898 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

The first pair of antennas is scarcely as long as the ophthalmopod, and terminates in two subequal flagella, the outer of which is slightly larger than the inner. The peduncle which supports them is about half the length of the ophthalmopod ; the first joint is very long and the other two are short. The second pair of antennas has a scaphocerite that is a little shorter than the peduncle of the first pair, rounded at the extremity, and has the inner margin fringed with hairs; the flagellum is longer than the scaphocerite. The mandible has no synaphipod; the psalistoma is long and distally serrate, and the molar tubercle is robust. The supplementary oral appendages have not been accurately determined. The first pair of gnathopoda is short and subpediform, but all the other appendages of the pereion with their ecphyses are broken off, but the remaining joints of the posterior pair indicate a larger organ than those anterior to it. The pleopoda, except the first, which is single, are developed as short biramous appendages ; the posterior pair is about once and a half as long as the telson.

Eretmocaris stylorostris, n. sp. (PI. CXLV. fig. 3). Carapace one-fourth the length of the , dorsally armed on the frontal region with a sharply pointed tooth, and anteriorly produced to a smooth rostrum that is about one-third the length of the carapace. Pleon dorsally smooth ; sixth somite twice the length of the fifth. Telson two-thirds the length of the sixth somite. Ophthalmopoda once and a half as long as the carapace. First pair of antennas about half the length of the animal. Second pair of antennas having the scaphocerite subequal with the length of the peduncle of the first pair. Appendages of the pereion long and cylindrical; each being furnished with long basecphyses. Length, entire, ...... 4 mm. (0*2 in.). , of carapace, 1 , of pleon, 3 , of ophthalmopod, . 1-5 „ of 6ret antenna, . 2-2 „ of scaphocerite, . . 1-4 „ of sixth somite of pleon, , 1-4 „ of telson, , 07 Habitat.—April 26, 1876 ; off Cape Verde Islands ; taken at the surface.

The carapace is about one-fourth the length of the animal, armed on the dorso-frontal region with a strong horizontally directed tooth, and anteriorly produced to a long and REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 899 slender styliform rostrum; the frontal margin does not appear to be armed with a supraorbital or other tooth, and the fronto-lateral angle does not project beyond a right angle. The pleon has the anterior five somites subequal in length, the third is slightly the longest, and overlaps the fourth on the dorsal surface, but it is not projected to a tooth ; the sixth somite is as long as the preceding two, and the telson is about half the length of the sixth somite. The ophthalmopoda are longer than the carapace, and at the base between them is a large orbicular lobe that is furnished at the posterior portion with a distinct ocellus; they are biarticulate, the first joint is a long and slender cylindrical stalk, supporting at its extremity an equally long and pear-shaped segment, at the extremity of which is the rounded facetted ophthalmus. The first pair of antennje is more than half the length of the animal, and terminates in two unequal flagella; the outer is the more robust, and is furnished with numerous sensory cilia, the inner being slender and longer; the peduncle is longer than the ophthalmopod, and slightly curves towards the distal extremity, the first joint is very long, the second is short, and the third still shorter, all being cylindrical. The second pair of antennae supports a scaphocerite that is nearly as long as the ophthalmopod ; it is distallj7 rounded, and the inner margin is fringed with hairs. The mandibles do not carry a synaphipod, but are furnished with a serrate psalistoma and a strong molar prominence; this organ lies closely impacted between the anterior and posterior labia. The supplementary oral appendages are small, and have not been closely examined as the specimen is unique. The first pair of gnathopoda is short, pediform, and tolerably robust, but I could not be certain that it carries a basecphysis. The second pair is long, slender, and six-jointed, and terminates in a short sharp- pointed dactylos, and the basis carries a long ecphysis. The pereiopoda are formed on the same type as the second pair of gnathopoda. They are all six-jointed and cylindrical; the basis is comparatively long, and the ischium and meros appear to be united ; the carpos is shorter, but proportionately longer than usual, the propodos is short, and the dactylos is short, pointed, and terminates in a small bristle. They are all furnished with a basecphysis, which is slender and subequal in length with the respective pereiopod, excepting the penultimate pair, in which it is not more than one-third its length. The fifth or ultimate pair of pereiopoda in this , as in all the specimens of the other species, is broken off at the basisal joint, which from its large size (although in this species it is not so large as in some others) indicates that this appendage is of some peculiar significance in relation to the animal. The pleopoda are not yet present, but traces of their development appear at the 900 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. margins of the fourth and fifth somites, while the anterior show no evidence of their presence, but the ventral surface in the median line of each somite is inferiorly lobed, and a mass of neural substance appears to be lodged in each. The sixth pair of pleopoda is unequally biramose, and extends beyond the telson for half its length.

Eretmocaris corniger, n. sp. (PL CXLV. fig. 4).

Carapace one-fourth the length of the animal, dorsally arnied with a strong tooth on the gastric region, anteriorly produced to a rostrum, which is broken short off in this the only specimen obtained. Pleon having a horn-like tooth on the dorsal surface of the third somite, curving anteriorly. Telson as long as the sixth joint. Ophthalmopoda as long as the carapace. Scaphocerite longer than the ophthalmopod. Appendages of the pereion having the basecphyses subequal with the pereiopoda.

Lengl entire, .... 7 mm. (3 in.). of carapace, 1-5 „ of rostrum (broken), 2 „ of pleoD, .... 5'5 „ of third somite of pleon, 0-8 „ of sixth somite of pleon, - 1'5 „ of telson, .... 1-5 „ Habitat.—Cape Verde, April 26, 1876.

The carapace is scarcely more than one-fifth the length of the animal; it is dorsally armed with a strong tooth in the median line of the gastric region, and anteriorly pro­ duced to a rostrum which is broken off in our specimen, so that its length cannot be determined. Near the middle of the orbit stands a large sharp tooth directed forwards, and the antennal angle is rounded off, as is also the fronto-lateral angle, behind which and within the margin stands a sharp tooth. The anterior two somites of the pleon are subequal; the third is longer, and is armed with an anteriorly curved vertical tooth on the dorsal surface near the posterior margin; the fourth and fifth somites are shorter and subequal, the sixth is longer than the preceding two, and the telson is equal to the sixth somite. The ophthalmopoda are biarticulatc and subequal in length with the carapace; the basal joint being a long and slender stalk that is equal in length to the pyriform distal mass, which corresponds with the usual organ, the rounded extremity of which represents the reticulated ophthalmus. The first pair of antenna is longer than the ophthalmopod and terminates in two REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 901 unequal flagella, the peduncle of which does not reach to the distal extremity of the ophthalmus. The second pair of antennas supports a scaphoccritc that is a little longer than the ophthalniopod, rounded at the distal extremity, which is fringed with hairs, and has the outer angle armed with a strong tooth; the flngellum is one-third shorter than the scaphocerite.

Amphion, Milne-Edwards. Amjthioti, Milne-Edward a, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, torn. i. p. 336; Hist. Nat. Crust., torn. ii.p.48G.

In 1832, Professor Milne-Edwards, at a meeting of the Entomological Society of Paris, described a pelagic of small size, and extremely pellucid, to which he gave the name of Amj>hiont and placed it as a new along with another that appeared to correspond much with it, to which Leach had given the name of Phyllo­ soma, in a family to which Milne-Edwards gave the name of Bicuirasses, and placed it among the Stomapoda. The genus Phyllosoma has since been demonstrated to be the young and immature form of Crustacea belonging to the families of Palinuridce and Scyllaridte, but* the position of Amphion is still uncertain, its true relation to the adult form not having been hitherto determined. Although it possesses some general resemblance to Phyllosoma, it differs most importantly in structural characters, and belongs to a separate division of the order. The general outline of form is very different. In Phyllosoma the carapace is as broad as long and circular in form, and does not cover the pereion, which exists as a second somewhat circular disc posterior to it, whence Milne-Edwards derived the general name for the family. In Amphion the carapace is long and narrow, and covers the pereion from the earliest to the latest stage of its known development. Phyllosoma is known to leave the ovum with five pairs of appendages attached to the pereion, namely, two pairs of gnathopoda and three pairs of pereiopoda; but although Amphion has never been procured from the ovum, yet there are specimens in this collec­ tion in which the only appendages present besides the ophthalmopoda, antennas, and oral organs, are the two pairs of gnathopoda, and they are only distinguishable from the Zoea of the Phyllobranchiate prawns by the presence of the sixth pair of pleopoda in an incipient condition. But even hero these pleopods are not present as distinct organs, but are in an early state of gemmation, suggesting a progressive development which shows the animal to have existed for some time in a different condition prior to its previous moult. Our youngest specimen is about 5 mm. in length, and it is highly probable that the brephalos appears in the Zoea stage, whereas in Phyllosoma thepleon is in an 902 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

immature condition in the brephalos, which approaches the Megalopa stage and as yet no signs of the sixth pair of pleopoda arc apparent, nor until after the animal has all the pcrciopoda in an advanced condition. Jn fact, a continuous advance in the development to this point has not been observed in the PhyUosoma of the Palinuridaj. The earliest form of Amphion in the collection (PI. CXLVI. fig. 1) was taken in the Pacific, and is 5 mm. (0'2 in.) in length. It is slender, and much resembles the Zoca of other Macrura, excepting that the eye is pedunculated. The carapace is about 2 mm. long, and covers the entire percion; it is narrow, being only a little broader than the anterior somites of the pleon, and is anteriorly produced at the fronto-lateral angles to a small tooth, but there is no rostral point visible. The pleon is 3 mm. long, and is composed of six somites; the five anterior arc subequal, the first being furnished with a small anteriorly directed tubercle on each side, which I take to represent the pleocleis of the adult; the sixth somite is equal in length to all the preceding. It gradually narrows and terminates in a gradually widening, broad, ovate, foliaceous, and spatuliform plate, posteriorly fringed with hairs, one on each side of the median line being small, and six exterior to these long. The first or cephalic somite is anteriorly produced in the median line, and furnished with a small, round ocellus; on the upper surface on each side originate the ophthalrno- poda, of which the peduncle is short and the ophthalmus long-ovate, somewhat pyriform in shape, and about 1 mm. long, or about half the length of the carapace. The first pair of antennas is about 1 mm. long, and two-jointed ; the first joint, which is extremely long, appears to represent the peduncle; the second, which is short, represents the flagellum. The second pair of antenna? is a little longer than the first, and consists of a basal joint that supports two branches, the inner one represents the flagellum, which is uni- articulate, and reaches a little beyond the distal extremity of the first pair, and the outer is the scaphocerite, which is a little shorter than the flagellum, it is narrow at the base, and gradually enlarges distally; the extremity as well as the inner and outer distal margins are fringed with seven or eight long, slender hairs. The oral appendages are at a considerable distance from the frontal margin of the cephalon, and implanted posteriorly to a semicircular epistoma. The mandibles, which are immediately posterior to the epistoma, and on each side of the oral aperture, are sharply pointed, and do not carry a synaphipod. The three pairs of siagnopoda, as far as can be determined by a general examination without dissecting them out, appear to resemble those that will be more fully described in a later stage. At about the same distance posteriorly as the mouth is from the anterior margin of the cephalon, the first pair of gnathopoda is situated; it consists of a short coxa and a long basis, the extremity of which carries the four succeeding joints of the true leg REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACUURA. 903 already distinguishable, the last of which is sharp and styliform; from tbe outer distal extremity of the basis proceed an ecphysis that consists of two joints, the basal one being very long and cylindrical, and the distal very short, cylindrical, rounded at the extremity, and tipped with three or four hairs. The second pair of gnathopoda is somewhat larger than the first, is situated close behind, and resembles it in general form but is a little more robust. None of the pereiopoda are yet visible even in a budding condition. The pleon has as yet no appendages present, and no evidence of their future develop­ ment is visible, except in an apparent gathering of granules in the position where the sixth pair of pleopoda are formed. Two other specimens were captured, one (fig. 73), which is 6 mm. long, to the north of New Guinea, in February 1875, and the other, which is 51 mm. long, in the Pacific.

