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SALU'te to SUSANNA by Franlt Balter

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SALU'te to SUSANNA by Franlt Balter SALU'TE TO SUSANNA By Franlt Balter Susanna Wesley was a daughter of the Puritans. She was born on January 20, 1669, according to tl1e Old Style calendar, or January 31, if we reck:on by our New Style calendar introduced ten years after her death in 1742. Her father was Samuel Annesley (c.1620- 1696), nicknamed "the St. Paul of the Nonconformists." With the restoration of King Charles II in 1660, the Church of England again became episcopalian following the Puritan Commonwealth under Oliver Crom,vell and his son Richard. Annesley's conscience would not allow him to accept the Boole of Common P'rayer as revised in 1662, whereupon with two thousand other Puritan clergy, mostly Presbyterians like himself, he suffered ejection from the Church of England. Financially he suffered far more than most, for tl1e Lord Protector himself had presented him to the extremely wealthy living1 of St. Giles, 1Cripplegate, Londo11, where lie buried Martin Frobisl1er the traveler, John Foxe the martyrologist, and John Milton the poet. Over the objections of some of his parishioners the presentation was confirmed by the new king; but conscience was ·•- more powerful still. Braving persecution, Annesley organized the largest Presbyterian congregation in London, numbering eight hundred members-an illegal '"conventicle" for the holding of which his remaining personal property was confiscated.2 Eventually the congregation was licensed under the terms of the Declaration of Indulgence in 1672, and was the center for the first public ordination of Nonconformist ministers (during an eight-hour service) in 1694. This was at Little St. Helens in Bishopsgate. DAUGHTER OF THE PURITANS Off Bishopsgate was Spital Square, in which still stands the five-storied brick home where Susa1ma was born, now o"rned by the Women's Fellowship of the Metl1odist Church. Samuel Annesley made his mark not only as a revered Puritan divine but as tl1e father of a large family. When baptizing one of lus children another well known Puritan leader, Thomas Manton (1620-1677) , asked how many children he had altogether, to wllich Annesley replied that he "believed it was two dozen, or a quarter of a hw1dred.'' 3 Although it is almost impossible to reach the full facts, twenty-five seems to have remained tl1e grand total, witl1. Susa1u1a the last. For those who thinlc witl1 pity of his poor wife, I should soften. tl1e blow. He had tvvo ,vives, having one child by his first ,vife, so that hi~~ second was tl1e motl1er of 011ly twenty-four! T,vo of Susanna's older sisters 1narried well k:novv11 characters of the time the eccen­ tric bookseller ,John Dunton, a.11d (if a some,vhat doubtful tradition 1 Adam Clarke, Memoirs of fh•e Wesley : John Stoughton, History of Religion in Family, 4th edn. {London: Tegg, 1860), I. England (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 367. It was worth 700 pounds; a country 1901), III, 386. curute might receive 20 or 30. :t Clarke, op. cit., I, 381. 4 METHODIST HISTORY is correct) the famous writer Daniel Defoe, who was certainly an appreciative member of Annesley's congregation.4 · As well as being scholarly, courageous, friendly, and patient under many sufferings, Samuel Annesley was a striking man of handsome, aristocratic appearance he was, indeed, nephew to the Earl of Anglesey. Undoubtedly Susanna o~red much to him both in appear­ ance and in character, and her mind was both trained by her father and stimulated by his learned colleagues. She may indeed sometimes have been a little bored by their long-wi11ded sermonizings. Like her elder sister Elizabeth, however, she became something of a theolo­ gian, able to cross the devotional t's and dot the casuistical i's of the Puritan scholars who thronged their hon1e, and whom she was called upon to entertain. ]VIany of them must have remarked the unusual combination in his youngest child-both beauty and brains, added to calm competence! 5 Susanna Annesley put her brains to what seemed an ex­ traordinary use. Apparently before her thirteenth birthday in 1682, although she deeply respected her father and all that he stood for, she had determined to desert Nonconformity for the Church of England. In her enthusiastic loyalty for the Divine Right of Kings she joined forces with those who regarded King Charles I, executed twenty years before her birth, as "the royal martyr." These loyal ones continued to observe the anniversary of that occasion, January 30, as a day of fasting in accordance with the new Prayer Book. As so often l1appens with enthusiastic converts, Susanna became an extremist in her churchmansl1ip, allied to the Non-Jurors who were later squeezed out of the right wing of tl1e church as the Non­ conformists had been expelled from the left. Thus this young daughter of the Puritans put her religious independe11cy to thoroughly independent use. It was in that same year of 1682 that John Dunton married her sister Elizabeth. Present at the wedding was Samuel \Vesley, a young student preparing for the dissenting ministry at Charles Morton's Dissenting Academy in Newington Green, where he was a fellow-student of Daniel Defoe. (Three years later Morton was so distressed by persecution that he emigrated to America, where he became the first vice president of Harvard College; he died in 1697.) 