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Arunachal ENVIS Quarterly Newsletter | Vol.5 | Issue 1 (April—June) | 2020-21 1 Landslide and Floods & its consequences in Arunachal Pradesh creating road blockade pouring in from various quarters of the state. Landslide and Floods are recurring phe- Landslide nomena in the State Arunachal Pradesh. A landslide is the movement of a mass of Most part of Arunachal Pradesh is terrain rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Land- consists of deep valleys flanked by high- slides are a type of "mass wasting," which land plateaus and ridges that rise to the denotes any down-slope movement of peaks of the Great Himalayas. The state encompasses three broad physiographic regions. Farthest south is a series of foot- hills, similar in type to the Siwalik Range (a narrow sub-Himalayan belt stretching across much of northern India), that as- cend from the Assam plains to elevations of 1,000 to 3,300 feet (300 to 1,000 me- tres). Status of Environment & Its Related Landslide occurred due to heavy incessant rainfall and storm, East Kameng and West Kameng districts were reeling under Issues complete darkness as the power lines have been snapped. (Image Source: arunachaltimes.) Arunachal Pradesh is very vulnerable to hazard like landslides, floods, flash floods, soil and rock under the direct influence of cloud bursts. These hazards have the po- gravity. The term "landslide" encom- tential to cause large scale disasters re- passes five modes of slope movement: sulting in loss of life and damage to prop- falls, topples, slides, spreads, and flows. erty. These are a recurrent disasters have These are further subdivided by the type led to adverse impact on the overall eco- of geologic material (bedrock, debris, or nomic development of the State. Every earth). Debris flows (commonly referred year, the state has been witnessing of to as mudflows or mudslides) and rock heavy rainfall especially in the early mon- falls are examples of common landslide soon season especially April-September. types. The unrelenting monsoon rainfall has Causes of landslides been creating havoc across the State with Landslides occurs due to three major reports of Landslide and Floods which causes Geology, Morphology and Anthro- pogenic activities Arunachal ENVIS Quarterly Newsletter | Vol.5 | Issue 1 (April—June) | 2020-21 2 Geology above average rainfall and accumulation of Geology refers to characteristics excessive water in every living area. Floods of the material itself. The earth or may occur due to overflow of water from the rock might be weak or fractured, or reservoirs or due to heavy down pour of rain different layers may have different in places where the drainage systems are not strengths and stiffness. properly maintained. Overflow of water from Morphology the reservoirs or due to heavy down pour of Morphology refers to the structure of rain in places where the drainage systems are the land. For example, slopes that not properly maintained. lose their vegetation to fire Causes of Flood: or drought are more vulnerable to There are several factors that can lead landslides. Vegetation holds soil in to a flood are as follows:- place, and without the root systems 1. Heavy rain pours. of trees, bushes, and other plants, the 2. Melting ice and snow. land is more likely to slide away. A 3. Rising sea levels and the overflowing classic morphological cause of land- river. slides is erosion, or weakening of 4. Bad drainage systems. earth due to water. Life is paralyzed during the monsoon Anthropogenic activities season as heavy rains lash several parts of Human activity, such the state, including the twin capital, causing as agriculture and construction, can landslides and extreme flood like situation in increase the risk of a landslide. Irri- many areas across the state with results of gation, deforestation, earthwork ex- damages to roads, culverts, houses, hindrance cavation, and water leakage are of economic activities and other infrastructure some of the common activities that were reported from several districts in Arun- can help destabilize, or weaken, a achal Pradesh. slope. However, District Administration has been Floods alerting constantly all the settlers of low-lying and vulnerable areas and asked them to re- Floods are one of the recurring natu- main vigilant and also urge those living in ral disasters which are an outcome of landslide- prone areas to immediately get to safer locations. Arunachal ENVIS Quarterly Newsletter | Vol.5 | Issue 1 (April—June) | 2020-21 3 Landslide and Floods & its consequences in Arunachal Pradesh According to Department of Disaster Management and local media report, Incessant rains during the month of late late May and June 2020 leaving a trail of devastation in the state and thrown life of gear in several district of Arunachal Pradesh destroyed road and cre- ate flood like situation. A