Fio.73.—Zoea of •ImnA ion. Dorsal surface From Fio. 74.—"Youngest larva taken by myself, Tol- a drawing by Dr. von WillcmoeaSubru. Reduced lowing Dobni'i larva. Nat. size8 mm., H.^xli one-half. Veutrnl aspect." From a drawing by Dr. von WiUemoenSulitn. Reduced one-half.

Neither of these differs materially from that which has been described. The latter has at the extremity of the peduncle of the first pair of antennae a long cilia or hair attached to the extremity of both tbe inner and outer angle, and others at the apex of the single-jointed flagellum; and the posterior somite of the pleon exhibits the outline of the branches of the sixth pair of pleopoda, on which the marginal hairs are present within the outer tissue (PL CXLVI. fig. 2z) which are a little more defined in the specimen from New Guinea. These changes are probably consequent upon the internal growth that precedes another moult.

The next specimen (PI. CXLVI. fig. 3) is also recorded from the Pacific; it is 8 mm. 904 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHAXLENGER.

(0*3 in.) in length, and has advanced in development as well as in size. It has three pairs of appendages attached to the pereion, or one pair more than is present in the preceding stage (fig, 74). The carapace of this specimen is furnished with a small tooth or rostrum in the middle of the frontal margin, and the evidence of its future persistence exists in the presence of a tooth attached to the new or underlying tissue of the next succeeding moult. On the outer angle of the frontal margin a small tooth projects, corresponding with the outer can thus of the orbit, while the tooth previously noticed as standing at the fronto-lateral angle exists in a position further distant from the base of the second antennas, as if some portion of the increase in length attained by the animal wns due to growth anterior to this tooth. The somites of the pleon are nearly in the same relative condition as in rig. 1. The appendages appear to have advauced a little, but rather in form than in importance. The ophthalmopoda arc longer in proportion, and the diameter is greater near the distal extremity. The first pair of antennas has developed two small spicules, one on each side of the peduncle, as if marking the position of a future articulation, and another at the distal extremity of the peduncle represents the inner Hagellum. The second pair of antennaa has the distal extremity of the scaphocerite furnished with more hairs, and a small tooth exists on the outer margin, defining the limit where cilia cease; the flagellum has increased in length, but to what extent is not determinable since it is broken in our specimen, in which it is subequal in length with half the carapace, and the peduncle is furnished at the base with a distinct phymacerite. The two pairs of gnathopoda correspond with those of the previously described specimen, but differ in being armed with a sharp tooth on the inner distant angle of the basis, and another on the inner margin of the shaft, halfway between the coxal and basisal articulations; the presence of these teeth may be due to specific distinction rather than to progressive development, as well as the circumstance that the ecphysis and ischial joint each articulate at the extremity of an independent protuberance. In this specimen the first pair of pereiopoda is present; it corresponds in form with the gnathopoda, but is not quite so large, and differs also in having no tooth on the inner margin near the middle of the basisal joint, while that at the inner distal angle exists ; the absence of the former is suggestive of the relation of the teeth to the stage of development. There is no evidence of the presence of the plcopoda in this stage, excepting the posterior or sixth pair, which helps to form part of the rhipidura. It consists of a short basal joint supporting two unequal foliaceous rami, the inner of which is the smaller, being scarcely more than half the length of the outer ; it is lanceolate in form and fringed with hairs; the outer is broader, armed on the outer margin with a strong tooth, and on the inner and distal margin with hairs. REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRTJRA. 905

Another specimen (PI. CXLVI. fig. 4) was taken north of New Guinea. It is about the same size as the last, 8 mm., but differs from it in having the first pair of pereiopoda with a long and sharp tooth on the middle of the basisal joint, and in having the fourth pair of appendages—the second pair of pereiopoda—present in an incipient con­ dition. This new pair is not, like the preceding one, a free appendage, but is enclosed within the dermal tissue each in the form of a long, narrow, and slightly constricted sac, com­ pressed against the ventral surface of the pereiou and directed forwards between the pre­ ceding pairs.

Flo. 75.—" From the north coast or New Guinea, Fuby. 1376. Five-legged larva stage. Maxillipedi omitted ; A, A, liver first visible ; ventral aspect. Nat aire 12 mm. H. J." From a drawing by Dr. von Willemoes Suhm. Reduced one-half.

Another specimen (PL CXLVI. fig. 5), which was taken at the surface in the Atlantic, off St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands, on April 6, 1873, is 9 mm. long, and corresponds very closely with that of fig. 4, but the second pair of pereiopoda exists as a free pendulous organ, although in a saccular condition, in the form of a stalk with two branches, which lie inwards and are directed forwards. In this Atlantic specimen the small rostral point at the anterior extremity of the carapace, that is common to all the Pacific specimens, is wanting; it probably therefore is the young of Awjphion provocatoris. It may be noticed that this specimen also differs in having no tooth on the outer 906 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGED. margin of the scaphoccrite, as there is in fig. 3, but corresponds in this part more nearly with that shown in the younger form of figs. 1 and 4. In fig. 4 a tooth is shown as standing on the basis of the third appendage; it ought however to be mentioned that this tooth is absent from the leg upon the opposite side of the animal in the same pair.

The nest specimen that marks an advance in development is one from the Pacific, in which four pairs of appendages—two gnathopoda and two perciopoda—arc well developed. It is 10*5 mm. (0*4 in.) in length, and, as in all the Pacific specimens, the small rostral tooth is visible in the centre of the frontal margin. The rest of the animal corresponds in most of its details with the forms described later, excepting that the telson has lost its foliaceous character and become more robust, it tapers to the extremity, and terminates in two small points as shown in PI. CXLVII. fig. lz. In the month of February 1875, between the Philippine Islands and New Guinea, a specimen (fig. 75) was taken which has five pairs of appendages attached. It is 11 mm. (04 in.) long. The appendages are all developed on the same typical plan as in the preceding specimen ; the small rostral tooth is present, and the only change beyond the addition of a pair of perciopoda is that the telson has sent out at each point at its extremity two long and slender teeth.

Amphion reynaudii, Milne-Edwards (PI. CXLVII. figs. 1, 2). Amphion Rehiaudii, Milne-Ed words, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, torn. i. p. 336, pi. xii. ligs. 1-10, 1832. „ Reynaudii, Milne*Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust, torn. ii. p. 489, pi. xviii. figs. 8, 9, 1837. This species was founded upon a specimen taken by M. Reynaud at the surface (en haute met) of the Indian Ocean, and described and figured by Professor Milne- Edwards in the works above quoted. It was about one inch in length, and corresponds closely with the Challenger specimens, which approach it in size, and in the number of the pereiopoda, but it appears to be a little more advanced in development, more especially in the condition of the pleopoda, which are present in the form of biramosc hairless buds. The Challenger specimens have six well-developed pairs of appendages attached to the pereion, and like all the specimens taken in the Pacific, have a small rostral tooth attached to the frontal margin of the carapace, but which is hidden in the figure by the projection of the metope. In Milne-Edwards' figures this rostral tooth is not shown, probably owing to its concealment by the metope, or perhaps from the specimen having been examined with only a low power. In our specimens the frontal margin of the carapace is slightly waved in a line across from Bide to side, with a minute rostral tooth in the median line; it is continued on each REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 907

side to a small, sharp, anteriorly directed tooth that stands upon the outside of the second pair of antennas, whence the margin recedes obliquely backwards and outwards until it reaches a sharp anteriorly directed tooth of larger proportions, that corresponds with half the distance between the frontal margin and the oral apparatus; from the outer lateral tooth the carapace continues posteriorly to the extremity of the pereion, to which it gradually narrows. The plcon consists of six somites and the telson. The pleopoda in our best-preserved specimen are visible only as incipient buds, with the exception of the posterior pair, which exists in a well-advanced condition and takes its character as part of the rhipidura of the adult animal. The telson is long, tapering, and terminates in two small teeth, which converge distally.

length, entire, .... 15 mm. (06 in.). ,. of carapace. 8 „ of ploon, 7 .. „ of tbird somite of pleon, 0-5 „ „ of sixth somite of plcon. •2 ., „ of telson. 1-5 .,

Habitat.—Pacific Ocean.

