1897. Congressional Reoord-Senate. 723

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

1897. Congressional Reoord-Senate. 723 1897. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. 723 By Mr. STURTEVANT: Petition of citizens of Meadville, Pa., and skins being removed from the free list in tbe pending tariff favoring a monetary commission-to the Committee on Banking bill; which was referred to the Committee on Finance. and Currency. He also presented the petition of E. M. Brown and 7 other citi­ By Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH: Protest of John Strigel, presi­ zens of Quincy, Mich., fraying for the passage of Senate bill No. dent, and Kate Doody, secretary, of the Council of Trades and 478 1 making it unlawfu for any person or persons to sell or give Labor Unions, of Detmit, Mich., against the passage of House bill away, with or without meals, any kind of intoxicating liquors No. 30, or any similar bill; also same protest from Charles J. Euth either in the Capitol building, in the District of Columbia, or on et al., of same place; also same protest from the common council any grounds owned or controlled by the United States Govern­ of Detroit, Mich.; also same from B. Wallace and others, of ment; which was referred to the Committee on Public Buildings Grand Rapids, Mich.-to the Committee on Interstate and For­ and Grounds. eign Commerce. Mr. McMILLAN presented a memorial of Garment Makers' Local Union No. 74, United Garment Makers of America, of Detroit, Mich., remonstrating against the enactment of legislation SENATE. intended to destroy the present system of ticket brokerage; which was referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. THURSDAY, April 15, 1897. He also pres.ented a petition of 57 citizens of Grand Rapids, Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. · Mich., and a petition of 79merchants,manufacturers, and bankers The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. of Detroit, Mich., praying Congress to authorize the President of the United States to appoint a monetary commission as proposed ADJOURNMENT TO MONDAY. by the Indianapolis (Ind.) monetary convention; which were re­ Mr. GORMAN. To-morrow being Good Friday, I move that ferred to the Committee on Finance. when the Senate adjourn to-day it be to meet on Monday next. He also presented sundry petitions of citizens and taxpayers of Mr. HOAR. I hope the Senator from Maryland will not press Bay City and West Bay City, in the State of Michigan, praying that motion in the present state of the business of the Senate. that a duty not to exceed $1 per thousand feet be- placed on rough Mr. GORMAN. I will state that to-morrow is Good Friday, pine lumber in the pending tariff bill, and that pine logs be ad­ and we should not be in session then. It is always customary for mitted free of duty; which were referred to the Committee on the Senate to adjourn over on that day. Finance. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the motion of the He also presented sundry petitions of owners of pine, hemlock, Senator from "Maryland, that when the Senate adjourn to-day it basswood, and other kinds of standing timber, operators of plan­ be to meet on Monday next. ing mills, manufacturers of lumber and shingles, and dealers in The motion was agreed to. lumber, praying that the lumber schedule in the pending tariff bill as recommended by the Ways and Means Committee of the 1 PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. House of Representatives be adopted; which were referred to the Mr. MORGAN presented the petition of William H. Barritt, Committee on Finance. late second lieutenant, Company A, Fourth Michigan Volunteer Mr. TURPIE presented a petition of the facu1ty of Concordia Infantry, and sundry other citizens of Perry County, Ala., pray- College, Fort Wayne, Ind., praying that books, engravings, photo­ ing tha~ an appropriation be made for the payment of the claim graphs, etc., be placed on the free list in the pending tariff bill; of the Methodist Publishing House at Nashville, Tenn.; which which was referred to the Committee on Finance. was ordered to lie on the table. He also presented sundry petitions of business men, manufac- Mr. HARRIS of Kansas presented a memorial of sundry citi- turers, and merchants of Indiana, praying for the enactment of zens of Salina, Atchison, Herington, McPherson, and Smolan, all legislation creating certain reforms in our national currency and in the State of Kansas, remonstrating against the enactment of banking laws and authorizing the President of the United States legislation intended to destroy the present system of t icket bro- to appoint a commission as proposed by the Indianapolis (Ind.) )rerage; which was referred to the Committee on Interstate Com- monetary convention; which were referred to the Committee on inerce. Finance. Mr. BURROWS presented a petition of 420 citizens of Bay City He also presented a memorial of