The Militia Movement (2020)
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Introduction
To Shake Their Guns in the Tyrant's Face: Libertarian Political Violence and the Origins of the Militia Movement Robert H. Churchill http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=327258 The University of Michigan Press, 2009. introduction On April 29, 1994, twenty-eight men met in the woods of northern Michigan. Angered by the events at Ruby Ridge and Waco and alarmed by rumors of black helicopters and foreign soldiers hidden on American military bases, these men agreed to associate as the ‹rst brigade of the Northern Michigan Regional Militia. The militia was the brainchild of Norm Olson and Ray Southwell, the pastor and deacon of a small Bap- tist church near Alanson, Michigan. Those assembled elected Olson as their commander. He in turn laid down some basic principles under which they would proceed. First, the militia would operate publicly. If they believed that the government was a threat to their liberty, then it was their duty, as patriots and as men, to “shake their guns in the tyrant’s face.”Second, the militia would be open to men and women of principle regardless of race or faith. Olson believed that the government was ut- terly corrupt, but unlike other voices on the far right, he argued that the source of that corruption lay in the human heart and not in any Jewish conspiracy or in the loss of racial purity. Finally, Olson portrayed the militia as an expression of popular sov- ereignty, a reincarnation of the Minutemen who had faced off against the king’s troops at Lexington and Concord. -
Jones (Stephen) Oklahoma City Bombing Archive, 1798 – 2003 (Bulk 1995 – 1997)
JONES (STEPHEN) OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING ARCHIVE, 1798 ± 2003 (BULK 1995 ± 1997). See TARO record at http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/03493/cah-03493.html (Approximately 620 linear feet) This collection is open for research use. Portions are restricted due to privacy concerns. See Archivist's Note for more details. Use of DAT and Beta tapes by appointment only; please contact repository for more information. This collection is stored remotely. Advance notice required for retrieval. Contact repository for retrieval. Cite as: Stephen Jones Oklahoma City Bombing Archive, 1798 ± 2003 (Bulk 1995 ± 1997), Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin. [AR 98-395; 2003-055; 2005-161] ______________________________________________________________________________ BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE: Stephen Jones (born 1940) was appointed in May 1995 by the United States District Court in Oklahoma City to serve as the lead defense attorney for Timothy McVeigh in the criminal court case of United States of America v. Timothy James McVeigh and Terry Lynn Nichols. On April 19, 1995, two years to the day after the infamous Federal Bureau of Investigation and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms raid on the Branch Davidians at Waco, Texas, a homemade bomb delivered inside of a Ryder rental truck was detonated in front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Timothy McVeigh, as well as his accomplice Terry Nichols, were accused of and, in 1997, found guilty of the crime, and McVeigh was executed in 2001. Terry Nichols is still serving his sentence of 161 consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole in the ADX Florence super maximum-security prison in Florence, Colorado. -
A Schema of Right-Wing Extremism in the United States
ICCT Policy Brief October 2019 DOI: 10.19165/2019.2.06 ISSN: 2468-0486 A Schema of Right-Wing Extremism in the United States Author: Sam Jackson Over the past two years, and in the wake of deadly attacks in Charlottesville and Pittsburgh, attention paid to right-wing extremism in the United States has grown. Most of this attention focuses on racist extremism, overlooking other forms of right-wing extremism. This article presents a schema of three main forms of right-wing extremism in the United States in order to more clearly understand the landscape: racist extremism, nativist extremism, and anti-government extremism. Additionally, it describes the two primary subcategories of anti-government extremism: the patriot/militia movement and sovereign citizens. Finally, it discusses whether this schema can be applied to right-wing extremism in non-U.S. contexts. Key words: right-wing extremism, racism, nativism, anti-government A Schema of Right-Wing Extremism in the United States Introduction Since the public emergence of the so-called “alt-right” in the United States—seen most dramatically at the “Unite the Right” rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, in August 2017—there has been increasing attention paid to right-wing extremism (RWE) in the United States, particularly racist right-wing extremism.1 Violent incidents like Robert Bowers’ attack on the Tree of Life synagogue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in October 2018; the mosque shooting in Christchurch, New Zealand in March 2019; and the mass shooting at a Walmart in El Paso, Texas in August -