series of landslides and floods report has been reported during the monsoon season in several districts of Arunachal Pradesh. Following are the series of event and consequences of landslide & Floods occurred dur- ing the 1st quarter of the year. WRC field badly affected Dated, May 20th –23rd May 2020, due to continual rainfall for around 3 (Three) days had inundate the popularly known paddy cum fish cultivation or Wet Rice Cultivation (WRC) field in and around Ziro Valley in lower Subansiri district. The WRC fields especially located along the river beds near Mudang Tage tri Junction, Tajang, Dutta and Hija villages were the worst affected. The fingerlings released in the paddy field provided by the Fisheries de- partment have been feared to be washed away by the near flowing Kley River. WRC field badly affected |Due to heavy rain| Flood like situation |WRC cum Fish culture|Ziro Valley|Lower Subansiri Photo Source: arunachaltimes/Media House Arunachal ENVIS Quarterly Newsletter | Vol.5 | Issue 1 (April—June) | 2020-21 4 Storm disrupted power supply line of Damages of Houses, Roads & etc due to several district in Arunachal Pradesh incessant rainfall in Arunachal Pradesh On April 16, 2020, due to the massive dam- A series of landslides triggered ages caused by heavy storms, the electrical divi- by incessant rains during the month of sion in East Siang district had faced serious Arpil -June 2020 have damaged problems in restoring the transmission lines and houses and disrupted surface commu- the power distribution network. nication in Arunachal Pradesh with the The grid power supply to East Siang, Lower state capital recorded over 100 mm Dibang Valley, Namsai, Lohit and Anjaw districts, rain on dated 6th June, 2020. and part of Changlang district was disrupted On dated June 3 , 2020, as per and post structures were damaged. The dam- report published in the local media age was caused by soil erosion and falling of house The Arunachal Times, The trees trigged by the incessant rain. The restora- Pasighat-Pangin road, which is also the tion work, involving jungle clearance and re- national highway (NH-13) to Aalo in stringing of conductors with line accessories. West Siang district, was blocked after The time taken for full restoration of 132 kv of heavy landslide occurred along the NH Aalo-Pasighat took 3-4 days to complete the -13, about 31 Kms from Pasighat in East fixation of conductors of line transverses as lo- Siang District. cation through areas of thick foliages and tough .A public advisory notice had terrain amidst the prevailing inclement weather also issued by the district administra- condition,” by Pasighat Transmission Division-III tion asking people to refrain from trav- EE (E). elling on the route. However, by eve- ning, the highway department built a bypass for temporary passage. The blocked point will take time for clearance because of huge land- slides with rock/ big boulders, which required blasting and heavy machiner- ies for clearing the debris. However, a Power supply to 6 district disrupted, due to heavy storm bypass road constructed and opened results damages to transmission lines. the road for traffic at 3.30 PM. Photo Source: arunachaltimes/Media House Arunachal ENVIS Quarterly Newsletter | Vol.5 | Issue 1 (April—June) | 2020-21 5 Pasighat to Pangin road (NH-13) damaged and blocked due to landslides Wet Rice Cultivation (WRC) field badly damaged caused by heavy rainfall Most popular Fish –Cum Paddy Cultivation in ZIRO valley- A famous innovative cultivation practices followed in Apatani plateau, now a day, where fishes are reared along with paddy cultivation. The paddy cum fish cultivation procedure is one of the major attractions of Ziro, as this is rare and not seen and practiced elsewhere. After transplanting of paddy from the nursery in wet rice cultivation field (W.R.C.), the fish fingerlings are put in MUGO (channels in paddy field for drainage of water) at knee-deep height that are kept for 2-3 months before harvesting of fish. (Source: ABOUT ZIRO VALLEY|Facebook|Zimiñ Ziro) Arunachal ENVIS Quarterly Newsletter | Vol.5 | Issue 1 (April—June) | 2020-21 6 A portion of the Roing-Pasighat highway was kilometer from Hoj village under washed away on June 2, 2020 (Morning) due to Papumpare District, Arunachal continuous rainfall in the region. temporary culvert Pradesh. on the route at Mekong, about 3 kms from Sisar As the blocked point (Kala Mii) is so bridge in between Dambuk and Sisar, has collapsed vulnerable, mudslides are occurring in following heavy rain. However, the permanent road the Kala Miti area every hour due to was opened for use just a few hours after the inci- the rain. Amidst , The remaining por- dent took place,” as informed by the concerned au- tion of the road from Doimukh to Potin thority added that no casualty because of the was through for traffic, but there are so washed-off section of the highway reported.