sundry producers and shippers and West Bay City, in the State of .Michigan, praying that a of bituminous coal in Ohio and Pennsylvania, remonstrating tariff not to exceed ·$1 per thousand feet be placed on lumber in against an increase of duty on bituminous coal in the pending the pending tariff bill and that pine logs be admitted free of duty; tariff bill: which was referred to the Committee on Finance. which was referred to the Committee on Finance. Mr. MILLS presented sundry petitions of citizens of Texa.s, pray- He also presented a petition of the Pere Marquette Lumber ing for the enactment of legislation creating certain reforms in Company and 7 other firms manufacturing lumber at Ludington, our national currency and banking laws, and also authorizing the Mich., praying that a duty of not less than $2 per thousand feet President of the United States to appoint a commission as pro­ be placed upon rough lumber in the pending tariff bill; which was posed by the Indianapolis (Ind.) monetary convention; which were referred to the Committee on Finance. referred to the Committee on Finance. He also presented the.petition of John Ryland and 9 other lum- Mr. WELLINGTON presented a petition of sundry citizens of her manufacturers of lflichigan, praying for the adoption of the Baltimore, Md., and a petition of sundry merchants, manufactur­ lumber schedule in the pending tariff bill as passed by the House ers, bankers,' and professional men of Baltimore, Md., praying of Representatives, and remonsb·ating against any rebate on lum- Congress to authorize the President of the United States to ap­ ber coming from Canada and made into packing boxes for the ex- point a commission as proposed by the Indianapolis (Ind.) moue- port trade; which was referred to the Committee on Finance. tary conventiop; which were referred to the Committee on Finance. He also presented the petition of J. S. Stearns and 5 other lum- Mr. VEST presented the memorial of N. M.. Fitzgerrell and her manufacturers of Ludington, Mich., praying that a duty of sundry other citizens of Missouri, remonstrating against the not less than 52 per thousand feet be placed on rough lumber and enactment of legislation intended to destroy the present system of not less than35 cents per thousand on shingles in the pending tar- ticket brokerage; which was referred to the Committee on Inter- iff bill; which was referred to the Committee on Finance. state Commerce. He also presented the petition of Herman Stetzke and 82 other Mr. PLATT of New York presented a petition of sundry citizens laboring men of Ludington, Mich., and elsewhere in the State, of New York, praying for the enactment of legislation creating cer­ :who earn their living by producing lumber and shingles, praying tain reforms in our national currency and banking laws, and a1so for the enactment of legislation providing a two-dollar rate upon authorizing the President of the United States to appoint a com­ lumber and a 35-cent rate on shingles; which was referred to the mission as proposed by the Indianapolis (Ind.) monetary conven- Committee on Finance. tion; which was referred to the Committee on Finance. He also presented memorials of James Monroe and 147 other He also presented a petition of Spencer&Co.,importers,ofNew citizens of Kalamazoo; of S. S. Lester and 105 other citizens of York City, representing manufacturers of confectionery in New Detroit; <;>f Detroit Typographical Union, No. 18, of Detroit, and York G'ity, Boston, and other cities of the United States, and a of sundry· other trades unions and associations, all in the State petition of sundry manufacturers of confectionery in the United pf Michigan, remonstrating against the enactment of legislation Stat.es, relative to the rate of duty on imported nuts; which were intended to destroy the present system of ticket brokerage; which referred to the Committee on Finance. were referred to tb,e Committee on Interstate Commerce. Mr. PASCO presented the memorial of F. B. Genovar and 105 He also pres~nted the petition of N; ~· Bradl~y ~nd 67 other citi- other citizens of. St.. Au~ustine, Fla., remonstrating against the zens of Bay City, MICh., and the petition of William H. Eastman enactment of legiSlatiOn mtended to destroythepresent system of and 57 other citizens of G1·and Rapids, Mich., praying Congress to ticket brokerage; which was referred to the Committee on Inter­ authorize the President <;>f the United States to appC>int a monetary state Commerce. commission as proposed by the Indianapolis (Ind.) monetary con-~ He also presented the petition of 643 cigar manufacturers and vention; which wer~ referred to the Committee on Finance. makers of Key West, Fla., praying that a duty of $2.50 be placed He also presented a memorial o£ the Cappon & Bertsch Leather on wrappers and 35 cents on fillers in the pending tariff bill; which Company, of Holland, Mich., remonstrating against foreign hides was referred to the Committee on Finance.
