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The Metaphor in William Shakespeare's Poem DEIKSIS Vol. 08 No.02, Mei 2016 p-ISSN: 2085-2274, e-ISSN 2502-227X hal. 199-207 THE METAPHOR IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S POEM: “SONNET LXIII” Noni Marlianingsih Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Jl. Nangka 58 Tanjung Barat, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract This study uses stylistic focused on the theory of figure of speech. Stylistic approach is done by analyzing the entire poem and continued to interpret their characteristics, and to find out the whole meaning of poem. Technique of data analysis uses qualitative descriptive analysis. The descriptive data was taken from the form of phrases, words, and sentences in the Sonnet 73 poems by William Shakespeare. The main problem of this research was to find out the metaphor in sonnet 73. Metaphor is a figure of speech that makes a comparison describing one thing as another, suggesting a likeness between them. It does not use “like” or “as”. This poem talks about aging, dying, and death, and portrays a feeling from the poet when he is so close to death and it influences his love relationship with his dear friend. Key words: Metaphor, Poem, Sonnet, William Shakespeare. Abstrak Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan stilistika dengan kajian teori majas. pendekatan ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis puisi secara keseluruhan, kemudian menginterpretasikan karakteristik puisi, mencari tahu makna secara keseluruhan dari puisi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Data deskriptif diambil dari bentuk frase, kata, dan kalimat dalam puisiSoneta 73 oleh William Shakespeare. Masalah utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui majas metafora dalam soneta 73. Metafora adalah kiasan yang membuat perbandingan menjelaskan satu hal dengan yang lain, menunjukkan kemiripan di antara mereka. Tidak menggunakan "sama" atau "seperti". Puisi ini berbicara tentang penuaan, sekarat, dan kematian, dan menggambarkan perasaan dari penyair ketika dia begitu dekat dengan kematian dan itu berpengaruh terhadap hubungan cintanya dengan kekasihnya. Kata kunci: Metafora, Puisi, Sonneta, William Shakespeare. 199 DEIKSIS | Vol. 08 No.02 | Mei 2016 | 199-207 INTRODUCTION topic. Beside that sonnet 73 created by Shakespeare using old English language BACKGROUND made the writer more interested in Literature is the power of language, analyzing and comprehending it. which has made the words more valuable Prominently this sonnet is perfect than before. It gives a big contribution for example of the Shakespearean form. development of science and art for many Three quatrains, each line with its own years until now. From literature people governing figure of decline, serve as not only know the way to express what incremental parts of a discourse; each their feelings, emotions, and their parallels and reinforce the others with experience, but also can represent their beauty and delicacy of detail, and culture or another country’s culture. describes the inexorable truth of the Beside that literature has many products natural world’s mutability. (Evans, of written works such as drama or play, G.Blakemore, 1996: 7) short story, novel and poem. The writer not only wants to know The writer interested in analyzing the whole meaning of sonnet and find out poetry, especially English poetry. As we the figurative language in sonnet 73 but know England has many writer and poets. also eager to know the reason why They are famous cause of their works are William Shakespeare using himself as the filled with beautiful words, the grace of topic in his sonnet 73, and what is the an expression, the simplicity of an purpose and messages to all readers from utterances, the depth of meaning filled the poet. with humor, daily language, humanity In this sonnet, the author depicts values, and also cultural content that that as human beings, we have to submit containing of educational values and will everything. Such as getting old, the make our perception or knowledge about destiny from the God, and the demise of literature more widely. someone that we love so much. And also A Poem is created seriously by a we must appreciate more for this life poet, because poem is a media to because we live in this world quickly and communicate what the poet feels, to share only happen just once in our life and it their experiences with other individual, would become a precious thing if we were observe their environment and also to get sick and realize that the demise is so imagine. Beside that a poet can create a close with us. certain kind of sounds to support the meaning and will get the harmony cause PROBLEM FORMULATION of it. (Siswantoro, 2002: 1) The main problem of this research The writer appreciates all poems, is formulated as follow: what metaphors but from several William Shakespeare are there in “Sonnet LXIII”? poems, the writer interested to analyze “Sonnet LXIII “as the main material LIMITATION OF THE PROBLEM source for this scientific research. The writers limits her focus on