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Innocence Childhood with Miserable Atmosphere

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Innocence Childhood with Miserable Atmosphere Innocence Childhood With Miserable Atmosphere A Rapid Assessment- 2007 ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___ THARDEEP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 1 SINDH-PAKISTAN Innocence Childhood With Miserable Atmosphere A Thardeep Publication Report Compiled by Ashok Suthar Head Office Near Dargah Hussain Shah, Siran Mithi (69230), District Tharparkar Sindh Pakistan. Tel: 0092-232-261-462 Fax: 0092-232-261-379 Child Rights Protection Project Office Near Circuit House, Behind Grid Station Kanji Colony, Mithi (69230), District Tharparkar Sindh, Pakistan Tel: 0092-232-261-577 Coordination Office F-178/3, Block-5, Kehkshan Clifton Karachi Tel: 0092-21-586-8791 Fax: 0092-21-586-8793 Website: www.thardeep.org E-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved 2 “Children must be protected from work which is harmful to their health and development, nor must such work interfere with their education”. Article 32 Conventions on the Rights of the Child. Contents 3 Abbreviations and Acronyms Acknowledgement Preface Overview Objectives Methodology Findings Age wise population and gender ratio: Household economy, livestock belongings and indebt ness Expenditures Livestock belongings Indebt ness Reasons of taking loans Period of loans Sources of loans Working status of children Other details of working children Monthly income of working children Gender wise ages, experiences and working hours of working children Marriage Ages Schooling Health problems Conclusion/Recommendations Working children views Parents’ views Conclusion Recommendations Annexure Household profile/questionnaire Names of surveyors Abbreviations & Acronyms 4 CW Carpet weaver DW Domestic worker HH Household LS Livestock NGO Non-Government Organization PDC Para (hamlet) Development Organization PP Population TB Tuberculoses TRDP Thardeep Rural Development Programme UC Union Council Acknowledgements This study is commissioned by Thardeep Rural Development Programme, Child Rights Protection Project office aiming to understand and create awareness of the situation of child labor in four districts of Sindh province including Thar, Umerkot, Dadu and Jamshoro. We are grateful to Sono Khangharani, CEO-TRDP, who despite of his tight schedule time to time guided us in finalizing this study. Also credit of this study goes to all the surveyors whose names are attached in annexure K- (a), 5 they all took extra efforts and made it possible to bring the data within short span of time. Indeed, we will thank to all communities and children of targeted area who took pain in the process of this study and spared their precious times in responding the questions. At last but not least we are thankful to Noor Baladi, Manager TRDP Region Sehwan, who managed all administrative and other arrangement for this study in Jamshoro and Dudu Districts. Also, thanks to staff of TRDP and particularly CRPP who time to time provided their contributions as and when required. We are also particularly gratitude of meticulous work of Ashok Suthar who designed and compiled this report in very short period of time. I will not forget here Mr. Malik Rahoom in supporting the analyses process of this study. Abid Channa, Manager, Child Rights Protection Project, Thardeep Rural Development Programme Preface Child labor in Pakistan is a persistent, omnipresent and slight unrecognized phenomenon at its existing tangible scale. Children particularly of Sindh province of Pakistan are not yet deeply studied of their plight in working status across all working-fields, which make them too far of their basic rights. Indeed, few of researches conducted by different entities on specific sectors of child labor have disclosed the insights of respective child labor areas. Rather knowing as a whole the working conditions of children irrespective of specific sectors is the need of hour to go in its insight and discover the secrets. 6 Thardeep Rural Development Programme, a local Non-Governmental Organization, which started its work focusing to cope with child labor, issues in carpet industry of district Tharparkar. Its work started with lobbying and advocacy with concerned stakeholders besides conducting research to know the troubles of child labor in carpet industry of Tharparkar. Followed by recommendations of primary research “The Blooming Colors and Wilting Children-1999” TRDP launched a pilot project to eliminate the child labor from carpet industry in 2000. This one year long successful project carried forward with recommendations of project evaluation. The next phase of this project launched after two years of its completion at large scale coinciding with a baseline study (2003) of newly expanded carpet industry of same area. This replicable project, funded by COMIC RELIEF UK and Save the Children UK/Sweden, was found successful by third party midterm evaluation at three years after its inception. Few of the major recommendations of the evaluation strongly suggested replicating same approach to eliminate child labor even beyond the carpet industry of Tharparkar. TRDP deemed imperative to conduct an assessment in order to know and estimate the situation of working children and their families beyond the carpet industry inside four districts of its operational area. These include district Thar, Umerkot, Daud and Jamshoro. Indeed, despite of time and resources constraint TRDP tried well to manage this rapid assessment initially with its in-house capacity besides getting time to time technical assistance from external research experts. We hope that the findings of this assessment will prove base for us to proceed forward with proper way in order to cope with the issue of child labor systematically. Sono Khangharani, Chief Executive Officer, Thardeep Rural Development Programme 1. OVERVIEW This report presents the results of child working situations, and their household socio-economic conditions focused on demographic, gender, economic, working status, marriage ages, health status and other concerned of families of working children in four district of Sindh. These include Thar, Umerkot, Dadu and Jamshoro. The study has thoroughly reflected on the household economy of working children households, which were selected on stratified sample based across the four districts in regards with the proportion of their respective populations and other relevant criterion. Study generally found that 95% of households have working children. Around 55% of children age group 5-14 years are working majority of them work for long hours with prolong experience. Children work with families earn very less 7 compared with their prolong working hours and days. Of the working children around three quarters of children are boys and one quarter are girls. Of these working children 70% don’t go to schools. Indeed most of children like the work once as they were asked this question but almost all were had compliant with the hardness and hectic situation of their works including agriculture, livestock, carpet weaving, brick kilns, rope making, embroidery, sewing, domestic work, handicrafts, factories, construction, quarries, and a long list as attached in annexure- J. Despite that majority of households’ incomes once offset their expenditures they show the savings but 65% of households found under heavy debts. Of them majority had took these loans a year back or even more than tow years of older. 91.5% of parents told that they put their children at work because of poverty rather vast majority of them like schooling for their children besides work. This study in light of findings suggested few of recommendations including make this assessment as base for future in-depth researches and instantly take appropriate steps to cope with child labor so that vast majority of children who are off the schools could enjoy schooling and get entertained with their other basic rights which are being violated at their workplaces. 2. OBJECTIVES: The assessment was supposed to set following objectives: Establish a reliable estimate of number of households and children involved in working in different works as well as hazardous occupations Highlight the status/plight and other micro details of working children Find out significant reasons that put the children into work Collect information on the socioeconomic status of sample households/families and children. Spotlighting the level of education and literacy rate of working children Find out the attitudes, opinions, concerns, expectations and future aspiration of working children. In addition, provide details on the occupational hazardous/diseases. Provide feedback on community’s perceptions about strategies and interventions required to prevent child labor and strive to pave way forward coping with sufferings of working children in order to eliminate child labor. Establish estimate of different potential occupations/sectors/and other way outs that could be possible into existing geographical areas as potential alternatives for employment by the families or/and children. 3. METHODOLOGY: The following main features were fixed as getting the data of this assessment. 8 Initially, a structured questionnaire was filled for collecting the primary information of selected households focused on socio-economic conditions, attitudes, getting views of parents and working children on working status and conditions. Also, asking alternatives from them was part of questionnaire. Secondly, surveying team conducted focus group discussions in different villages besides the interviews with teachers, nazims
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