Recommended publications
  • Challenge Bowl 2020
    Notice: study guide will be updated after the December general election. Sponsored by the Muscogee (Creek) Nation Challenge Bowl 2020 High School Study Guide Sponsored by the Challenge Bowl 2020 Muscogee (Creek) Nation Table of Contents A Struggle To Survive ................................................................................................................................ 3-4 1. Muscogee History ......................................................................................................... 5-30 2. Muscogee Forced Removal ........................................................................................... 31-50 3. Muscogee Customs & Traditions .................................................................................. 51-62 4. Branches of Government .............................................................................................. 63-76 5. Muscogee Royalty ........................................................................................................ 77-79 6. Muscogee (Creek) Nation Seal ...................................................................................... 80-81 7. Belvin Hill Scholarship .................................................................................................. 82-83 8. Wilbur Chebon Gouge Honors Team ............................................................................. 84-85 9. Chronicles of Oklahoma ............................................................................................... 86-97 10. Legends & Stories ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Choctaw Nation and the Dawes Commission
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1954 The Choctaw Nation and the Dawes Commission Jeanne Francis Moore Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Moore, Jeanne Francis, "The Choctaw Nation and the Dawes Commission" (1954). Master's Theses. 1157. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/1157 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1954 Jeanne Francis Moore THE CHOCTAW INDIANS AND THE DAWES COMMISSION by ;' Sister. Jeanne Francis Moore A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate Scnoo1 of Loyola University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts June 1954 --------._-------------,------_.. -.. ,._-- \ LIFE Sister Jeanne Francis Moore was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, , May 20, 1906. ; She was graduated from the Saint John Acad.~, Indianapolis, IndianaI June 20, 1923 and entered the novitiate of the Sisters of Providence Q~ Septem-~ ber 7, 1923. She received her degree of Bachelor of Arts from Saint Mar.y-of- the-Woods College in June, 1942. From 1926 to 1942 she taught in the elementar.y parochial schools of Chicago, Illinois; Fort Wayne, Indiana; Washington, D.C. After receiving her degree she taught at the Immaculata Seminar.y in Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes
    University of Oklahoma College of Law University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons American Indian and Alaskan Native Documents in the Congressional Serial Set: 1817-1899 12-10-1894 Report of Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/indianserialset Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons Recommended Citation S. Misc. Doc. No. 24, 53rd Cong., 3rd Sess. (1894) This Senate Miscellaneous Document is brought to you for free and open access by University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Indian and Alaskan Native Documents in the Congressional Serial Set: 1817-1899 by an authorized administrator of University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 53D CONG!mss, } · SENATE. f Mrs. Doo. 3d Session. t No. 24. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STA'l1ES. ---------- DECEMBER 10, 1894.