Which Way to the Wheat Field? Women of the Radical Right on Facebook
Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences | 2019 Which way to the wheat field? Women of the radical right on Facebook Megan Squire Elon University [email protected] Abstract Defamation League (ADL) used video evidence to conclude that "alt-right is overwhelmingly white and At what rates and in what capacity do women male" as only 7% of the Unite the Right attendees they participate in extreme far-right ("radical right") could identify appeared to be women [2]. Before political online communities? Gathering precise Charlottesville, a 2016 psychological study by Forcher demographic details about members of extremist groups and Kteiley [3] of self-identified alt-right adherents in the United States is difficult because of a lack of data. yielded a sample that was 34% female. Even earlier, a The purpose of this research is to collect and analyze 2010 Quinnipiac University poll of the Tea Party data to help explain radical right participation by movement (some of which subsequently morphed into gender on social media. We used the public Facebook the anti-government "patriot" militia movement of Graph API to create a large dataset of 700,204 today [4]), showed that women make up 55% of self- members of 1,870 Facebook groups spanning 10 identified Tea Party members [5]. Clearly, more reliable different far-right ideologies during the time period estimates of gender breakdown are needed. June 2017 - March 2018, then applied two different Kathleen Blee, who writes extensively about women gender resolution software packages to infer the gender in clandestine white power groups in the United States, of all users by name. -
Report to the Nation 2019
REPORT TO THE NATION: 2019 FACTBOOK ON HATE & EXTREMISM IN THE U.S. & INTERNATIONALLY TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............................3 Executive Summary: Report to the Nation, 2019…………………………………………………………………......................5–95 I. LATEST 2018 MAJOR U.S. CITY DATA………………………………………………………………………......................5 II. BIAS BY CITY IN 2018…………………………………………………………………......................................................6 III: 2019/2018 Latest Major U.S. City Trends: By City & Bias Motive………………………………………..................7 IV: OFFICIAL FBI & BJS DATA………………………………… ……………………………………………..........................12 V: EXTREMIST AND MASS HOMICIDES……………………………………………...................................................18 VI: HATE MIGRATES AND INCREASES ONLINE……………………………………………………………....................22 VII: RUSSIAN SOCIAL MEDIA MANIPULATION CONTINUES…………………………………………….................29 VIII: FLUCTUATIONS AROUND CATALYTIC EVENTS AND POLITICS……………………………………..............32 IX: U.S. NGO DATA OVERVIEW – EXTREMIST GROUPS………………………………………….………..................38 X: U.S. NGO DATA – RELIGION & ETHNIC HATE …………………………………….............................................39 XI: U.S. NGO DATA – EMERGING HATREDS: HOMELESS, TRANSGENDER & JOURNALISTS ……….........44 XII: POLITICAL VIOLENCE AND THREATS………………………………………………………………….....................48 XIII: HATE CRIME VICTIMS AND OFFENDERS…………………………………………………..…………....................54 XIV: HATE CRIME PROSECUTIONS……………………………………………………………………………....................61 XV: HATE -
Qanon Offenders in the United States May 2021
Profiles of Individual Radicalization in the RaD_UMD United States (PIRUS) QAnon Offenders in the United States As of May 26, 2021, 79 QAnon followers have committed ideologically-motivated crimes in the United States. This includes two offenders who were inspired by the PizzaGate conspiracy, a precursor to QAnon, who committed crimes in 2016, and 40 individuals who participated in the Capitol insurrection on January 6, 2021. The offenders come from 33 states, including 11 from California, 5 from Texas, and 4 each from Arizona, Illinois, and New Jersey. Using auxiliary data from the Profiles of Individual Radicalization in the United States (PIRUS) project, these infographics provide information on the characteristics of U.S. QAnon offenders and their crimes. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OFFENDERS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Offenders Age Female Married 79 43 20 32 Seventy nine QAnon The offenders were 43 years Twenty women have At least 32 of the adherents have committed old on average at the time of committed QAnon-related individuals were married at crimes in the U.S. At least 40 their crimes/arrests. The oldest crimes, including 10 who the time of their arrests. QAnon followers participated individual was 71 when participated in the Capitol Eight others were in the Capitol insurrection. they were arrested. insurrection. previously married. The youngest was 22. Parents Military/LE Unemployed Criminal Record 42 16 16 25 Forty two of the individuals Sixteen of the offenders have Sixteen of the individuals were At least 25 of the offenders are confirmed to be the U.S. military and/or law unemployed at the time of have previous arrests for non- parents or legal guardians enforcement backgrounds. -