6 Samuel was seven years older than Susanna, but they found themselves to be kindred spirits. Already he also had some doubts about the rightness of the Dissenters' position, and a few months of careful study of the controversy at Oxford in 1683 convinced him that he also must join the Cl1urch of England, and thus be able officially to matriculate at the university, whicl1 l1e did in 1684.7 The year of the Glorious Revolution in England, 1688, was a noteworthy one for Samuel and Susa1111a perso11ally. !11 Ju11e ----- ' Dictionary of National Biography, '1 H. A. Beecham, "Samuel Wesley, article, "Defoe, Daniel." Senior," in Renaissance and J\1odern i Clarke, op. cit., I, 396-8; II, 132. Studies, Vol. \ 1II, 78-109 (Nottingham, • Dictionary of National Biography, 1963), especially pp. 85, 103-5. article, "Morton, Charles." SALUTE TO SUSANNA 5 Samuel graduated at Oxford; in August he was ordained deacon by the bisl1op of Rochester, and was then unexpectedly offered a temporary appointment as curate of St. Botolph, Aldersgate, to replace one in distant Cornwall. This gave him the opportunity to marry Susanna in the parish church of St. Marylebone o,n November 12,. Later l1e had to admit that the marriage was somewhat improvi­ dent, their only excuse being tl1eir ''most passionate love," though l1e added, "all the hardships I have yet ever suffered or still do or may can never make me repent it." 8 In order to take care of his new responsibilities Samuel Wesley accepted appointment as a navy chaplain, leaving Susanna living at her old home. There on February 20, 1690, she gave birth to their first child, called Samuel after his father, who had returned to London a few weeks earlier from a terrible six months at sea. After several months of a some­ what makeshift existence, during which he considered accepting a chaplaincy in Virgi11ia, in the summer of 1691 Wesley received the living of South Ormsby in Lincolnsl1ire. In 1695 he was presented to the more lucrative livi11g of Epworth in the same county. More lucrative, but only a fraction of tl1e value of that given up by his father-in-law at St. Giles, and one which never relieved Susanna .,. Wesley from most of the problems of being the wife of an un,doubted­ ly loving but not too practical husband, and the mother of his many children.0 MATERNAL DISCIPLINE AND DEVOTION Susanna Wesley gave birth to her first child in 1690, a few weeks after her twenty-first birthday. Her last came twenty years later, almost to the month. Although no one has been able to accumulate full biographical details of all her children, and although Samuel Wesley certainly lost count of them, it seems fairly certain that they had nineteen altogether-nineteen in tvventy years. It is perhaps needless to add that neither had heard of family planning. Between 1690 and 1710 never a year seems to have passed without her beginning or ending a pregnancy, though during several years she was free for many months at a time. This is explained by the fact that she (or her husband) believed in mass production. Susanna brought forth no fewer than tl1ree sets of twins, in 1694, 1699, and 1701. Of these six children, however, all but one died in infancy. The exception, Anne, married a land surveyor of Epworth, and their d.aughter Ann in h,er turn married a sea captai11 from New York, John Jarvis-strangely enough one of tl1e founders of John Street Methodist Church there, where at least one of A11.n's children was baptized.1° Four otl1ers of Susanna's children died in i11fancy or were stillborn, leaving l1er witl1 ten cl1ildren to rear-three boy·s and seven girls. (As was even more tl1e custom i11 tl1ose days tha11 in these, most of the rearing was in fact left to tl1e motl1er.) 8 .Ibid., 106. 89-92, where by error it is assumed that • Ibid., 87 •90, 107-8. it was Wesley's sister instead of his 10 Preceedings ol the Wesley Historical niece who married Jarvis. 0 Society (henceforth ''W.H.S. ), Vol. XIX, 6 METHODIST I-IISTORY As we ha,re said, Susanna was a11 educated and thoughtful young woman and had her own ideas about raising children, some of which she had derived from the philosopher John Locke.
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