-Resolved, That the Report of the Commission appointed to negotiate with the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians, known as the Dawes Commis­ sion, which report is attached to the Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior as Appendix B, be printed as a Senate document. Attest: WM. R. Cox, Secretary. B. REPORT OF THE COMMISSION TO THE .FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES. WASHINGTON, D. C., Nove1nber 20, 1894. SIR: The Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes, appointed under the sixteenth section of an act of Congress making appropriations for the Indian service, approved March 3, 1893, report what progress has thus far been made by it~ Immediately upon receiving their instructions they entered upon their work and made their headquarters, on reaching the Territory, at Muskogee, in the Creek Nation, removing it in March to South McAlester, in the Choctaw Nation, where it still remains.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnology of the Yuchi Indians
    ii: iff m Class. PKKSKNTKl) m UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM ^OL. I NO. 1 ETHNOLOGY OF THE YUCHI INDIANS BY FRANK G. SPECK DissertatJon presented to the Faculty of the University of Pennsylvania for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy i'ii.i_^ij...i:ruiA PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM w I UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM VOL. I. NO. 1. ETHNOLOGY OF THE YUCHI INDIANS BY FRANK G. SPECK GEORGE LEIB HARRISON FELLOW IN ANTHROPOLOGY PHILADELPHIA PUBLISHED BV THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM 1909 Cll Gift The Uaiveraity 28 '0& CONTENTS. PAGE INTRODUCTION 5 THE YUCHI INDIANS 6 HISTORICAL SKETCH 7 POPULATION 9 ENVIRONMENT 11 Neighbors 11 Natural Environment 13 LANGUAGE 15 MATERIAL CULTURE 18 Agriculture 18 Hunting 19 Fishing 23 Pottery and Work in Clay 25 Basket Making 31 Other Occupations 34 Houses 37 Domestic Utensils 41 Food and its Preparation 42 Dress and Ornament 46 DECORATIVE ART AND SYMBOLISM 54 MUSIC 61 DIVISION OF TIME 67 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 68 Kinship 68 The Clans 70 crimes and punishments 73 The Societies 74 (3) 4 CON'TKXTS. I'AGi: SOt'lAl. AND POLITICAL ORGANIZATION.—Continued. The Town and Town Square 78 Town Officials and Council 81 WARFARE 84 GAMES 86 CUSTOMS 91 Birth 91 Naming 93 rl\rriage 95 Initiation 96 Menstruation 96 Burial 97 Miscellaneous 99 HELIGION 102 Religious Beliefs and Folklore 102 Symbolism of the Town Square Ill Ceremonies 112 The Annual Town Ceremonies 116 NEW fire rite 120 scarification rite 121 the rite of the emetic 122 dancing 124 Treatment of Disease 132 shamanism 132 ceremonies 135 AMULETS 137 MYTHOLOGY 138 SUPPLEMENTARY MYTHS 143 ETHNOLOGY OF THE YUCHI INDIANS.
    [Show full text]
  • UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT for the DISTRICT of COLUMBIA the CHEROKEE NATION, Plaintiff
    Case 1:13-cv-01313-TFH Document 248 Filed 08/30/17 Page 1 of 78 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA THE CHEROKEE NATION, Plaintiff/ Counter Defendant, v. RAYMOND NASH, et al., Defendants/ Counter Claimants/ Cross Claimants, --and-- Civil Action No. 13-01313 (TFH) MARILYN VANN, et al., Intervenor Defendants/ Counter Claimants/ Cross Claimants, --and-- RYAN ZINKE, SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR, AND THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Counter Claimants/ Cross Defendants. MEMORANDUM OPINION Although it is a grievous axiom of American history that the Cherokee Nation’s narrative is steeped in sorrow as a result of United States governmental policies that marginalized Native American Case 1:13-cv-01313-TFH Document 248 Filed 08/30/17 Page 2 of 78 Indians and removed them from their lands,1 it is, perhaps, lesser known that both nations’ chronicles share the shameful taint of African slavery.2 This lawsuit harkens back a century-and-a-half ago to a treaty entered into between the United States and the Cherokee Nation in the aftermath of the Civil War. In that treaty, the Cherokee Nation promised that “never here-after shall either slavery or involuntary servitude exist in their nation” and “all freedmen who have been liberated by voluntary act of their former owners or by law, as well as all free colored persons who were in the country at the commencement of the rebellion, and are now residents therein, or who may return within six months, and their descendants, shall have all the rights of native Cherokees .
