolicoderoides, de color ámbar pálido, débilmente esclero­ tizadas, solamente con el diente apical presente (Fig. 5), corto y grueso, superficie dorsal lisa, sin setas ni espinas. Maxilas cónicas, pequeñas, palpos diminutos. Labio con palpos unisegmentados con 1 a 2 sensilas cada uno. Hipofaringe con espínulas dispuestas en triángulos con su base dirigida hacia la región media. Material examinado. ARGENTINA. Tucumán: Tapia, 17 larvas maduras, X­ 1992, col. F. Cuezzo; 32 larvas maduras, XI-1992; 14 larvas maduras, X-1992, col. F. Cuezzo. Forelius albiventris Forel (Figs. 7, S) Larva madura. LT 1,3 mm; DC O,OS mm. Coloración y morfología general simi­ lares a F. nigriventris (Fig. 7). Pilosidad rala, no visible con menos de 60 aumentos. Ca- CUEZZO, F. del C, Forelius 151 /' '\. CJ G'r >, ·· .. a ~Q'f.b ,f~ '\ ,;" a 8 ( .. Fig. l-S. 1-6, Forelit: ',igriventris Forel. 1, Perfil de la larva madura; 2, espiráculo propodeal; 3, pilosidad; 4, detalle de la región cefálica mostrando las piezas bucales; S, esquema de las mandíbulas; 6a, esquema de la cabeza mostrando la ubicación de las antenas; 6b, c, detalle de la antena: b, vista dorsal; c, vista lateral. 7, S, F. albiventris Forel. 7, Perfil larval; Sa, esquema de la cabeza mostrando la ubicación de las antenas; Sb, c, detalle de la antena: b, vista dorsal; c, vista lateral, beza subpentagonal (Fig. 8a). Antenas largas con tres sensilas terminales cada una (Fig. 8b, e). Material examinado. ARGENTINA. Tucumán: Tapia, 33 larvas maduras, XI­ 1992, col. F. Cuezzo; 12 larvas maduras, XIl-1992, col. F. Cuezzo. 152 Rev. Soco Eniomol. Argent. 55 (1-4), 1996 CONCLUSIONES Forelius puede diferenciarse de las restantes Dolichoderinae por presentar larvas maduras con perfil dolicoderoide, cabeza y ano ventral, ausencia de protuberancias terminales en el cuerpo, forma dolicoderoide de las mandíbulas y la estructura espinulosa de la hipofaringe. Todas las larvas maduras descriptas presentan el espiráculo Al de mayor diámetro que los restantes, carácter que se mantiene en las obreras adultas de la mayoría de las especies sudamericanas. La forma de la cabeza y de las antenas, y la disposición de las setas en el cuerpo no pueden ser utilizadas como caracteres diagnósticos genéricos, como lo exponen Wheeler & Wheeler (1966), ya que varían entre las especies estudiadas. Forelius nigrivenl:ris puede diferenciarse de las restantes especies sudamericanas por la forma subelíptica de la cabeza y la presencia de antenas cortas, circulares y sin sensilas visibles; F. albiventris se caracteriza por presentar una cabeza subpentagonal y antenas largas con sensilas visibles. De acuerdo con la descripción de Wheeler & Wheeler (1973), F. maccooki presenta una longitud similar a la de F. nigriventris (1,6 mm) y se puede diferenciar de las especies sudamericanas estudiadas por los siguientes caracteres: presencia de un tubérculo mediodorsal bajo en A2, presencia de gonópodos vestigiales, tegumento enteramente espinuloso; forma de la cabeza subhexagonal. El labro, profundamente bilobado en las especies sudamericanas, es débilmente bilobado de acuerdo con la descripción de Wheeler & Wheeler (1973), aunque la figura que acompaña esta descripción lo muestra recto en F. maccooki. Las mandíbulas presen­ tan un diente apical largo y agudo en F. maccooki, mientras que en F. brasiliensis, F. albiventris y F. nigriventris el único diente mandibular es corto y grueso. Todos los caracteres discutidos confirman la sistemática de los adultos del gé­ nero y la validez de las especies tratadas. AGRADECIMIENTOS Deseo agradecer a los Dres. C. R. F. Brandáo (Museo de Zoología de Sao Paulo, Brasil), A. Willink (UNT) y P. Fidalgo (CIRPON) por la lectura de este manuscrito y las sugerencias aportadas. BIBLIOGRAFIA CITADA WHEELER, G. C. & J. WHEELER. 1951. The ant larvae of the subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proc. Ent. Soco Washington 53 (4): 169-210. WHEELER, G. C. & J. WHEELER. 1960. Techniques for the study of ant larvae. Psyche 87-94. WHEELER, G. C. & J. WHEELER. 1966. The ant larvae of the subfamily Dolichoderinae: supplement. AmI. Enlomol. Soco Anzer. 59: 726-732. WHEELER, G. C. & J. WHEELER. 1973. Ant larvae of the subfamily Dolichoderinae: second supplement. Pan. Paco Eniomol. 49: 396-401. WHEELER, G. C. & J.WHEELER. 1976. Ant larvae: Review and synthesis, Mem. Ent. Soco Washing­ ton 7: 1-108. WHEELER, G. C. & J. WHEELER. 1986. Ten-year supplement to «Ant larvae: Review and synthesis», Proc. Ent. Soco Washington 88 (4): 648-702. Recibido: 2-III-1995 Aceptado: 20-VI-1995.
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