Aaron, Hank, 639, 640 Abbey, Charlotte, 602
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Black Firsts BM 11/16/04 8:22 PM Page 757 Index Note: (ill.) indicates photos and illustrations. A Adams, Alton Augustus, African Day Parade, 470 African-American Aaron, Hank, 639, 640 454 African Dorcas Society, Catholic Church, 543 Abbey, Charlotte, 602 Adams, Cyrus Field, 402 512 African-American Male Abbott, Cleveland, Adams, Floyd, Jr., 361–62 African Free School, 205 Empowerment Sum- 719–20 Adams, John Q., 402 African Insurance Com- mit, 509–10 Abbott, Diane Julie, Adams, Numa Pompilius pany, 85 Afro-American, 402 342–43 Garfield, 607 African Meeting House, The Afro-American Abdul-Jabbar, Kareem, Adams, Oscar William, Jr., 546 Woman: Struggle and 658, 662 226–27, 227 African Methodist Episco- Images, 730 Abel, Elijah, 578 Adams, Victorine Quille, pal (AME) Church, Afro-Presbyterian Coun- Abele, Julian Francis, 1–2 247, 369 537–41 cil, 584 Abernathy, Ralph, 522 Adams-Ender, Clara African Methodist Episco- Agins, Michelle V., 89 Abiel Smith School, 205 Leach, 440–41 pal (AME) Zion Aguta, Lameck, 721 Abolition, 115–17 Adderton, Donald V., 414 Church, 541–43 Agyeman, Jaramogi Abrams, Albert, 501 Adger, William, 163, 164 African Methodist Episco- Abebe, 551 Abrams, Roslyn Maria, Advertising, 77–78 pal Conference, 541 Aiken, William, 257 497 Aframerican Women’s African missionary, 539 Ailey, Alvin, 11 Abyssinian Baptist Journal, 415 African National Con- Air Atlanta, 112 Church (New York, African American Civil gress, 340 Air Force, 427–30 NY), 545, 546 War Memorial, 473 African Orthodox Akerele, Iyombe Academic and Intellectu- African American Poetry Church, 542–43, 583 Botumbe, 344 al Societies, 489–93 Archive, 204 African Street Baptist Alabama Christian Mis- Act to Prohibit the African Baptist Church Church (Mobile, AL), sionary Convention, Importation of Slaves (Albany, NY), 546 547 560 (1808), 117 African Baptist Church African Union American Alabama county and Actor’ Equity Association, (Lexington, KY), 545 Methodist Episcopal state government, 17 African Baptist Church Church, 543 225–27 Ada S. McKinley Commu- (Philadelphia, PA), 545 African Union Society of Alabama local govern- nity House, 482 African Blood Brother- Newport, Rhode ment, 347–49 Adair, Thelma Davidson, hood, 525 Island, 512, 521 Alabama Penny Savings 584 African Company, 11 African Zoar Church, 573 Bank, 81 757 Black Firsts BM 11/16/04 8:22 PM Page 758 758 Index Alabama State University, Allen, Richard, 128, 471, Amo, Anthony William, Antoine, Carroll, 460 194 537, 537–38, 538 (ill.), 160 Apostolic Overcoming Alaska county and state 538, 562, 573, 573–74 Amos, John, 480 Holy Church of God, government, 228 Allen, William G., 182 Amos, Wally “Famous,” 583 Alaska Spotlight, 402 Allensworth, Allen, 434, 105 Applegate, Joseph, 186 Alcorn Agricultural and 482 Ancient Order of Glean- Archery, Oates, 243 Mechanical College, Alliance Theater ers, 525 Archibald, Julius A., 256 192 (Atlanta, GA), 20 Anderson, Charles Alfred, Archie-Hudson, Mar- Alcorn, James I., 192 Along This Way: The 464 guerite, 137, 155 Aldredge, Missouri “Big Autobiography of Anderson, Charles Architecture, 1–4 Mo,” 648 James Weldon John- Edward, 