The ophthalmopoda are large, pyriform, and projected on a slender cylindrical pedicle, and pass on each side considerably beyond the lateral margin of the carapace. The ophthalmus is equal in diameter to twice the broadest part of the pedicle, which originates, one on each side of the great cephalic neural mass, in the centre of which on the dorsal surface is a small black pigmented eye. The first pair of antennas consists of a peduncle and two short flagella; the peduncle is only single-jointed, but at a short distance from the extremity there is a notch and a small hair, and beyond it another small hair, each suggesting the point at which the future articulations will occur. The flagella are subequal in length and very nearly equal in diameter; they are both smooth and free from hair, but the outer supports two short spines situated close together near the apex. The second pair of antenna? has the two basal joints of the peduncle broad, the second distally supporting a long scaphocerite that is narrow at the base, distally broad, rounded at the extremity, the margin of which is fringed with long cilia, and the outer margin is armed with a long and slender tooth. Beyond the second joint I can recognise but a single robust joint that supports the slender flagellum, which appears to be long but is broken off at about the length of the scaphocerite. In Milne-Edwards' figure it is represented as entire and about half the length of the carapace. About one-third of the distance between the frontal margin and the first pair of gnathopoda stands the epistoma, and posterior to it on each side are the mandibles, and 908 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. behind them near together stand the three pairs of siagnopoda. These are all distinctly visible in Dr. von Willemoes Suhm's mounted specimens, but rinding in the collection one preserved in spirits, that was taken in the Pacific near Fiji, I took advantage of the circumstance to dissect out separately each oral member, and have figured them in the plate (d, c,fg). The mandibles (fig. id) are simple, having an apophysis, but neither molar process nor synaphipod; the psalistoma is sharp-pointed and serrate. The first pair of siagnopoda (fig. U) is three-jointed; the first two joints are broad and foliaceous, and tipped with hairs on the inner margin ; the third is cylindrical, short, and tipped with three or four hairs. Miluc-Edwards says that the first pair is nearly rudimentary and appeal's to consist of a small horny scale bordered with cilia. It appears to mc, on looking at the figures given by Milne-Edwards, that in his dissection he has broken the appendage in two, and that his figures 6 and 7 put together will, when combined, correspond with my figure (fig. le), which agrees with the representation of the same appendage given by Anton Dohrn.1 The second pair of siagnopoda (fig. 1/) is three-jointed; the central joint is bilobed, aud each is fringed with a cilium on the inner surface; on the outer side is a broad, oval, foliaceous plate that is fringed with hairs radiating ccntrifugally round the margin, and is the hoinotype of the roastigobranchial plate of the higher groups of Macrura. This corresponds with Milne-Edwards' third pair, and with the second maxillai in Anton Dohrn's description. Claus? figures this appendage, representing the three internal lobes much as they are given in my figure (fig. If), but he represents the outer folia­ ceous plate as being comparatively small and sparsely fringed with distant cilia; it .should be remembered, however, that Claus drew his figure from an older specimen, since he represents it with a seventh pair of pereionic appendages in a rudimentary form. The third pair of siagnopoda (fig. Ig) consists on the inner side 'of a four-jointed appendage, of which the first or basal joint is broad, foliaceous, and fringed with hairs; the second, third, and fourth joints arc narrow, cylindrical, and distally carry a single hair on the inner margin ; at the base of the first joint on the outer side is a long and slender Particulate rod, furnished with cilia at the distal extremity; at the base of this rod there is a large ovate plate, the margin of which is fringed with distant cilia, and near its base stands also a short membranous plate. The inner four-jointed branch I believe to be the representative of as many joints of the typical leg, the outer rod being the basecphysis, while the two foliaceous plates represent the mastigobranchia and the rudiment of a branchial appendage in its saccular form. Milne-Edwards' figure corresponds with mine in part only, omitting the two outer plates, which also correspond

1 Untersuchuugen iiber Bau und Entwicklung der Arthropodeii, taF. xv. fig. 3, Leipzig, 1870. * Crusticcen-fcjBtems, p. 48, taf. viii. fig. 9, 1876. REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 000 with the figures given by Anton Dohra' and also that figured by Claus,2 but each of these authors shows that the external rod is only a branch of the basal joint, which is I presume the second or basisal joint, and neither gives the outer foliaceous branch, although Anton Dohra shows the rudiment of such, unless it be the fragment of a ruptured appendage, and he moreover figures what I believe to be a basccphysis with four small terminal articulations. Claus represents the same organ as being lnultiarticulatc for two-thirds of the entire length, whereas Milne*Edwards figures it as being uniarticulate, which corresponds more nearly with my own observation, since, although I saw indications of there bring three, the articulations appear not to have been fully formed, but only defined by the presence of marginal cilia. The six pairs of percionic appendages represent the two pairs of gnathopoda and four pairs of pereiopoda; these all correspond in general form, but differ a little in size aud ornamentation, they are all six-jointed and have a long basisal joint, which carries a long multiarticulate ecphysis attached to the distal extremity. All, excepting the first guathopod and the posterior pereiopod, are furnished with a strong tooth near the middle of the basisal joint, as well as with one on the anterior distal angle of all except the posterior pair, and with three or four others on the next succeeding joint (ischium) iu all except the first and last pail's of appendages. Now, these tooth-like prominences arc too numerous and conspicuous to be overlooked, and since they are not shown by Milne- Edwards on the basis in either of his figures, while he shows them on the ischial joints of all exceptiug the first and last pairs in his figure in the first-quoted work, aud as Claus represents his species as having the appendages smooth throughout, excepting the second pair of gnathopoda, which is armed with a strong tooth on the anterior distal angle of the basis and one on the anterior margin of the ischium of the same pair, I am inclined to believe that it is possible there may be a greater amount of specific separation between the several specimens observed than has generally been supposed, although the instances of variation in what' I believe to be specimens of the same species induce me to hesitate until further opportunity may decide.

The branchite (fig. lbr) are now beginning to make their appearance in the form of small plumes within sacs attached to the coxa of the second pair of gnathopoda and the first pair of pereiopoda. The pleopoda are also becoming visible as incipient buds; there is a pair at the postero-lateral angles of each somite excepting the first; that on the sixth somite being already in a well-advanced condition and taking its character as a permanent part of the rhipidura of the adult animal.

In the Western Pacific, north of New Guinea, three other specimens were obtained that are 25 mm. in length. One of these was labelled by Dr. von Willemoes Suhm ' Loc. cit., pi. xv. lig. 6. ' Lot. dL, pi. Wii. fig. 10. 910 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLEtfGEK.

" Amphion Adult"; but this can scarcely be an adult seeing that it has only six pail's of appendages attached to the pereion; in these the branchiae are present in a more or less advanced condition, existing as a single plume corresponding with each pair of appendages excepting the first gnathopoda; the plumes are attached near the middle to the pleural surface of the pereion, and taper gradually to each extremity.

Km 7d. - A mphion with Mvea legs, and five pairs or brancliia ; <}l, gland; h, h, liver ; mx, maxilla ; It, te, te*tca. Reduced a half from Suhtn's drawing.

Their structure (fig. 2or) is that of a series of thin foliaceous plates resembling those of the Phyllobranchiata, forming one broad plate on either side of a central stalk.

The next specimen (fig. 76) is the most advanced that has yet been observed; it was taken with the preceding on the northern side of New Guinea, and was drawn while yet in a fresh state by Willemoes Suhm, but whether it be the same as that which is given on PI. CXLVII. fig. 2, I am not certain, but I believe that it is, and if so the posterior pair of pereiopoda is represented much too long by Suhm. REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 911

He supposed it to be a male, but he figures the anterior pair of pleopoda as biramose, which does not correspond with my observation as to the permanent character of this appendage in the male.

T-engtli, entire, 25 mm (1 in.)

„ of carapace,. 16 i» „ of pleon, 9 ti

„ of third somite of pleon, 1-5 H

„ of sixth somite of pleon, 2 tf

„ of telson, 2-5 l»

This specimen retains all the features described in previous specimens, but it has in addition a seventh pair of pereionic appendages, that only differs from Suhm's figure in being shorter, but it is considerably longer and in a more developed condition than that represented in Claus' figure of a similar stage. These appendages, as seen in fig. 2o— the fifth pair of pereiopoda,—differ from all the preceding in being smaller, and in not having an ecphysis attached to the baaisal joint; moreover, they appear to be seven-jointed, whereas all the preceding legs consist of six joints only. It has a branchial plume similar to those belonging to the other pereiopoda, but smaller, and like them attached to the lateral walls of the pereion rather than to the coxal joint, they are therefore pleurobranchue, and may be tabulated as follows :—

Pleurobranchire, 1 1 A rth rob ranch ire, Podobranchire, MastigobrancbitB, m The pleopoda now appear as biramose appendages, of which both stalk and branches are short and flat, but as yet they are not fringed with hairs, the inner ramus has a stylamblys attached to each successive pair, excepting the posterior, which forms the lateral plates of the rhipidura and is fringed with long hairs. The telson is tapering and terminates in two small teeth that approach each other at their apices. The ophthalmopoda are less elongated, and the first pair of antennas has the flagella a little more tapering, but the peduncle is not more distinctly articulated, while the second pair is apparently not advanced from those seen in fig. 2. The nervous system appears to be more concentrated, the central ganglia being in a firmer condition, each group consisting of two ganglia, separate from each other from the second gnathopod to the fourth and probably the fifth pair of pereiopoda. The oral appendages, closely packed together and well developed, stand halfway between the frontal margin and the first pair of gnathopoda. 912 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

On each side of the cesophagus is a series of arborescent hepatic vesicles. On each side of the central neural cord is a series of saccular bodies (te) that I take to be the testes, these increase in size but suddenly disappear about the level of the second pair of guathopoda. Corresponding with the first pair .of pereiopoda Suhm has figured two symmetrical convoluted tubes that he considers and labels testes (fig. 76, te), and figures them as passing to the coxal joint of the posterior pair of pereiopoda. It is probable that when Suhm examined the animal it was in a state better adapted for observation than it is at present, after having been preserved in Canada balsam for some time. The remains of these tube-like vessels still exist, but they are disrupted and not symmetrically continuous iu the specimen from which I have taken my drawing, one side being more perfect than the other, but neither of them was continuous to the posterior pair of pereiopoda, as shown in Suhm's figure. Assuming that they are portions of the tubular structure figured by Suhm, I am iuclined to think that they are the spermatic ducts that, when perfect, are continuous with the testes shown at the anterior portion of the pcrciou. The nervous system is fairly shown in several specimens in the collection, and especially in PL CXLVII. fig. 2. The cephalic ganglion, or rather mass of ganglia, appears to be of a more concentrated and solid character than in other younger specimens, and the ocellus is reduced to a small point situated above the anterior portion; from tins mass neural threads are seen to pass to the ophthalmopoda and the first and second antennas; from the posterior margin two cords arise, one on each side of the median line, and pass round and meet behind the oesophagus, where there are three or four ganglia1 situated in close succession and connected by short double cords and surrounded by a mass of neural tissue sending or! nerve threads to the mandibles and siagnopoda; from the posterior of these ganglia, the two cords proceed, lying close together so as to appear but one, until between the first pair of gnathopoda, where they appear to swell out in the form of an elongated ganglion, and on each side, as in the preceding, nerve threads are sent off to the lateral appendages; in this as in the others these threads do not spring from the central ganglion but from a surrounding mass of neural cell tissue. From the ganglion between the first pair of gnathopoda the central nerve-cords pass as one in the median line between the second pair of gnathopoda, where there arc two distinct ganglia surrounded by a mass of neural cells, that supply nerve branches to the lateral appendages; from these ganglia the central cord proceeds as two separate threads to two ganglia situated between the first, second, third, and fourth pairs of pereiopoda, beyond which 1 was not able to determine them, although traces of other ganglia are apparent between the posterior pair of appendages.

