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Cape Cod to Sandy Hook

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Cape Cod to Sandy Hook 19 SEP 2021 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3 ¢ 163 Cape Cod To Sandy Hook (1) The Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Sandy Hook covered with cultivated fields and orchards and occasional embraces part of the coast of Massachusetts and all of groves of trees. the coasts of Rhode Island, Connecticut and New York. (10) Westerly from Point Judith to Napatree Point is To the mariner this area presents problems of unusual a continuous line of beaches behind which are many difficulty because of the off-lying shoals, strong and saltponds. These ponds have been formed by the variable currents, large amounts of fog and turbulence sea breaking through the outer sand barrier and then of wind and sea in the great storms that so frequently depositing sand to close the opening. The shore near the sweep it. Additionally, the mariner is faced with the great water is low, grassy and nearly level but gradually rises volume of waterborne traffic that moves through the area with a series of gentle curves to higher wooded lands to and from the Port of New York. some distance back. (2) (11) Block Island is another formation of the glacier. Prominent features A prominent feature of the island is the entire absence (3) The principal geographic features include Georges of trees. The surface when viewed from eastward has Bank, Nantucket and Vineyard Sounds, Buzzards Bay, a grassy undulating appearance, and the hills in many Narragansett Bay, Long Island Sound and tributaries and places show steep sandy faces. Near the shoreline the New York Harbor and tributaries including the Hudson land is low but rapidly rises toward the center of the River. island to steep hills covered only with grass and dotted (4) Cape Cod, a long peninsula jutting eastward from occasionally with houses. the mainland of Massachusetts, may be likened to an arm (12) The boundary line between Rhode Island and bent upward at the elbow. It was originally formed by the Connecticut follows the Pawcatuck River to above the last great glacier and has been refashioned by the seas head of navigation. and wind. The outer end of The Cape, as it is called by (13) The coastline of Connecticut is rockbound and eastern New Englanders, is a barren region of sand dunes rugged, with numerous sandy beaches and occasional salt with long yellow beaches, while much of the remainder of meadows or marshland. The surface is mildly rolling near the forearm is bleak grassy country. The southern side of the shore. The depression of small valleys along the shore the delta-like plain of Cape Cod has been cut along high has created a number of good harbors. The shoreline has bluffs by the surf and waves. This section of the coast is been well developed commercially and residentially. covered with growth of pitch pine and scrub oak. It is lined with seaside resorts, state parks and bathing (5) Nantucket, Martha’s Vineyard, the Elizabeth Islands beaches. and numerous smaller islands were also formed by the (14) The boundary line between Connecticut and New glacier. The plains of Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket York follows the Byram River for slightly over 1 mile. are broad grassy heaths. The Elizabeth Islands are hilly (15) Long Island, originally formed by the glacier and and partly wooded, and generally the shores are low thrusting about 105 miles eastward from New York Bay bluffs. to a point abreast of New London, faces the New England (6) The western shore of Buzzards Bay is of moderate coast across Long Island Sound on the north. Its eastern height, very gently sloping, cleared and cultivated with end is split by Peconic Bay and the 35- and 25-mile occasional groves of trees. Several towns and the city of peninsulas thus formed are the north and south flukes. New Bedford are visible along the shores. The island is almost a plain. On the north coast, bluffs (7) Between Buzzards and Narragansett Bays the coast rise to a height of 200 feet. South of these, extending well is a mass of sand dunes with steep faces forming a line into the island’s midsection, run several chains of hills. along the shore. Several headlands along this stretch of The south shore is a barrier beach from about 30 miles coast have fine sand beaches between them. west of the eastern extremity to the western end, which (8) The boundary line between Massachusetts and has been developed into a series of bathing resorts. Rhode Island strikes the coast just westward of Quicksand (16) Point. Disposal sites and dumping grounds (9) Among the islands in Narragansett Bay are Rhode (17) These areas are rarely mentioned in the Coast Pilot (Aquidneck) Island, Conanicut and Prudence. These but are shown on the nautical charts. (See Disposal Sites rather large islands are gently sloping, undulating and and Dumping Grounds, chapter 1, and charts for limits.) 