178, 190 Argrett, Loretta Collins, Aldridge, Ira Frederick, son, 726 Anderson, Charles W., 295 11 Alpha Kappa Alpha, 526, 277 Ariel Mutual Funds, 109 Alexander and Company 528 Anderson, Charles W., Jr., Arizona county and state General Insurance Alpha Lodge of New Jer- 244 government, 228 Agency, 85 sey, 525 Anderson, Edwyna G., Arizona local govern- Alexander, Clifford, Jr., Alpha Phi Alpha, 526 502 ment, 349 285 Alston, Charles Henry, 57 Anderson, George C., 402 Arkansas county and Alexander, Fritz W., II, Alston, Thomas, 637 Anderson, Hubert, Jr., state government, 273, 502, 653 228–29 258 Alvin Ailey Dance The- Anderson, James H., 405 Arkansas Freeman, 402 Alexander, Joyce London, ater, 11 Anderson, James, Jr., 449 Arkansas local govern- 309, 311 A. M. E. Church Maga- Anderson, Maceo, 8 ment, 349–50 Alexander, Karen D., 509 zine, 415 Anderson, Marian, xvi, Arlene, Herbert, 262 Alexander Pierre American Baptist, 402, 46, 477 Armstrong, Henry “Ham- Tureaud, Sr. Hall, 159 403 Anderson, Moses, 557 mering Hank,” 666–67 Alexander, Sadie T. Mos- American Baptist Mis- Anderson, Mother Leafy, Armstrong, Joan sell, 168, 169, 170 sionary Convention 586 Bernard, 246 Alexander, Walter (New England/Middle Anderson, Reuben Vin- Armstrong, Lillian “Lil” Gilbert, 255 Atlantic), 547 cent, 252 Harding, 37 Alexander, Willie Abner, American Federation of Anderson, Vinton Ran- Armstrong, Louis “Satch- 227 Musicians, 34 dolph, 528, 570 mo,” 21, 21 (ill.) Alexis, Marcus, 287 American Institute of Anderson, Violette Neat- Arnelle, Hugh Jesse, 153 Ali, Laila, 672 Architects, 3 ley, 240 Arnette, Benjamin Ali, Muhammad, 670, American Methodism, Anderson, William, 543 William, 260 670–71, 672 574 Anderson, Zack, 646 Arnwine, Barbara, The Alienated American, American Muslim Mis- Angelou, Maya, 18, 733, 124–25 400 sion, 571 742–43 Arrington, Richard, Jr., All Nations Pentecostal American National Bap- Anglican Church, 543 348, 348 (ill.) Church (Chicago, IL), tist Convention, 548 The Anglo African, 400 Asbury Methodist Church 580–81 American Negro Acade- Anita Bush Players, 13 (Lexington, KY), 574 Allen, Aris T., 247, 315 my, 489 Annan, Kofi Atta, 333 Ashanti Goldfields Com- Allen, Elbert, 218 American Revolution, (ill.), 344 pany, 109 Allen, Ethyl D., 389–90 430–31 Ansa, Tina McElroy, 411 Ashby, Helena, 353 Allen Hall (Huston-Tillot- American Seamen’s Pro- Antioch Association of Ashe, Arthur, 715 (ill.), son College), 159 tective Association, 86 Metaphysical Science, 715–16, 716 Allen, James N., 395 American Theatre of 543–44 Ashford, Emmett, 638 Allen, Karen, 534 Harlem, 466 Antiracial discrimination Ashley, Maurice, 672–73 Allen, Macon B., 249, 349 Amerson, Lucius D., 225 legislation, 121 Association for the Study Allen, Marcus, 684–85 Amherstburg Association Antislavery laws, 119 of Negro Life and His- Allen, Milton B., 369 (Canada and Michi- Antislavery petition, tory, 490 Allen, Raymond “Ray” gan), 547 115–16 Association of Black W., Jr., 226 Amistad, 128–29 Anti-Slavery Society, 546 Caulkers, 87 Black Firsts BM 11/16/04 8:22 PM Page 759 Index 759 Atkins, Hannah Diggs, Baker, Gwendolyn Barnes, Martin G., 377–78 Bell, Arthur, 10 261 Calvert, 221–22, 518 Barnett, Ethel S., 263 Bell, Charles E., 