1 These ganglia I ought to hove drawn a little Further forward. REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 913

Amphion provocatoris, n. sp. (PL CXLVIIL).

On the 7th of May 1876, in the Atlantic, south of the Azores, the largest and apparently most mature specimen in the collection was taken. It differs from all the larger specimens that were taken in the Pacific, by having no rostral tooth on the frontal margin of the carapace, by having the fronto-latcral angles anteriorly produced to large dimensions, and in having a tooth on the dorsal surface corresponding with the gastric region. The carapace is long, narrow, and decreases slightly towards the posterior extremity, it is half as long again as the plcon, including the telson, which equals the length of the sixth somite.

Length, eotiro, „ of campaco, 15 „ „ of pleon, . 12 „ „ of third somite of pleon, 1 » „ of sixth somite of pleon, 9 „ of telson, . 3 ..

The dorsal surface of the carapace has the frontal margin nearly straight, and shows a minute ocellus in the median line, behind which, halfway between the epistoma and the frontal margin, stands a laterally compressed, dorsally erect and anteriorly pointed, well- developed tooth. On the outer angle of the frontal margin stands an anteriorly directed tooth that forms the inner canthus of the orbit, which exists on the outer side in the form of a small emargination, the outer angle of which is rounded, beyond which the margin slopes gradually to the fronto-lateral angle, which is defined by a strong tooth, from which point the dorso-lateral margin, with a slight curve gradually narrows to the posterior extremity of the pcreion. The infcro-lateral margin from the latero-frontal tooth curves inwards and downwards just behind the oral appendages, and then recedes upwards and backwards in a line corresponding with the dorso-lateral margin of the carapace. The pleon is narrow and gradually tapers to the extremity of the telson, which under a high power is seen to divide into two small points, but which in the typical specimen appears to be considerably worn down. The five anterior somites of the pleon are short, while the sixth is as long as the preceding two, and the telson is subequal with the sixth. The ophthalmopoda are short and do not reach beyond the lateral margins of the carapace; they are pyriform and supported on a slender but short pedicle that appears to articulate with its own wide somite just beneath the frontal margin of the carapace. The ophthalmus is long-ovate. The first pair of antennsa has the peduncle broader at the base than at the distal extremity and appears to be uniarticulate; it carries at its extremity two flagella, the 914 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

inner of which appears to be a little more robust than the outer, which however is slightly longer and furnished with one or two hairs near the distal extremity. The second pair of antennas has the first two joints short and robust, the first joint being implanted beneath the carapace considerably posterior to the frontal margin, and in which Suhm observed the green gland to be present; the second joint at the outer angle supports a large scaphocerite that is slender at the base and broad at the distal extremity, which is rounded, fringed with hairs, and armed on the outer margin with a strong tooth. On the inner angle of the second joint stands the third and terminal joint of the peduncle, at the extremity of which there is a slender multiarticulate flagellum, which is broken off at about half the length of the carapace; each orticulus being armed with a small point. The oral appendages I have not dissected out, but in situ they appear under careful observation to correspond gencrically with those already described. The first pair of gnathopoda is situated posteriorly to the oral appendages, sub- equally with the distance of the latter from the frontal margin; it resembles the other appendages but has the shaft of the basis smooth and is not quite so large. The second pair of gnathopoda, as well as all the pcreiopoda, is armed with a sharp and long tooth near the middle of the basisal shaft and another at the anterior extremity of its distal angle ; there are several on the ischium of all the pcreiopoda. The posterior pair is rather smaller and less armed with teeth. The seventh appendage or the fifth pair of pereiopoda is not present, nor can I see any trace of it, although in other respects the animal appears as far advanced as the specimens of Amphion veynaudU. The first pair of pleopoda (p) is developed as a long cylindrical, slightly curved, uinarticulate rod, the extremity of which is rounded. The second (q) and following pairs resemble each other; these are short and consist of a peduncle that is broad and supports two branches which are subequal in length with the basal joint, the inner is a little shorter than the outer and supports a small and in this stage rudimentary stylamblys. The posterior pair of pleopoda forms part of the rhipidura; the outer plate is broader and longer than the inner, the distal and inner margins are fringed with long hairs and the outer margin is slightly serrate near the distal extremity, where it is also armed with a strong tooth. The telson is long, slender, and tapers to a point, the extremity of which appears to be minutely forked, the points of which in our specimen being worn. The internal structure is not so well preserved or so plainly marked as in some of the other specimens, but a moss of cellular tissue corresponds with that which in Amphion reynaudii I have thought to be the testes, but which in this specimen vary somewhat in appearance, which I believe may be attributed to the manner of its preservation. The brephalos of Amphion has not yet been observed, and the form hitherto known REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MA CRURA. 915 as the earliest is that which was described and figured by Anton Dohrn in his memoir on Amphitm reputvdi.1 This he calls the Zoca form, and specimens which he procured from the Hamburg Museum wore 7 mm. in length. The specimen that I have figured (PL CXLVI. fig. 1) I believe to have been the same as that which is given in fig. 73 (p. 903), from a drawing by Willemoes Suhm, and examined by him while in a fresh condition. It was only 5 mm. long, and we may assume it to be a younger animal than that which Dohrn has described. In this stage, the earliest yet known, the cephalic appendages are all in a forward condition, the oral appendages in a mature form, and the two pairs of gnathopoda fully developed as far as they are yet known to be. The plcon consists of only six somites, and the caudal extremity is a simple spoon-like foliaccous plate, fringed with a few hairs. Fig. 2z in the same plate represents the caudal extremity of another specimen that has attained the length of 6 mm., in which no degree of progressive growth is observable, excepting that the sixth pair of pereiopoda is seen to be taking form within the integu- meutal structure, but is not yet developed as a free appendage. Dohrn's specimen is 7 mm. long, and at this stage as shown by him,2 the first pair of pereiopoda or third pair of appendages are in the course of development in the form of a pair of curved saccular appendages, and the caudal extremity has undergone a great change in the development of the sixth pair of plcopoda as the lateral appendages of the rhipidura, while the telson still retains the broad and foliaccous condition of the earlier known Zoea stage.

Fig. 3 in PI. CXLVI. represents a specimen that has progressed a little further, and shows the third pair of appendages or first pair of pereiopoda developed; the rhipidura is more advanced by the telson being produced in a narrow and tapering form instead of being broad and foliaccous as in Dohrn's specimen.

On PL CXLVI. fig. 4, one is seen to have the second pair of pereiopoda ([) or fourth pair of appendages in an early stage of development, in the saccular stage, while in fig. 5 on the same plate the same pair of appendages is shown in a still more advanced form, being biramose and saccular. The rhipidura is increasing in the adult characters, but as yet the telson though broad is reduced to a tapering and foliaceous condition.

One specimen, 11 mm. long, was taken in the Western Pacific, in which the four pairs of legs are fully developed, but I have not thought it necessary to figure it because it so closely resembled fig. 1 on PI. CXLVIL, except for the presence in the latter of two more pairs of legs.

One specimen with iive well-developed pairs of legs was taken in the West Pacific 1 Loc cil., pL xvi. fig. II. • Lot. tsit., p. 174, pL xvi. fig. 10. 916 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. in February 1875; it is 11 mm. long, and corresponds so closely with Amphion retjnaudii as shown on PL CXLVII. fig. 1, with the exception that it lias only five pairs of legs, that I thought it unnecessary to figure it beyond showing the frontal margin of the carapace with the cephalic appendages (PL CXLVI. fig. 6), which viewed from the dorsal surface are more distinctly shown than in any of the previous specimens.

A specimen in this collection, which is given on PL CXLVII. fig. 2, corresponds so closely with Amphion reynaudii of Milne-Ed wards, that I have so named it; I have figured it with the greatest care, but the internal viscera are not in a well-preserved state, the structure having been injured probably by being mounted in Canada balsam. The cephalic and oral appendages are visible, as well as the hepatic organs and two pairs of branchise in an immature condition, corresponding with the pleura above the second pair of gnathopoda and first pair of pereiopoda. This form is so little advanced towards maturity that with the exception of the sixth pair of pleopoda, which forms part of the rhipidura, no appendage of the pleon has advanced beyond the most incipient stage of budding. The first somite of the pleon showing no trace of an appendage appeal's to me evidence of its being a female, an idea that is supported by the presence of nucleated hexagonal cells, a mass of which in a broken condition is retained on one side of the median line, between the first and second pairs of pereiopoda; this specimen is only 15 mm. long, whereas the two others show evidences of the male character, and these are 25 mm. long.

Two others with six pairs of legs were taken in the Atlantic on the homeward voyage; one in March, the other in May, 1876. Of them I have taken the latter as the type of a new species, the chief characteristics of which are a tooth on the dorsal surface of the carapace and the form of the frontal margin of the carapace, which is without a tooth in the median line, and has an excavation corresponding with the orbit, and in this specimen the first pair of pleopoda is developed into a cylindrical uniarticulate rod, a feature that I believe to be characteristic of the male animal rather than a specific character, for with a slightly different formation it exists in a specimen found in the West Pacific Ocean, and which in several respects corresponds with this species from the Atlantic, among which I think may be seen a prominence like a tooth rubbed down, on the dorsal surface of the carapace between the gastric region and the frontal margin.

Among those taken in the West Pacific Ocean, north of New Guinea, there was a specimen that I have represented in fig. 2 on PL CXLVII. Willemoes Suhm has figured this same specimen I believe in fig. 76. This animal ia well advanced towards maturity and is fully described at page 910. In Suhm's drawing, the REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 917 posterior pair of pcreiopoda is sufficiently long to be able to reach as far as the first pair of gnathopoda, in mine it does not quite roach to the base of the second pair of pcreio­ poda, and is feeble and very slender. Claua' figures this stage, but represents the ultimate pair of legs as being still more feeble than those in the Challenger specimen. And Anton Dohrn- figures the pcreion with an indication of the position of the second appendage in relation to the nervous system, and shows that the posterior pair is of scarcely less importance than the penultimate or fourth pair of pcreiopoda, and is connected with an independent ganglion subcqunl in size with that of any of the preceding pairs. This appeai-s to me to demonstrate that the developmental process is of a more constant growth than is the case in other forms of Macrura.