“This Is Our House!” a Preliminary Assessment of the Capitol Hill
MARCH 2021 “This is Our House!” A Preliminary Assessment of the Capitol Hill Siege Participants Program on Extremism THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY MARCH 2021 “This is Our House!” A Preliminary Assessment of the Capitol Hill Siege Participants Program on Extremism THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2021 by Program on Extremism Program on Extremism 2000 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20006 www.extremism.gwu.edu Cover: ©REUTERS/Leah Millis TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements 6 Executive Summary 8 Introduction 10 Findings 12 Categorizing the Capitol Hill Siege Participants 17 Recommendations 44 Conclusion 48 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was researched and written jointly by the research team at the Program on Extremism, including Lorenzo Vidino, Seamus Hughes, Alexander Meleagrou- Hitchens, Devorah Margolin, Bennett Clifford, Jon Lewis, Andrew Mines and Haroro Ingram. The authors wish to thank JJ MacNab for her invaluable feedback and edits on this report. This report was made possible by the Program’s team of Research Assistants—Ilana Krill, Angelina Maleska, Mia Pearsall, Daniel Stoffel, Diana Wallens, and Ye Bin Won—who provided crucial support with data collection, data verification, and final edits on the report. Finally, the authors thank Nicolò Scremin for designing this report, and Brendan Hurley and the George Washington University Department of Geography for creating the maps used in this report. -
Surveying the Landscape of the American Far Right
SURVEYING THE LANDSCAPE OF THE AMERICAN FAR RIGHT MARK PITCAVAGE AUGUST 2019 PITCAVAGE | PROGRAM ON EXTREMISM About the Program on as an expert witness in a number of trials. Since Extremism 2000, Dr. Pitcavage has worked for the Anti- Defamation League, one of the nation’s oldest civil The Program on Extremism at George rights organizations, where he currently serves as a Washington University p r o v i d e s Senior Research Fellow in ADL’s Center on analysis on issues related to violent and Extremism. In the past, Dr. Pitcavage has also non-violent extremism. The Program been Director of the Center on Extremism. Prior to spearheads innovative and thoughtful joining ADL, Dr. Pitcavage was Research Director academic inquiry, producing empirical for the Justice Department’s State and Local Anti- work that strengthens extremism Terrorism Training Program. Dr. Pitcavage research as a distinct field of study. The received his MA and Ph.D. from The Ohio State Program aims to develop pragmatic University in Columbus, Ohio, where he still lives policy solutions that resonate with and works. policymakers, civic leaders, and the general public. The views expressed in this paper are About the Author solely those of the author, and not necessarily those of the Program on Dr. Mark Pitcavage is a historian with 25 Extremism or the George Washington University. years’ expertise on domestic terrorism and right-wing extremism in the United States, having authored many articles, reports and studies on related subjects; trained over 17,000 government officials and law enforcement officers; and served SURVEYING THE LANDSCAPE OF THE AMERICAN FAR RIGHT 1 PITCAVAGE | PROGRAM ON EXTREMISM Introduction What is the extreme right in the United States? To many, terms such as “extreme right” and “far right” are simply synonymous with white supremacy. -
The Militia Movement and Second Amendment Revolution: Conjuring with the People
Maurer School of Law: Indiana University Digital Repository @ Maurer Law Articles by Maurer Faculty Faculty Scholarship 1996 The Militia Movement and Second Amendment Revolution: Conjuring with the People David C. Williams Indiana University Maurer School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Second Amendment Commons Recommended Citation Williams, David C., "The Militia Movement and Second Amendment Revolution: Conjuring with the People" (1996). Articles by Maurer Faculty. 633. https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub/633 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by Maurer Faculty by an authorized administrator of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE MILITIA MOVEMENT AND SECOND AMENDMENT REVOLUTION: CONJURING WITH THE PEOPLE David C. Williams4 INTRODUCTION ................................................. 879 I. WHAT THE MILITIA HAS RIGHT-ARMED REVOLUTION .... 886 A. Fear of the Government ............................ 887 B. The Revolutionary Second Amendment ............. 892 C. The Importance of the Militia ...................... 896 D. The Danger of Disarmament ....................... 901 II. WHAT THE MILITIA HAS WRONG--THE BODY OF THE PEOPLE ................................................. 904 A. The Framers' View of the People -
WAR in the WEST the Bundy Ranch Standoff and the American Radical Right