231 Atkins, Thomas I., 370 Baker, Henry Edwin, 596 Barnett, Etta Moten, Bell, Christine, 109 Atlanta Daily World, 406 Baker, James, 348 23–24 Bell, Dennis, 433 Atlanta phone directory, Baker, James Estes, Barnett, Marguerite Ross, Bell, Derrick Albert, Jr., 122 284–85 147–48 186–87, 187 (ill.), 188 Atlanta State Savings Baker, John L., 348 “Barren Fig Tree,” 572 Bell, Hubert Thomas, Jr., Bank (Atlanta, GA), 82 Baker, Monroe, 367 Barrett, Jacquelyn “Jack- 296 Atlanta University Sys- Baker, T. Nelson, Sr.,169 ie” H., 237–38, 361 Bell, Jack, 498 tem, 195 Baker, Thurbert E., 239 Barry, Marion Shepilov, Bell, James Thomas “Cool Atlantic City Bacharach Baker, Vernon, 444–45 Jr., 123, 522 Papa,” 631, 643–44 Giants, 631 Balanchine, George, 9, 10 “Bars Fight,” 740 Bell, Juanita, 428 Atlantic Records, 53 Balas, Mary Frances, 553 Barthé, Richmond, 66 Bell, Kathleen, 228–29 Attucks, Crispus, 430, 473 Baldwin, Cynthia A., Barthelemy, Sidney John, Bell, Robert Mack, 248 The Audrey Thomas 263–64 245 Belle Meade Country Show, 70 Baldwin, John, 521 Baseball, 629–45 Club, 528 Augusta, Alexander Baldwin, Lewis V., 180 Basie, Count, 47 Belleview House, 208 Thomas, 432, 591, 601 Baldwin, William, 455 Basketball, 646–64 Belson, Jerry, 298 Aunt Jemima, 77 Baltimore Afro-Ameri- Bass, Charlotta A. Spears, Belton, Sharon Sayles, Austin, Charles, 66 can, 403 314, 405 372, 387 Bass, Sam, 372 Austin, H. Elsie, 260 Baltimore County Med- Ben Moore Hotel (Mont- Austin High School ical Society, 531 Bassett, Ebenezer Don gomery, AL), 93 Bankhead, Dan, 631–33 Carlos, 276 (Knoxville, TN), 209 Benedict the Moor, Saint, Banking, 81–85 Bates, Daisy, 216 Austin, Richard H., 554 Banks, A. A., 583 Battiste, Luther H., III, 250–51 Benezet, Anthony, 205 Banks, Anna D., 503 505 Austin, Wanda M., 101 Benham, Robert, 236–37, Banks, Ernie, 637–38 Baxter, Nathan Dwight, Autobiographies, 725–26 238 Banks, Jessie, 373, 387 567 Automobile industry, Benjamin, Miriam E., 595 Banks, Lauren, 713 Baylor, Don Edward, 644 78–81 Benjamin, Regina M., 533 Banks, Tyra, 470 Beale Street: Where the Automobile racing, Bennett, Hyram S. Banks, William Venoid, Blues Began, 737 628–29 Thomas, 480 70 Beard, Andrew Jackson, Avery, Byllye Y., 612–13 Bennett, Marian C., 295 595–96 Aviation, 463–65 Banneker, Benjamin, 618, 618 (ill.) Beard, Delawrence, 247 Berea College, 191 Ayer, Gertrude Elise Banning, James Herman, Bearden, Bessye Jeanne Bergen College, 646 McDougald, 214 464 Banks, 212–13 Berger, Nathaniel, 97 Azikiwe, Nnamdi, 338–39 Bannister, Edward Beatty, Talley, 10 Bermuda government, Azusa Street Mission, 579 Mitchell, 56 Beauchamp, Lincoln T., 333 Baptism, 544 Jr., 168 Bernard, Linda D., 510 B Baptist Foreign Mission Beauty industry and Berry, Chuck, 50 Bacon, Alice M., 617 Convention of the models, 466–70 Berry, Edwin C., 481 Baety, Edward L., 360 United States of Bechet, Sidney, 38 Berry, Halle Maria, 29, 74 Bailey, Darlyne, 159 America, 548 Beck, James Garfield, 392 Berry, Leonidas H., 607–8, Bailey, DeFord, Sr., 38–39 Baptists, 544–51 Beckford, Tyson, 469 608 Bailey, John H., 451 Barack, Obama, 202 Beckham, Ruth Howard, Berry, Mary Frances, Bailey, Lawrence, Sr., 306, Barber, Elroy, 551 169 187–88 381 Barden, Don H., 97, Becton, Julius