Among all the specimens that have been obtained there is not one that can yet with certainty be pronounced to be adult. Yet it is difficult to suppose that from the numbers of that have been traced through a consecutive scries of stages, from those with two pair of legs up to those with seven—the normal number that exists in the Decapod Crustacea—that any very decided external change can take place at the putting on of the adult features, which appear to consist in having only the several appendages of the pleon fringed with hairs. To Anton Dohrn is due the credit of showing the true relations of the Zoea forms to the adult Amphion, and we cannot but admire the candour of Glaus, who, after carefully investigating Anton Dohrn's observations and arriving at a distinctly different conclusion, has wound up his Crustacecn-System by the following " Supplementary Remarks." " After the printing of this work was completed I became acquainted with the communication concerning the development of some Palreozoic by R. v. Willemocs Suhni in the February number of the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. " This contains some interesting notes about the genera Amphion, Scrgestcs, and Leucifer, which, had I been acquainted with them earlier, would have induced me to have taken a rather different view in the chapter on Amphion, " It is true that my criticism of Dohrn's interpretation of Amphion as an adult animal is in nowise thereby invalidated, and what I have said of the insufficiency of the rudimentary branchite, of the absence of a fringe of hair to the pleopoda, as well as of the termination of the supposed ovaries on the posterior pair of pcreiopoda (concerning the size and form of which we have heard nothing from Dohrn) as proofs of the sexual maturity of Amphion remains unimpeached, as does also the larval nature of the Crustacean described by M. Milne-Edwards under the name of Amphion and characterised by six pairs of divided feet. " Willemocs Suhm has expressly stated that he had found among three full- grown Amphions two male individuals, but probably it was in consequence of the 1 Loc. eit., pL viii. 6g. 8t Fs. * Lot. cit. pi xv. fig. S. xii. 918 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. development of the seventh pair of appendages without much change in the form of the animal that he was induced to believe in its adult condition. " The form of the antcnnaa, and of the seventh pair of legs, the structure of the branchiaa, of the appendages of the pleou, and of the sexual apparatus must be more fully known before the question of the adult condition of the animal can be looked upou as decided. Under all the circumstances I was justified in considering as larval forms the largest specimens with which I was acquainted, and which possess the seventh pair of appendages in a rudimentary condition, rudimentary brauehia;, and the plcopoda without hairs, in accordance with Dohrn's description, and also in prostesting against interpreting as an ovary the mass of cells with its opening, on the basis of the descrip­ tion and figure of the last-mentioned author.1 If Amphion in an unchanged form really becomes an adult animal, we have in it a new and interesting form of Schizopod, in which the maxillae and gnathopoda (vorderen Kieferfiissc)—as is also the case in Petal- ophthalmits and Chalaraspis—indicate a transition to the Decapoda, and in which the carapace already overlaps all the pereionic somites." The view that these several forms of Amphion suggest, is that from the brephalos to the adult animal the development is regular with the growth of parts, but that as yet we have not obtained the earliest nor reached the latest stage of growth. What the latter stage may be can only be surmised, but I believe it caunot be very distinct in its external characteristics from that of the oldest known specimen of Amphion. The form and nature of the branchial plumes demonstrate that it belongs to a family of the Phyllo- branchiata that is parallel with the Synaxidea in its relation to the Trichobrauchiata, and which it approaches in the form and character of its appendages, with the exception of its having a scaphocerite attached by the second pair of antennaa, which the Synaxidea have not. 1 Dohrn, he. tit., pL xv. figs. 1, 2. APPENDIX A.

DESCRIPTION of SYLON CHALLENGED, n. sp., a Parasitic Cirriped. By Dr. P. P. C. HOEK, Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences of the Netherlands.

IN May 1886 Mr. C. Spence Bate sent me a specimen that looked like a Sacctdina, the only one that he ever saw of the kind attached to a Macrurous Crustacean. The Macrurau to which it was attached was a specimen of Spirontocaris spinus (Sowerby), var e. It was taken during the voyage of the Challenger at Station 49, off Halifax. It is figured on PI. CVI. fig. 5e, of Mr. Spence Bate's Report, being shown in situ; in fig. 10 of the same plate it is shown isolated. In the explanation of this plate it is referred to as a saccular parasite. At the suggestion of Mr. Spence Bate, Mr. John Murray, Director of the Challenger Commission, asked me to describe the specimen in order to have a description of it embodied in Mr. Spence Bate's Report, a request which I gladly accepted. The reason Mr. Bate proposed to send the parasite in question to me, was that he believed it to be a parasitical Cirriped. After careful examination, I am able to confirm Mr. Spence Bate's provisional determination ; for I found that it belonged to a genus of the Rhizocephala, or parasitical Cirripedia, Sylon, a genus well known to the Norwegian zoologists, but no specimens of it had been previously taken in the Atlantic south of lat 60' N. Before proceeding to describe the specimen, it will be well to say something con­ cerning the literature of the genus. In 1855 H. Kroyer1 published a short note on a very insufficiently known group of , Pachybdella and its congeners. This note is remarkable from a historical point of view, since for the first time a third genus of these lower Crustaceans, which afterwards were shown to form the group of the Rhizocephala, was spoken of. The two previously known genera are Pachybdella, Diesing (Saccidina, Thompson), and Pelto- gaster, Rathke. Of Pachybdella, the species of which inhabit Crabs, Kroyer mentions two species, and of Peltogaster, which occurs on the abdomen of Pagurus, five different

1 H. Kroyer, Bemaerkninger om en meget ufuldataendigt bekjendt Gruppe af Krebadyr Pachybdella o.a.v, Ovtriigt o. d. K. D. VitL Sdik. ForhandL Kj+bmhavn, pp. 127-131,1856. 920 TITE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. species were known to him. Of the third genus, Sylon, Kroycr proposed only one species, though the different si>ecimens show considerable variation in shape and size. It seems to occur on the genus Hippolyte only. No description of the genus Sylon is given in this note; and Kroyer's death in 1870 occurred before the paper, in which he intended to give a full description of the different species and genera, was published. "Witli regard to Sylon the only things we learn from his note of 1855 are that its metamorphosis is much like that of Pachybdella and Peltogaster, and that he believes it to be the only genus of the group in which a kind of vascular system occurs.

x In 1870 G. 0. SOTS published the second part of his father's Bidrog til Kundskab om Christianiafjordcns Fauna, with the aid of the manuscript left by his father, Dr. Michael Sars, who died in 1S69. The same memoir was also published separately.2

In this paper a description is for the first time given (pp. 41-48) of the genus Sylont Kroyer, and of two species belonging to it. The one is Sylon hippolytes (Kroycr), most probably the same species that Kroycr observed; it was found on the under side of the abdomen of Hippolyte securifrons, Norman, which was taken at a depth of 40 to 60 fathoms in Storemcdet, and at a depth of 100 to 120 fathoms in the Rodtangdyhct. M. Sars points out that the same species occurs attached to a specimen of Hippolyte ])olaris, Sabine, which Daniellseu obtained in llardangarfjordcn at a depth of 250 fathoms. The other species described is Sylon pandali, M. Sars, a parasite of Pandalus brevirostris, which lives at a depth of 25 to GO fathoms " in frcto Drobachiensi." Both species arc figured and a fairly full description is given, the only one hitherto published. The diagnosis which M. Sars proposes for the genus Sylon is as follows :— " Corpus sacciforme, ovatum, subteres, cute (pnllio) pellucida sed firma vestitum. Os vel apertura suctoria in organo adfigendi acctabuliformi, annulo corneo cincto, in latere inferiore corporis situm, ubi in postcriorc parte apcrturas (geuitalcs) binte parva3 circularos beantes, synictrice positte, cavitatem intrapallialem apericntes, adsunt. Genitalia bi- sexualia: ovarium ramosum, in sacco magno maximam partem cavitatis interpallialis explente inclusum; testiculus parvus ovatus, in postcriorc parte vcntrali hujus cavitatis situs." At the end of his description of the two species, Sars points out the differences existing between Sylon and the other known members of the family Peltogastridze, established by Lilljeborg. Sylon differs from Peltogaster in not having an aperture at the anterior extremity of the body, and also in having only a single testis ; from Apeltes it differs both by the absence of the anterior aperture and of the short tube at the hindermost extremity of the body, and by the presence of a well-developed organ for its attachment to the host, with a mouth in the centre. Sylon also differs from both by the shorter form of the body, in which respect it rather resembles Clistosaccus of 1 tfyt Mag,/. Naturvid., voL IT. * Chriatioaia, Johan Dohl, 1870. REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 921 the Sacculinidse, and especially by the presence of two symmetrically situated apertures (genital pores) at the ventral side, in the hindermost part of the body. In consequence perhaps of its being in the Norwegian language, this paper of M. Sars has not become known so widely as it merited. Neither Kossmann • nor Delage,2 both of whom give an extensive bibliography in their papers on the Rhizoccphala, mentions the above paper of M. Sars. In his second paper on the fauna of the Arctic fjords published in 1884, J. Spnrre Schneider of Troms0s gave an enumeration of the Crustaceans and Pycnogouids he collected in 1881 in the Kvjenangsfjord. In this fjord Hippohjtc pusiola is common at a depth of 5 to 10 fathoms, at the place where it communicates with the Sorfjord. Schneider says* that this species is to a considerable degree infested with parasites, viz., a species of Sylon peculiar to Hippolyte pusiola, a couple of them being often observed on the same individual. In the same year Max Weber5 published the results of his researches on the Isopods collected during the cruises of the " Willcm Barents." Speaking of Pltryxus abclominalis (Kroyer), Weber says0 that along with the Isopoda of the Barents collection, a specimen of Hippolyte inccrta, Buchholz, was handed to him, which was infested on the ventral surface by a parasite, that on superficial investigation might be taken for a Bopyrid. On closer examination this idea was given up, and on comparing the parasite in question with specimens of Sylon attached to Hippolyte p>usiola, which lie collected himself near Tromso, he saw at once that the parasite of Hippolyte incerta, Buchholz, also belonged to the genus Sylon. Through the kindness of Professor Max Weber of Amsterdam University, I was enabled to investigate two specimens of this species of Sylon, attached to Hippolyte pusiola, Kroyer, and to compare them with the Challenger specimen obtained off Halifax. This comparison brought out the great resemblance between them. They may be different species, but they clearly both belong to the genus Sylon. Whether in every case two specimens of Sylon living on different hosts should be regarded as different species, I do not venture to decide. From the analogy of similar cases of parasitical Isopoda, great prudence is certainly necessary in coming to a conclusion.