164 ¢ U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3 19 SEP 2021 (18) contractor; the project depth may or may not be the goal Aids to navigation of maintenance dredging after completion of the original (19) Lights and buoys are the principal guides that mark channel, and for this reason, project depth must not be the approaches to the important harbors. Many of the confused with controlling depth. Controlling depth in a light stations have sound signals, particularly those in channel is its least depth; it restricts use of the channel to the vicinity of the larger ports. drafts less than that depth. (20) Radar is an important aid in most of this area but (32) Channel information and minimum depths in should not be relied upon for ranges to the beach in deepwater and secondary channels that are regularly areas such as the south coast of Long Island that offer maintined by the USACE are available on NOAA a relatively low relief. Many of the coastal buoys are Electronic Navigational Charts. Surveys and channel equipped with radar reflectors. Radar is of particular condition reports are available through a USACE importance in detecting other traffic and in the prevention hydrographic survey website listed in Appendix A. of collisions during periods of low visibility, which are Owing to constant shoaling in places, depths may vary common in this area—refer to the U.S. Coast Guard’s considerably between maintenance dredgings. In the case Light List for a complete description of navigational aids. of other channels, the controlling depths printed in the (21) Coast Pilot are from the latest available reports which COLREGS Demarcation Lines may, however, be several years old. (22) Lines have been established to delineate those (33) waters upon which mariners must comply with the Anchorages Inland Navigational Rules Act of 1980 (Inland Rules). (34) There are numerous anchorages in Nantucket and The waters inside of the lines are Inland Rules Waters, Vineyard Sounds, Buzzards, Narragansett and Gardiners and the waters outside of the lines are COLREGS Bays and Long Island Sound, where vessels with good Waters. (See 33 CFR 80, chapter 2, for specific lines of ground tackle can ride out any gale. Between Cape Cod demarcation.) and Sandy Hook, the more important harbors, either (23) commercially or as harbors of refuge, are New Bedford, Ports and waterways safety Newport, Providence, New London, New Haven and Bridgeport on the mainland, Greenport and Port Jefferson (24) Refer to 33 CFR 160, chapter 2, for regulations governing vessel operations and requirements for on Long Island, City Island, New York and vast New notification of arrivals, hazardous conditions and certain York Harbor. (See 33 CFR 110, chapter 2, for limits and dangerous cargoes to the Captain of the Port. regulations.) (35) Marine Protected Areas (25) Regulated Navigation Areas have been established within the navigable waters of the First Coast Guard (36) The chapters that follow may contain references to District to increase operational safety for towing vessels Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) occurring in navigable and tank barges. (See 33 CFR 165.100, chapter 2, for coastal waters of the Northeast Atlantic coast. This limits and regulations.) critical environmental information is intended to inform readers about the location, purpose and legal restrictions (26) of coastal MPAs, with an emphasis on activities of interest Harbor entrances to the maritime community. For detailed information on (27) The entrances to most of the harbors have dredged MPAs, visit marineprotectedareas.noaa.gov. Some of channels marked with navigational aids and are easy of the major MPAs are listed below. access. In some cases jetties and breakwaters extend (37) Northern Inshore Lobster Waters includes the offshore from the entrances. The entrances to the inlets State waters of RI, MA, NH and ME. along the south shore of Long Island are subject to (38) Northern Nearshore Lobster Waters includes the frequent change due to the shifting sand bars. federal waters of RI, MA, NH and ME. (28) Traffic Separation Schemes (Traffic Lanes) have (39) Offshore Lobster Waters, about 60 miles offshore been established in the approaches to Buzzards Bay, to the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) edge, extend Narragansett Bay and New York Harbor. (See chapters from the U.S. Canadian border to Cape Hatteras, NC. 5, 6 and 11, respectively, for details.) (40) Southern Nearshore Lobster Waters and Mid- (29) Vessel Traffic Service, New York, operated by the Atlantic Coastal Waters Area includes the state and U.S. Coast Guard, serves New York Harbor. (See 33 CFR federal waters along the continental shelf from Long 161.1 through 161.25, chapter 2, for regulations.) Island to Cape Hatteras, NC. (30) (41) Channels Dangers (31) Federal project depth is a design dredging depth (42) The most important dangers confronting the navigator authorized for a channel constructed by the U.S.
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