Although almost sonnets written by describing metaphors in “Sonnet LXIII” William Shakespeare deal with tragedy, written by William Shakespeare. love and death, but in sonnet 73 he focuses on death a long with the signs of Aims of study aging. Whether or not he is the topic of This writing aim of study is to find out the the sonnet or an observer, and the poet metaphors in “Sonnet LXIII”. expresses everything as if he were the 200 The Metaphor in William Shakespeare’s Poem:“Sonnet LXIII” (Noni Marlianingsih) RESEARCH METHOD the writer know who the speaker of the poem is and to whom she is speaking. DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE Collecting data from the books that Data analysis technique used is can support to analyze the sonnet and to qualitative descriptive analysis. This find out the figure of speech is metaphors. study uses stylistic focused on the theory Classifying the data according to of figure of speech. Stylistic approach is the theories of figurative language, do not done by analyzing the entire poem and expect a definitive reading. Many continued to interpret their poems are intentionally open-ended and characteristics, and try to find out the refuse to resolve their internal tensions. whole meaning of poem. The data in this While it is desirable to understand what a research is descriptive data in the form of poem is saying, and consider that there phrases, words, and sentences in the are approaches and interpretations other Sonnet 73 poems by William than the writer’s interpretation. Shakespeare. As the data source is Sonnet Analyzing data or poems, there are 73 by William Shakespeare and no useless words. Poets select each and published by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, every word carefully. None should be 1989. dismissed. Images and symbols all have a purpose in the overall meaning of the DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUE poem. Technique of Data collection used The last is giving a conclusion in this study is documentation. According about the finding, try paraphrasing. It to Guba and Lincoln (in Moleong, 2010: may be best for the writer to write in my 216), document is any written material or own words what the poet is saying in each films. Documentation in this study line of the poem. As my work through it, performed by highlighting the text the writer will see which areas I need to passages which express the using of concentrate on. But again, avoid the figure of speech, and meaning of the notion that there is “one true meaning.” Sonnet 73 by William Shakespeare. Then classifying the data according to figure of THEORETICAL REVIEW speech theories. And describing the Definitions of Literature results of analyzing the sonnet 73. Literature is the vague, which In completing this writing, the usually denotes work that belongs to the writer uses the library research and will major genres: Epic, Drama, Lyric, and conduct some steps are as follow: Short Story. (Cuddon, 1982:362). Read the sonnet 73 through at Literature is writing valued as work of art. least twice. The writer will have to read a (Oxford, 1980: 244). poem multiple times before even Literature is a body of written attempting to approach it for deeper works related subject mother by language meanings. Give the writer a chance to or place, or by prevailing cultural thoroughly and fully experience the standards of merits. (The Concise Oxford poem. Dictionary of Literature Terms, 2001). Try to understand the title to Literature is the writings of a period consider it as a message. The writer often or of a country, especially those valued skip over a poem’s title, which may for their excellence; of the style of form; contain important clues for understanding all the books and articles on a subject; any the piece. Often the title is an introduction printed matter including erudition, that can guide the writer; immediately lets 201 DEIKSIS | Vol. 08 No.02 | Mei 2016 | 199-207 learning, letters, lore and writing. (New The Elements of Poetry English Dictionary and Thesaurus, 1994). 1. Rhythm From the definitions of literature Rhythm is a direct consequence above, the writer draws a conclusion that of the fact that words are made up of literature is the power of language which syllables that are both stressed and has made the words more valuable than unstressed. (P. Birkerts, 1993: 535) before and the product of literature is Rhythm, the most fundamental written works. technical element of poetry is rhythm, established by the regular or almost Definitions of Stylistic regular or almost regular recurrence Stilistika etymologically related to of similar units of a pattern of sound. style (English). Sytle means that the style, (Encyclopedia Americana, 1994: while Stylistics means the science of style 277) (Jabrohim, 2001: 172). From the definitions of Rhythm Stilistika is the style, the way in above, the writer draws a conclusion which a speaker or writer to convey his that rhythm is regular, patterned point by using language as a means repetition of stressed and unstressed (Sudjiman, 1993: 13).
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