1 Kossmann (Beitroge zur Anatomic der schmaroUeiiden Rankonfussier, p. 5, 1874), says with regard to Sylon :— " Der Genusname Sylon, welcben zu charactcriaircn Kriiyer durch den Tod gebindert wurde, kann fiiglich mis unserer Literatur wieder versebwinden, zumol K. seine Exemplarc, wic er aclbst angibt, siimnitlicU vcrnrbcitet hot." a Delage (Evolution de la Sacculinc, Archives d, ZooL exp&. (2), torn. ii. p. 424, 1834), in regard to Sylon is ulso very decided :—" La mfme annte (1850) Kroyer njoute MIX deux genres dtfja connus le genre Sylon. Mais il omct dc lc came- Uriser et de conserver un exemplaire. Personne depuis n'a pu retrouver le Sylon, en sortu que e'eat li un genre, que sanf Kroyer, personne n'a vu, et dont personne ne commit les caracturcs. Lc retrouvera-t-on ?" 8 J. Sparre Scbncider, Under60gelser of dyrelivet i de Arktiske fjorde, XI. Crustacea og Pycnogonida indsamlede i Kvanongefjonlen, 1881, Tromsf Muteum* Aarslie/ter, vii., 1884. * toe. tit., p. 02. 6 Max Weber, Die Isopodon gesammelt wabrend der FM'bten des "Willem Barents" in das Nordb'cbe Eismcer in den Jnhren 1880 und 1881, Bijdragtn tot dc Dicrkunde, 1884, • Lot. tit., p. 34. 922 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

The following list gives the difFerent cases in which species of Sylon have hitherto been observed :—

PARASITE. NAME OF HOST. OBSERVER.

SyJon hippahjtes (Kroyer), Hippolyte securifrons, Norninn, . M. Sars.

it H „ polan's, Snbinc, . ii

„ pandali, PandtUut brcuirouMs, Rotlikc, . »

„ schneidcri, n. ap., . llippohjtepUtiotOf Kiiiyer, SpaiTO Schneider, Max Weber Hoek.

» sp., „ inccrla, Bucliholz, Max Wcbor.

„ chafkngeri, n. ep., . Sphontocaris spiruts (Sowerby), . Iloek.

The specimen of Sjnrontocaws sjrinns on which the parasite was found had a length of 37 mm. It was attached to the third segment of the abdomen. According to Iff. Sars, Sylon kippolytes is also attached to the third, and Si/lon pandali to the first abdominal segment of its host. According to my own observations, Hippolyte jyusiola likewise bears its Sylon on the third segment of the abdomen. In the case of Spirontocaris spinus, as shown in PL CXLIX. fig. 1, the parasite is attached by a considerable part of its surface, the attached part being circular and having a diameter about half as long as the longest axis of the parasite. The body-wall of the shrimp and of the Sylon almost imperceptibly pass into one another; when separating the parasite its chitinous covering was found to have a yellow-coloured thickening, of the shape of a ring, round the place of attachment. The shape of the parasite is oval,1 its long axis running nearly but not quite parallel with that of the Shrimp. If we apply the term poles to the extremities of the longest axis, then the anterior pole is situated at a somewhat greater distance from the ring of attachment than the posterior pole. In the species of Sylon found upon Hippolyte pvsiola, and'which I will call Sylon schneideri, not only is the greater part of the body of the parasite situated in front of the base of attachment, but the anterior pole is at a considerably greater distance from the surface of the host than the posterior pole. The greatest diameter of Sylon challenge™ measured about 4 mm., and the two other axes only measured 3'16 and 2'6 mm. Taking the plane of the two other axes as perpendicular to the direction of the longest axis, the one second in length (3*16 mm.) is perpendicular, or nearly so, to the surface of the Shrimp; the shortest of the three is the one that runs from the right to the left side of the body of the parasite.

1 The figures of the parasite on PL CVX figs. Bs, 10, represent it as spherical; bnt this is not quite exact Pig. 10 also shows the parasite as being attached by means of a short but distinct peduncle, but this is not the case. REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 923

Sylon hippolytes, M. Sara, is 10 mm. in length and 7 in breadth; Sylon schneideri had a very different size in tho specimens I was able to investigate; in one the dimensions were about 3'1 by 2*1 mm., in another tho length and the greatest breadth measured 6 and 4*1 mm. respectively. I have also seen a specimen of Hippolyte pusiola with two small specimens of Sylon schneideri attached to it; the one about 1'5, and the other 2 mm. in length. The specimen of Sylon challenges which was sent me was not quite uninjured. As is shown in figs. 1 and 3, PL CXL1X., the outer wall of the body was torn open in front, and this damage, caused perhaps by the desire of the artist to see as much as possible of the animal without detaching it from the Spirontocaris, at first caused some difficulty in the determination of tho animal. In S1/I071 the outer surface of the body is quite smooth and bears no appendages or trace of segmentation; the large and very distinct opening found in the other Rhizocephola, which Delage calls the cloaca, is wanting in this genus. For the communication of the mantle-cavity with the exterior two rather small round holes alone are present, which were accurately observed and figured by M. Sars. From analogy I am of opinion that they were situated just within the limits of the damaged part of the body of Sylon challengeri; and a comparison with the figure of Sylon schneideri attached to Hippolyte pusiola (PL CXLIX. figs. 4, 5) will readily convince any one of the probability of this supposition. In fig. 5 a lateral view is given, and in fig. 4 a front view ; in both figures the circular openings exist at a., and they are about 0"3 mm. in diameter. In young specimens these openings seem to be closed ; at all events I observed them in this condition in a small specimen of Sylon schneideri, a transverse section of which is represented on PI. CL. fig. 2. Like other Rhizocephala, Sylon carries its developing ova within the mantle-cavity ; Krbyer's observations on the larva; of this genus, and his comparison of these larvce with those of Sacculina, admitting, I think, of no doubt on this point. Most probably the Nauplii, when ripe, leave the cavity by means of the above-mentioned openings. Running from between the two openings towards the place of attachment, a narrow stripe is visible through the trans­ parent outer wall on both sides, limited by a distinct clear line (PL CXLIX. fig. 4). Here the body of the Sylon seems to be attached to the interior of the mantle, and pro­ bably this stripe is comparable to the "mdsentere" of Delage. When I commenced my investigations I did not know the nature of the parasite, and I therefore decided upon Btudying it by means of transverse sections. I was obliged to detach it from its rather bulky host, taking away along with the parasite an annular part of the body of the Shrimp. Fig. 2, PL CXLIX. was made after the animal had been thus loosened, and represents it from below. The round smooth part (e) afterwards proved to be the very dense mass of ovarian tubes. The outer covering was so loosely con­ nected with the interior, that I was obliged before embedding it in paraffin to take it (juite away; and in so doing I neglected to investigate microscopically the mode in which 924 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. the parasite was attached to its host. In the case of Sylon schneiden, however, I observed that the connection takes place iu much the same way as Delage has described it in Saccidina. From a well-developed and rather voluminous basis (the "membrane basilaire" of Delage) numerous roots pass into the interior of the host, and in order to investigate this attachment it is necessary to make transverse sections of the host with the parasite attached to it. A part of the abdomen (the dorsal half having been removed) of a small specimen of Hippolytc jnisiola with the Sylon attached, was embedded in paraffin in the usual way, and sections cut with the aid of the microtome. Some of the sections so made arc shown in PI. CL. figs. 4-6. As it is not my intention to publish here an elaborate anatomical and histological description of Sylon— since both in regard to quantity and quality the material at my disposal was not sufficient —but only to give a preliminary orientation with regard to these little-known animals, a few words must suffice to describe this basilary membrane. It forms a circular disc equal in area to about one-fifth of the whole surface of the Sylon, and is not very thick, in the preparation shown in PL CL. fig. 4 measuriug only about 0'2 mm.; it is composed of con­ nective tissue, the nuclei being very small aud numerous. The roots are not very abundant, but rather elongate and much ramified. In one respect there seems to exist an interesting difference between Sylon and Sacculina—in the latter genus the roots penetrate within the body of the Crab until they reach the wall of the intestine, but in Sylon, on the contrary, they as a rule do not reach so far. In Carcinus vuvnas, at the place where Saccufina is attached, the distance between the basilary membrane and the wall of the intestine is inconsiderable; in Sylon the same membrane is separated from the wall of the intestine by a dense mass of muscles (PI. CL. fig. 4, m). Most of the roots (PI. CL. figs. 4, 5, r) terminate on the ventral aspect of this mass of muscles, aud only one root could be followed running close to the lateral surface of the abdomen of Hippolytc and directed to the dorsal part of the body. Most probably therefore Sylon lives, at least partly, on the blood of its host, and only to a limited extent draws its nourishment from the intestinal contents. Branches of these roots surround the central nervous system, passing through the abdomen in a very curious way (PL CL. figs. 4, 5, n).

According to Delage the basilar membrane and the roots belong to the internal part of the Rhizocephalid, the external part consisting of the visceral mass and of the mantle. The name "visceral mass" is perhaps not quite exact, as there is no trace of viscera, in the ordinary sense of the word (intestine, &c.), the contents being made up almost exclusively of one organ, namely, the very bulky ovary. After soaking in absolute alcohol, the ovary forms a very compact and hard body, which cannot easily be stained, is very brittle, and causes great trouble when cutting sections. It consists of extremely numerous more or less unripe eggs; in the specimens I investigated almost nothing could be observed of the true ovarian tubes, the ova being closely packed together in almost every direction. The latter are all nearly in the same condition of ripeness; each con- REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 925 tain? a granular plasma and numerous clear vesicles scattered through its substance. As a rule a small nucleus is visible close to the wall of the ovum, which is distinctly coloured by alum carmine. The size of the eggs is much the same throughout the whole ovary; in Sylon challcngori (PI. CL. fig. l) they are nearly spherical, with a diameter of 006 mm., in Sylon schneicleri (fig. 7) they are oval and slightly larger, the dimensions being 0'08 by 006 mm. Here and there between the ovarian eggs, especially in Sylon challengeri, stripes of conuective tissue with rather large oval nuclei arc visible. The visceral mass is inclosed by an epithelium which is truly chitinogenous, and has a chitinous outer wall at its surface. This chitinous membrane—at all events when the animal carries no eggs in the mantle cavity—is pressed against a similar membrane, which forms the inner surface of the mantle. The latter organ consists of two layers of epithelial cells, separated from one another by connective tissue and muscular fibres; at the outer surface a rather thick and very resistant chitinous membrane is secreted by the epithelial cells, whereas the inner coating of chitin is thin and in not quite full-grown specimens is fused with the exterior chitinous membrane of the visceral mass. At the places where later on the openings of the mantle are formed, a thick, lenticular, chitinous disc (PL CL. fig. 2) is observed. The chitinous membrauc at the surface of the mantle in the same preparation is distinctly double, but when the process of exuviation takes place the outer layer probably carries away the lentiform disc also, and so opens the genital pores. Between the two chitinous membranes of mantle and visceral mass the mantle cavity is formed by a simple parting of the two membranes.