WAR IN THE WEST The Bundy Ranch Standoff and the American Radical Right A Special Report from the Southern Poverty Law Center Montgomery, Alabama JULY 2014 southern poverty law center WAR IN THE WEST The Bundy Ranch Standoff and the American Radical Right THE SOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER is a nonprofit organization that combats hate, intolerance and discrimination through education and litigation. Its Intelligence Project, which prepared this report and also produces the quarterly investigative magazine Intelligence Report, tracks the activities of hate groups and the nativist movement and monitors militia and other extremist antigovernment activity. Its Teaching Tolerance project helps foster respect and understanding in the classroom. Its litigation arm files lawsuits against hate groups for the violent acts of their members. MEDIA AND GENERAL INQUIRIES Mark Potok or Heidi Beirich Southern Poverty Law Center 400 Washington Ave., Montgomery, Ala. (334) 956-8200 www.splcenter.org This report was prepared by the staff of the Intelligence Project of the Southern Poverty Law Center. The Center is supported entirely by private donations. No government funds are involved. © Southern Poverty Law Center. All rights reserved. southern poverty law center about the report Written by Ryan Lenz and Mark Potok Edited by Heidi Beirich Designed by Russell Estes, Shannon Anderson and Sunny Paulk Cover photos by Jim Urquhart/Reuters/Corbis and Ryan Lenz southern poverty law center table of contents Executive Summary 5 Guns of April: The Bundy Standoff 8 Backgrounding Bundy: The Movement 18 Land Use and the ‘Patriots’: A Timeline 22 southern poverty law center After the climbdown: Militiamen and other support- ers of Cliven Bundy head for the corral where govern- ment agents were holding the Nevadan’s cattle. -
S Authoritarian Anti-Statism
Rising Above the Herd: Keith Preston's Authoritarian Anti- Statism "Perhaps what I champion is not so much the anarchist as much as the 'anarch,' the superior individual who, out of sheer strength of will, rises above the herd in defiance and contempt of both the sheep and their masters." — Keith Preston, "The Thoughts That Guide Me: A Personal Reflection" (2005)[1] Introduction Freedom from government tyranny has always been a central theme of right-wing politics in the United States. From the original Ku Klux Klan that denounced "northern military despotism" to the Tea Partiers who vilify Barack Obama as a combination of Hitler and Stalin, U.S. rightists have invoked the evil of big government to both attract popular support and justify their own oppressive policies. Witness the rise of so- called National-Anarchism (NA), an offshoot of British neonazism that has recently gained a small but fast-growing foothold in the United States. National-Anarchists advocate a decentralized system of "tribal" enclaves based on "the right of all races, ethnicities and cultural groups to organize and live separately." National-Anarchists criticize statism of both the left and the right, including classical fascism, but they participate in neonazi networks such as Stormfront.org and promote anti-Jewish conspiracy theories worthy of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. Anti-statism is a key part of National-Anarchism's appeal and helps it to deflect the charge of fascism.[2] Keith Preston, who calls himself a "fellow traveler" of National-Anarchism, is in some ways even more dangerous. Preston is a former left-wing anarchist who advocates a revolutionary alliance of leftist and rightist libertarians against U.S. -
Internet and U.S. Citizen Militias. Doctor of Philosophy
INTERNET AND U.S. CITIZEN MILITIAS Stan C. Weeber, B.A., M.A. Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2000 APPROVED: Daniel G. Rodeheaver, Major Professor James Williams, Minor Professor James Quinn, Committee Member Mahmoud Sadri, Committee Member Rudy Seward, Committee Member Dale Yeatts, Chair of the Department of Sociology David Hartman, Dean of the School of Community Service C. Neal Tate, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Weeber, Stan C., Internet and U.S. citizen militias. Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology), May, 2000, 108 pp., 17 tables, references, 115 titles. Smelser’s theory of collective behavior holds that people join radical social movements because they experience strain. Among the most serious strains are anxieties that relate to one’s social status and the roles that correspond to it. A social movement arises as a means of coping with these anxieties. Militia presence and activity on the Internet (especially Usenet) is a phenomenon that can be studied within the framework of Smelser’s theory. Militia watchers contend that those who join the militias have experienced the kinds of strain to which Smelser refers. A content analysis of Internet traffic of U.S. militias provides a test of the general thesis outlined above. By analyzing Internet sites it is possible to examine whether militiamen have experienced strain, and whether the strain, together with other factors, influence an individual’s decision to join the militia. This dissertation was the first sociological study of American militias on the Internet and the first in which militias from all regions of the country was studied.