    [Show full text]
  • Researching Native Americans at the National Archives in Atlanta
    Researching Individual Native Americans at the National Archives at Atlanta National Archives at Atlanta 5780 Jonesboro Road Morrow, GA 30260 770-968-2100 www.archives.gov/southeast E-Mail: [email protected] Spring, 2009 Researching Individual Native Americans at the National Archives at Atlanta Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Tribal Association ............................................................................................................................ 1 Race .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Tribal Membership ........................................................................................................................... 2 Textual Records ............................................................................................................................... 2 Native American Genealogy ............................................................................................................ 3 Published Resources ......................................................................................................................... 3 Online Resources ............................................................................................................................. 4 Dawes Commission ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Narrative of the Life of Mrs Mary Jemison: Rhetorical Drag and the Defiance of Hegemonic Cultural Models
    ATLANTIS. Journal of the Spanish Association of Anglo-American Studies. 32.1 (June 2010): 73–86 ISSN 0210-6124 A Narrative of the Life of Mrs Mary Jemison: Rhetorical Drag and the Defiance of Hegemonic Cultural Models Elena Ortells Montón Universitat Jaume I de Castelló [email protected] In 1758, Mary Jemison was captured by a party of Indians and adopted by two Seneca sisters. She progressively accommodated herself to Indian life, married two Indian warriors and bore them several children. Sixty-five years after her abduction, the woman agreed to tell James E. Seaver the story of her life. My goal is to use Lorrayne Carroll’s rhetorical drag as a hermeneutic to analyze authorial impersonation in A Narrative of the Life of Mrs Mary Jemison, to underline the failure of the white male impersonator to marginalize the speaking voice of the narrative and to highlight the capacity of the I object/subject to destabilize canonical readings of the text and to offer a revisionist history of cross-cultural encounters. Thus, it is my intention to present this account as an instrument of defiance of hegemonic cultural models and as an example of how intercultural manifestations negotiate and hybridise fixed paradigms. Keywords: Mary Jemison/Dehgewanus; rhetorical drag; captivity narratives; Indian autobiographies Relato de la Vida de Mary Jemison: La Máscara Retórica y el Desafío de los Modelos Culturales Hegemónicos En 1758, Mary Jemison fue capturada por un grupo de indios y adoptada por dos hermanas Seneca. Poco a poco, Mary se fue adaptando a la vida india y acabó casándose con dos guerreros indios con los que tuvo varios hijos.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Race Ideology in Constructing Native American Identity
    Tribal Kulturkampf: The Role of Race Ideology in Constructing Native American Identity Carla D. Pratt∗ I. INTRODUCTION “Law is embroiled in the politics of identity. It names parties, defines their speech and conduct, and assigns their rights and duties. Its judgments declare, enjoin, and award the tangible and intangible benefits of race and racial privilege.”1 Law has been deeply involved in the politics of defining racial identity. The rule of hypo-descent,2 also known as the “one-drop rule,” was codified as law in many states in an effort to define the group of people who were black and therefore subject to the deprivation of liberty through the institution of slavery and later subject to social, economic, and educational subjugation through Jim Crow. Although the rule has been repealed from the statutory compilations of law in those states that once had such a rule, it continues to operate on a cognitive and cultural level in American law and society. On a social and cultural level, most Americans still perceive anyone with known African ancestry and the skin coloration, hair texture, or facial features that serve as evidence ∗ Assistant Professor of Law, Pennsylvania State University, Dickinson School of Law. This Essay was inspired by many of the presentations at the Ninth Annual LatCrit Conference, Villanova University School of Law, Villanova, Pa., Apr. 29, 2004–May 2, 2004, with particular inspiration being derived from the comments and writings of Professor Tanya Hernandez whose work in the area of Latina-Latino identity demonstrates how a race ideology that esteems whiteness and denigrates blackness has operated to construct Latina-Latino identity in a way that ultimately serves to advance the interests of white supremacy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Final Conquest COURTS and PRISONS
    Chapter 13 The Final Conquest COURTS AND PRISONS. Prior to 1896, there were no courts in Indi- an Territory with authority over white people. As the number of whites in the area increased, this became a problem. Therefore, in 1871, the Unit- ed States District Court at Fort Smith, Arkansas, was given authority to try cases from Indian Ter- ritory involving whites, as well as cases in which Indians were charged with violating federal laws. For those who were convicted and sentenced to prison terms, facilities for incarceration were leased from the federal prison at Leavenworth, Kansas. The court was many miles from all but the easternmost settlements in Indian Territory. Sometimes the greatest problem in bringing a lawbreaker to justice was getting him to court. If a criminal made it to court, and if he was con- victed of a crime, the new problem was getting him to prison. Many men and a few women died on the trail to Fort Smith or Leavenworth. Some were law officers; some were suspects or convicted criminals. However, considering the length of the journeys and the opportunities for escape, it is probably surprising that anyone ever made it alive. Judge Isaac C. Parker THE HANGING JUDGE. Judge Isaac Parker was appointed to the Fort Smith court in 1875. Appalled at the crime rate in the Territory, he began to assess high penalties for breaking the law. In his twenty-one years on the bench in Fort Smith, he imposed punishment on 9,000 con- victed criminals, including eighty eight who were sentenced to death by hanging.