In the series of preparations of Sylon chalhngcri, the gland, whose secretion serves probably for gluing the eggs together, is seen to be distinctly developed ; but I observed only one gland, and not two as is the case in Sacculina. One of the sections of the gland is shown on PI. CL. fig. 1, which fairly well corresponds to the description of it given by Delage in the case of Sacculina. He calls it the cement-gland, a name, which, as Giard pointed out,1 is inexact, for it has quite the function of an " Eikittdriise," or " glande coll^teVique." It is .a tubular gland, much ramified, and very irregularly convoluted, and a kind of chitinous membrane is seen everywhere within the interior of the dhferent parts. The gland as a whole, with the connective tissue between its convolutions, forms a lentiform mass. In Sylon cliallengeii the opening of the female genital apparatus does not take place, as is the case with Sacculina, by means of a vestibule (the atrium of Delage) situated in the centre of the mass of the gland ; for I did not find a trace of such an atrium in any one of an uninterrupted series of preparations, all the sections being perpendicular to the surface of the lentiform glandular mass. At one side of the gland, however, the epithelium of the surface of the visceral mass forms a distinct invagination (PI. CL. fig. 1, d), and perhaps the opening of

1 A. Qiard, Sur l'orientation de Saoculina carcmi, Compta rtndui, March 10, 1886. 926 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. the female genital apparatus is to be sought here ; in that case the tubular gland ought to have its opening in the neighbourhood of this invagination also.. Only in one of the specimens of Sylon schneideri did I observe anything that could be considered to be a testis, and this structure formed an oval compact gland, in connec­ tion at one extremity with the wall of the visceral mass, the other extremity lying free between the ovarian cteca. The organ which M. Sars observed and regarded as a testis is probably the same. In one respect, however, I do not agree with him, for he believes that he observed a small pore at the surface of the mantle, and considers it to be the male genital pore, while I, on the contrary, believe that the testis communicates by means of an opening with the mantle cavity. In PL CL. figs. 5, 6, sections of the testis arc represented, figs. 4, 5, and 6 being from the same series; the preparations follow one another in sequence, from behind forwards, but numerous sections between them are not figured. Continuing the series of preparations in the same direction, soon after the one figured in fig. 6, one follows in which the openings of the mantle cavity are visible. The nervous system was observed in Sylon schneideri. The only part of it which I found was an almost spherical body, composed of small cells with distinct and well- stained nuclei, and situated at the surface of the visceral mass, enclosed in a mass of connective tissue (PL CL. fig. 2, n). Its diameter is about 0*08 mm. In all the sections passing through it there is represented a clear central mass, probably consisting of granular substance, which is characteristic of the nerve-centres of the Arthropoda. In fig. 3 a part of another section, not far in front of that shown in fig. 2, and belonging to the same series, is represented. Here the connective tissue surrounding the nerve centre in fig. 2 is seen to be still more distinctly developed, and encloses a mass of granular substance, which in fig. 2 is just beginning to appear (figs. 2, 3, I). I do not know its nature; probably it is blood-serum.

The structure of the Rhizocephalida, so far as regards Saecvlinat is now well known. Of Peltogaster our knowledge is rather insufficient; of Clistosaccus and Sylon almost nothing was' known hitherto, and though for the latter genus at least some information is given in this note, much more data are wanted' before it will be possible to discuss the affinities, not only of Saccxdina and Peltogaster, but of all the members of the interesting family Rhizocephalida. APPENDIX B.

P0NT0NIID^(p. 705). First pair of antennas having the outer flagellum bifid. Mandible without a .synaphipod. First pair of pereiopoda suhequal, slender, chelate. Second pair unequal, one being extremely large, possibly in the male only.

C A R ICYPHID/E (p. 712). Body slender, carapace auteriorly produced to a slender sharp-pointed rostrum. Third somite of pleon dorsally frequently elevated and compressed. First antenna? having two short flagella; second pair having the scaphoccrite long and narrow. First and second pairs of pereiopoda chelate, subequal Telson long and slender.

ACANTHEPHYRIDiB (p. 723). Animal smooth, laterally compressed, and dorsalfy carinated. First pair of antennas having two long flagella; second pair furnished with a sharp and rigid scaphocerite. Mandibles furnished with a synaphipod. First two pairs of pereiopoda slender, sub- equal. Telson long, narrow, and tapering to a truncated point.

PALiEMONiD/E (p. 71l). Transfer to p. 778.

NEMATOCARCINID-E (p. 800). Animal smooth and slender. First pair of antennas having two long slender flagella. Second antennas having a long and narrow scaphocerite, and a long and slender flagellum. Mandibles having a synaphipod. Pereiopoda having the carpos much longer than the propodos. First two pairs chelate, small, slender. Telson slender and tapering. TROPIOCARIDiB(p. 824). Carapace not laterally but dorsally compressed. Frontal regions anteriorly project­ ing above the ophthalmopoda, and produced to a short pointed rostrum. First antennas having two flagella. Second with a long and narrow scaphocerite. First two pairs of pereiopoda subequal, slender, and chelate. Telson long and tapering. This Page Blank

I I.M.S. CHALLENGER INDEX.

Note.— The more importaut pages are indicated by darker type.

Plate Pogo Aeanlhasotna— Plato Pago ABEKKANTIA—- tyniUlsonis, , LX1V. 369, 428 (Decdrobrancbiata), . 217, 219, 469 /xii, xlii, 219, 346 (Pbyllobraucliiata), ... . . 473 Aula, . -I 366, 434, 441, 442 (Trichobranchiata), . . xi.7,10 W69. Abroocbiata, • • 3, 6, indicus. . LXXXT. 442 Aeanthacaru— jEglca, . . . 7 tenuimantu, . 171 Alubojidro, . (xii, xli, xlii, 186 t xiii, mi, xxxix 1480, 603, 628 AcanOuphyra, . J lxxvii, lxxx, 346, 481 i, xii, xiv, xxvii 1 730, 732, 734, 767 J xxxii, xxxv, xxxvli Alphcui, * 768, 824, 826, S34 ... 1 xl, xliii, lxxvi, lxxx aeanthUelsonia, . OXXV. liv, 731,732,743,745 *-lxxxix,176,480.537 aeuiifroHi, . CXXVI. Ixii, Lxv, Lxvi, 749 rlxi. 636, 540, 544 acuto-fcmoratus, . . XOVII. agaasizii. 731 1545 aiyjwta. OXXIV. . . Ixii, 737 aflnts, 640 approziirut, . CXXVI. . Ixxii, 732, 755 armillalus, . • 640 ariTiala, cxxv. . Ixii, 732, 744 / lix, lxi, Ixii, Ixvii f lviii, lix, Ixii, lxvi avarus. OL ) Lxxxix, 536, 539, 640 bradtytclsonu, CXXVI. | Ixvii, Lxviii, lxxiii ) 641, 543, 644, 646 V731, 744, 753. 769 ' 548 brmrirostris,. CXXVI. liv, 732, 751 '!.-;(• i'\'(M:i, . • ••• 640 (lxxii, 732,747, 748 bermudaimi, X-CVIH. li, 640, 647 CXXVI. earinata. \767 bidais. 640 dibilis, 732, 733, 768, 760 buineisus, . > 544 tdvnrdtii, . OXXTI. . lv, 747 lispinojus, . • ... 640 entis, . * **4 732 (lxv, 640, 667, 661 biunguiculatuM, . on. kingsleyi, . OXXVI. liv, 732, 761, 763 1662, 663 kmgidens, . OXXIT. Ixiii, lxxi, 782, 786 brexricristatus, • 668 media. OXXIV. . lxv, 732, 786 baiivicri, . , * ... 640 ylii, Wi, Uxiv, 788 brevipca, 640 OXXIV. purpura*, . \7S4, 746,767,760 brevirostris,. • . 640, 644 reuxu, * •!• . . 732 candei, • ••• 640 j-111, lvli, lviii, lx, Ixii eharan. . 640, 662, 668 liea, . cxxv. -1 lxvii, lxviii, lxxiii diiragriau,. • 640 1784, 789 damalor. • ••• 640 AcanthephyriiUe, • ••• 481 eollumianui. 640 XOIX. AcanLhtuoma, . f lxxvi, 866, 866, 876 crauimanui, . bd, 640, 564 1878,888, 441, 927 crinftuf, . XCVJ1I. flxiv, Lxv, 640, 642, bnvikbcmii, IdUV. . 866, 867, 873 1548, 649 dortispinaiii. LXV. . . 870 crutidigitatut, xovii. liil, 640, 546 tmimtratii. LXV. 847 oylindrimu,. * ...' . . 640 longiUltrmU, LXIT. 866, 871, 872, 788 dmiipa. • ... 640 macrvUlfonis, LXVL . . 878,428 diadma, . . . 540 930 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

