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Public Policy Dialogue for Socially-Inclusive Public Policy Making Processes in Kenya: the Role of the Anglican Church of Kenya

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Public Policy Dialogue for Socially-Inclusive Public Policy Making Processes in Kenya: the Role of the Anglican Church of Kenya Public Policy Dialogue for Socially-Inclusive Public Policy Making Processes in Kenya: The Role of the Anglican Church of Kenya Irene Akinyi Ayallo A thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2012 Institute of Public Policy Faculty of Culture and Society Primary Supervisor: Associate Professor Love Chile Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... i List of Figures .................................................................................................................. iv Attestation of Authorship ................................................................................................. v Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................... vi Ethics Approval .............................................................................................................. vii Abstract .......................................................................................................................... viii Prologue ............................................................................................................................ x Chapter One: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Background ............................................................................................................................ 2 Rationale and Significance of Study ...................................................................................... 4 Structure of the Thesis ........................................................................................................... 5 Chapter Two: Who are the Excluded in Kenya? .................................................................. 9 Colonial Kenya and social exclusion ................................................................................... 16 Post-colonial Kenya and social exclusion............................................................................ 20 Meet the youth... ............................................................................................................. 28 Meet the women... .......................................................................................................... 29 HIV and AIDS public policy making... .......................................................................... 31 Chapter Three: Public Policy Processes in Kenya .............................................................. 37 Concept and Theory of Public Policy, and Public Policy Making ....................................... 37 Public Policy Making Processes in Kenya........................................................................... 41 Ordinary Citizens’ Participation in Public Policy Process in Kenya ................................... 52 Civil Society in Kenya and Public Policy Making Processes .............................................. 58 Chapter Four: The Anglican Church of Kenya’s Public Policy Discourse ...................... 60 The Anglican Church and models of understanding ‘church’ ............................................. 60 The Anglican Church is an institution ............................................................................ 60 The Anglican Church is a mystical communion ............................................................. 63 The Anglican Church is a herald .................................................................................... 67 The Anglican Church is a servant ................................................................................... 68 The Anglican Church and religion and politics in Kenya .................................................... 70 The colonial period ......................................................................................................... 70 Kenyatta’s era ................................................................................................................. 72 i Moi’s era ......................................................................................................................... 74 National Alliance for Change’s era ................................................................................ 75 Chapter Five: Philosophical-Political Perspectives of Justice ........................................... 80 Justice as about institutions and perfect arrangements ........................................................ 82 Justice as centring the margins: social justice ...................................................................... 85 Centring of the margins .................................................................................................. 94 Chapter Six: Biblical-Theological Perspectives of Justice ................................................. 96 The problem of justice in the Old Testament ....................................................................... 98 ...for a burdened people you raised up a leader... ........................................................... 99 ...for a confused nation you chose a king........................................................................ 99 ...for a rebellious crowd you sent your prophets... ........................................................ 101 The problem of justice in the New Testament ................................................................... 105 In these last days you have sent us your Son, your perfect image, bringing your kingdom... ..................................................................................................................... 105 My preference: justice and options for the margins ........................................................... 108 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 116 Chapter Seven: Developing a Research Methodology ...................................................... 120 Research methodology ....................................................................................................... 121 Participatory action research: beyond being an informant ................................................. 123 Research design ................................................................................................................. 125 Research participants ......................................................................................................... 127 Dialogic workshops ........................................................................................................... 128 Characteristics of dialogic workshops .......................................................................... 130 Interview questions ............................................................................................................ 133 Data analysis ...................................................................................................................... 134 Data analysis process .................................................................................................... 134 Chapter Eight: Research Participants’ Perspectives on Decision-Making in Kenya .... 136 Perspectives on the general nature of decision-making in Kenya ..................................... 136 Perspectives on how decision-makers were chosen ........................................................... 138 Perspectives on the importance of ordinary people’s participation ................................... 140 Perspectives on barriers to ordinary people’s participation ............................................... 142 How ordinary people prefer to participate in decision-making processes ......................... 146 Participants’ perspectives on the roles of organisations in facilitating dialogue for active participation in decision-making processes ............................................................. 159 Researcher’s summary of research participants views ...................................................... 167 Chapter Nine: Theorising Public Policy Dialogue ............................................................ 169 Public policy dialogue and participatory democracy ......................................................... 169 Public policy dialogue and social justice ........................................................................... 175 ii Chapter Ten: The Role of the Anglican Church of Kenya in Facilitating Public Policy Dialogue for Socially-Inclusive Public Policy Making in Kenya ...................... 182 Power to Define Public Issues and Problems .................................................................... 190 The Anglican Church Accompanying People at the Margins ............................................ 203 Chapter Eleven: Socially-Inclusive Public Policy Making Processes are Dialogical and Participatory ............................................................................................................. 209 Towards an Improved Process of Participation in Policy-Making: Public Policy Dialogue ............................................................................................................................. 210 Research Question Revisited ............................................................................................. 214 Research Contribution ......................................................................................................
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