    [Show full text]
  • Captivating Emotions: Sentiment and the Work of Rhetorical Drag in Colonial and Early National Captivity Narrative
    University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks Dissertations and Theses @ UNI Student Work 2009 Captivating emotions: Sentiment and the work of rhetorical drag in colonial and early national captivity narrative Gleidson Gouveia University of Northern Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©2009 Glenidson Gouveia Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd Recommended Citation Gouveia, Gleidson, "Captivating emotions: Sentiment and the work of rhetorical drag in colonial and early national captivity narrative" (2009). Dissertations and Theses @ UNI. 556. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd/556 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses @ UNI by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CAPTIVATING EMOTIONS: SENTIMENT AND THE WORK OF RHETORICAL DRAG IN COLONIAL AND EARLY NATIONAL CAPTIVITY NARRATIVE An Abstract of a Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Gleidson Gouveia University of Northern Iowa July 2009 ABSTRACT Captivity narrative, the American genre initiated early in the seventeenth century, tells the story of Europeans abducted by Native Americans in the New England frontier. These texts, however, do not simply tell the subjects' experiences of confinement among the Indians but reveal important relations of power, religion, and politics that took place in Early America. This work analyzes the captivity narratives of Mary Rowlandson, Mary Swarton, John Williams, Mary Jemison, and John Tanner to understand how their experiences were appropriated by third parties in order to meet religious and political ends of their respective times.
    [Show full text]
  • Allotment in Indian Territory: Student Reading
    ALLOTMENT IN INDIAN TERRITORY: STUDENT READING Allotment was the U.S. government’s policy of dividing up communally owned tribal land into individually owned pieces of private property. There were several reasons why advocates for allotment supported the policy. First, many White Americans considered Native American ways of life, including their collective use of land, to be “backward,” believing that individual ownership of private property was an essential element of “civilization” or the assimilation of Native peoples. Second, many thought that Native Americans had too much land and would rather see their lands opened up for White settlement and industries such as railroads, mining, and forestry. Additionally, as Oklahoma and Indian territories were being prepared for statehood, allotment would dissolve the authority of tribal governments and change land ownership from communal to private. Both of those conditions were necessary to turn Indian and Oklahoma territories into a state. Advocates for allotment eventually succeeded in persuading the U.S. government to adopt the policy. In 1887, Congress passed the General Allotment Act, which also became known as the Dawes Act. It was named for Senator Henry Dawes, an ardent supporter of allotment. The Dawes Act allowed tribal land to be surveyed and the area divided into individual parcels that were usually 160 acres or less. Individual Native Americans either were permitted to select pieces of land (personal allotments) for themselves and their children or were assigned tracts by the U.S. government. After designating all necessary allotments, the U.S. government could purchase any land that remained unassigned. As a result, millions of acres were either ceded or sold to the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Euchee (Yuchi) Tribe of Indians Tribal Website(S): Http
    OKLAHOMA INDIAN TRIBE EDUCATION GUIDE Euchee Tribe of Indians (Oklahoma Social Studies Standards, OSDE) Tribe: Euchee (Yuchi) Tribe of Indians Tribal website(s): http//www.eucheetribe.com 1. Migration/movement/forced removal Oklahoma History C3 Standard 2.3 “Integrate visual and textual evidence to explain the reasons for and trace the migrations of Native American peoples including the Five Tribes into present-day Oklahoma, the Indian Removal Act of 1830, and tribal resistance to the forced relocations.” Oklahoma History C3 Standard 2.7 “Compare and contrast multiple points of view to evaluate the impact of the Dawes Act which resulted in the loss of tribal communal lands and the redistribution of lands by various means including land runs as typified by the Unassigned Lands and the Cherokee Outlet, lotteries, and tribal allotments.” Original Homeland –present-day southeastern United States including Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama Location in Oklahoma – Northeastern Oklahoma, Tulsa and Creek Counties The Yuchi (often also spelled Euchee) are an American Indian people of Oklahoma whose original homelands were in the present southeastern United States. At first contact with Europeans they resided in autonomous communities found in what is now eastern Tennessee, but during the colonial period they established settlements throughout the southeastern United States. The Spanish explorer, Hernando De Soto, and his expedition first encountered the Euchee (Yuchi) people in the mountainous areas of Tennessee around 1540. They were forced from that area by the Shawnee and Cherokee Indians where the Euchee fled into what is now Georgia and Alabama. They later joined a loosely organized confederacy already established in the Southeast prior to the arrival of the Muskogean tribes.
    [Show full text]