Page Alpheus— Platc Pago Alplicus— Plata . 60S, 571 divcrshnaiius, . 508, 571 villosus, 5-41 doris, . . 540, 543, 544 tccbstcrii, /liii, 540, 541, 542 i xii, Ixxvii, 480, 578 edtcardsii, . XOV1I. \ 643, 544, 645 Aiupliiplcetus, \ 622 edtcardsii, vor, Icvius- depresses, . ex. . Hv, 623, 625 liii, lxxviii, 170, 346 cuius, 549 347, 348, 455, 481 equalis, 640 Aiuphioii, . 901, 902, 903, 905 eiwhcirus, . 640 910, 914, 917, 918 Jluridanus, . 640 OTO '•' ''.'••"*. OXLY1II. liii, 905, 913 CI. lvii, 540, 661 provocaloris, gracilis, flxviii, 340, 906, 914 640 TCi/naudix, . . OZLTII. hardfordii, . 640 1915, 910 hdcrochcles, . . 540, 568 zottt, . Ixvi insignis, 640 Amphioit-stngo {Scrgesta), . 305, 366 intermedins, 640 Aiiiphioituln', . 347 inlriusecus, . IT, 640, 657 Am|iliiiK>iln, xxxviii, 471 ten'*, . a lxix, 640, 665, 566 AnehiMa, . xxvi fofimamu, . XC1X. 640 Anebocaris, Ixxvii, 481,722 lxiv. 640, 541, 649 lvii, Ixiii, Ixiv, lxv Icciuseulus, var., S0V1II. quadroadus, OXXIII. ( 689, 722 I 650 loitg'ufadytus, 640 ANOMOBKANCHIATA, 5,6 longi'manuj, XOVIIl. Ixvii, 540, 661 ANOMUR.t, . xlii, xlvii, 0, 473 lothinii, 640 All< •..'!:. T|lllft, . 6 vialabaricus, 653 A nthra/xiliemvii, . lxxx maltealor, . . 640, 666 /romrtiit Ixsx megachelcs, . 642, 547 A pell is, 920

liv: lv, Ixv, 538, 639 Apscudes, . . xliv, xlviii minus, c, 640, 641, 549, 658 tal/xt, . 471, 591 { 5C0 668 Arnostcraus, 88 mitis, . 640 wicncekii, 88 Ixii 640, 543, 657 ArcJitEoslacus, . 120 neptuuus, CI. ( 663 willcmccsia,. 117 norotdiii, 640 A rehsocarapus— novK-valandite, 540 boxcerbankii, obcso-inanus, . 640, 5C6 Arehasler, . 55 jmclii/ehirus, 640 Arcturits, . 55, 194 paeijicus, . 540, 543 xxxiv, lxxv, 56, 66 paekardii, . 640 Arcius, 101, 102, 111, 114 pa na ina nensis, 640 { 120, 127 • parvimaniis, 641 amcricanus, parvirostris, 641, 643, 544 ceylimaxsis, . prolifiats, xoix. lxix, 641, 556 haani,, 66 ptigilalor, . 641 liii, Ixxxii, 66, 71 imniaturus, . pugnax, 641 X. ( 72.74 rapax,. XOIX- Uv, 641,562, 653 oricnlalis, . IX. lxv, Ixxxii, 66, 68 ruber, . 641 jiygmmus, . X. li, Ixxxii, 66, 72, 78 rugimanus, . 641 rugosus, Ixxxii toeialis, 641 sonlidus, IX. . Ixii, Ixxxii, 66 tpinicucrus, 641 tubercuiaius, X. . Ixii, Ixxxii, 70 tpinifrons, . 641, 668 uriui, . Ixxxii, 66, 08 rlxT In, 641, 649 vitiensis. 06 spiniger, a. \660 ix, xii, xxv, xxvi ipinut, 589, 690, 697 xxxi, xxxii, xxxix slrenuus, 641, 643, 644 xlv, lxix, lxxvi, 184 dreptoehiruM, 641 Arisleus, . 219, 221, 223, 225 rulaUus, 641 238, 240, 281, 282 tridentulatus, 641 809, 811, 820, 321 tyrrhmus, . 706 324, 827, 328 venlr&iui, . 641 [Permits) anisnnatus, . 218, 306 REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 931

JHsfrus— Plate TflRO Alya— Plato Pago /Iv,lxi,lxv,lxviii, Ixix margarilaccc » Ixxxviii, 093 armalus, . XLV., ZLTl.-| lxx, lxxiii, 300, 311 mexica nt, • • Ixxxviii, 093 ^312, 318, 320, 321 oeni/cntalis, • Ixxxviii, 693 coral i MM, . • xxxii yUipa, Ixxxviii, 604 roslridtntaitu, . LL . lix. 221, 317 Tobiuta, Ixxxviii, 093 KmidaUatxt, xvii, lis, 305, 306, 307 scabra. Ixxxviii, 693, G08 tomcutosus. . 307 f tiii, Ixxxviii, 694 serra/a, CXIX jxii, lxxvi, 219, 227 I 699, 703, 705 ArUnitsia, . • *•• \ 228. 277, 280, 281 spiw'pcs, , .., Ixxxviii, 694 XL. liv, lxxiii, 277, 281 longinaris, . sulaitijtes, 1 CXVIII., J liii, Ixxxviii, 093 Artlirol>nuicliiiC, • . 146, 149, 153 ' \ CXIX. 1694, 701, 702, 703 , xi, xxxviii, lxxxhi, Alycphyra, • « ••• 733 Wxxxiv, 9, 64, 00,192 Atyidro, I • ••• xii, xlviii, 481, 691 Attaciilir, . • j 193, 195, 207, 203 Alyoida, . 691, 004 (213 bhukala, . 699, 700 rxxxiv, 2, 3, 56, 101 potimirit*, 694 AsTACIDCl, . \216, 220, 226 lahilfiiMs, 094 Astnrieiu, . . . 2,3 Ahjs, . 691 ASTACIKA, . . . . 2,3 seitbrti, 693 Ast acini, . . 2 Axiiilio, • • ••• . xi, 7, 36

Astactid'S, . • xi.lxxxiv, 56,193,195 Ariiis, • 1 ••• 7, 9, 10, 37, 38, 40 tmuliiya.va ricusis. • . 201, 207, 20S Bcnlhccictns, . xlii, 409 nobilh, . . 196, 197 1 xvii, lxxvii, 481 spinifcr, • ... . 195, 190 Barllicoairis, 1723 • xi, lxxv, Ixxxiv, 5G CXHtlU, . CXXIII. . lxxi, 724 Astacopsis, . • ••' \193, 195, 201,207 sfiflon-slrali , . . CXXIII, li, 726, 728 franklinii, . . SOI iv, ix, xii, xvi, xxxi nvbilis. 197 xxxix, xlvii, lxxvi inrnmalf-'Hsia, XXVII. . Ivii, 202, 205 137, 219, 220, 222 spini/cr, . XXV III. Ivii, 195, 190, 205 Bud/its icy inns, • • ... 223, 224, 226, 223 sydiuycnsis, XXVII. . Ivii, 204 229, 300, 311, 320 x, xi, xir, xix, xxi 326, 328, 351, 386 xxxvi, XXXvii| xliv 409 Ixxxiv, 20, 40, 55,50 Aitaetis, f\v, Iviii, lix, lxi.lxiv 67,81, 101,114,110 alius, . LVIIL i Ixvi, lxvii,lxviii,328 120, 125, 193, 195 1329, 333, 334,336 201, 208, 746 / lviii, lix, Ix, Ixi, lxxi armaliLt, . 195, 190 brasilicnsvt, LV1I. -1 lxxiii, 323, 329, 332 aiiilriiliciisu, . 206 1336, 339 fiuviiitilis, . . xxviii, 207 /lxx, 320, 321, 328 gammarus, . 192 croiatiM, . LIT., LV. 1329 Itadiii, . 186 iridescent, . LTL, LVI1 lv, lix, 329, 335 penicillatus. 82 mollM, LVIII. Iv, 339 TOS«I, . . . 178 rli, lxiv, Ixix, 323 terrains, . , • 780 pleocanlhus, LVII. \334 za/eucus, . 47, 64, 55 /lxxvi, lxxxix, 480 Attrogonium, 55 BclmiM, \564 /xiv, lxxvi, 480, 628 Athanaa, aquimaniu. • • ••• . 606, 567 1631 aiulralu, 566 cdtcardsii, . . . 642, 644 mallcodiyitu S, . . 01. . . Hx, 665 nilisccns, • 620 microstytua, 01. . lix, Ui, 566 vcloeutiu, . XOVI. liii, 628, 529 Scabro-digiU #, 666 rix, x, xii, xxxii trispinostu, • • ••• 666 Mj/a, 1 xxxv, xl, lxxvii truncxUut, « - ... lxxxix, 665 1Ixxxviii, 481, 691 Birgiu, 16 l-693, 604, 703, 704 /xiii, xxvii, lxxvii armata, . Ixxxviii, 693, 694 BilhyniM, . J 481, 781, 788, 789 bisuleala. oxx. flub, 092, 693, 694 1796 699, 700 careinut, ...... 788 932 THE VOYAGE OF H. M.S. CHALLENGER.

Bithynis— Plato Pago Cancer— Plato Tap? . 689, 590, 597 forceps, ... 788 spin us, . . 782 grandimamu, OXXIX. . lxix, 788, 793 squilla. jamaieensis. 788 Canerinus— six, Ixiii, lxiv, lxx clavigci. . . "1 lar, . . . 0ZX1X. 1781,789,794 clavigcra, . ... xxsiii, Ixxxii, 89 ornatus, ... . 788, 789 Caprclla, . . . 1M (Palmmon) idm, . ••• 789 Carcinus, . ... 779

{Palmmon) hirtimantu, MI 789 vmnas. ... . 691, 924 (Palmmon) scabriculus. ... 789 Caricypliidic, . xiii, 481. 927 {Palmmon) sinensis, 789 /lxxvii, 431, 712 {Palmmon) spectabitis. ... 789 Caricyphus, ... \722 {Palmmon) supcrbus. ... 789 angiilatus, . cxxi. . lvi, 718 spinimanus, ... 788 corn ut us, OXXI. . lxiv, 712 Bopyrus, . „ . 486, 584, 804 gibbcrosus, . OXXI. Ixx, 716, "18

lalreulcs. • H 584 sci-ramarginis, OXXI. lx, 714 squillarum,. ... 684 lurgidus, CXXI. . lxv, 717 fxiii, Ixxrii, 481, 781 CARIDKA, . ... 221 Brachycarpus, . ... 1796 sxxxv, lxxvii, 4S1 audouini, . CZXIX. . lviii, 798, 800 Caridimt, . 1683, 688, 602 savignyi. CXI IX. Ui, 781, 795, 800 acuminata, . 704 Calliodina, ... . . 7 brcrirostris, . ... 704 fxi, xlvi, lxxv, 7, 8 .•..•.•',;• ••{:•'•. . 704 Cailiaitassa, ... -[9, 10,28,30,31, 32 grandirostris. ... 704 V33, 36 Icucostica, . ... 704 crassa. ... 29 lougirostris. ... 704 longimana, . 29 vmUitlcnlata, 704

major, • I. 29 mtotiea. 704 maxima, ... 29 scrrata...... 704 oceitlcntalis,. II. U, 29 truncifroHS, . ... 682 orienlalis. 30 rliii, lxxxviii, 094 subterranea,. 30 typus, . OXIX. 1 703, 704 Calliaoouidie, . xi, 7, 10, 27 Caridioa, . 768 Caltianidca, 7, 8, 9, 10, 28, 3d Ccnobita, ... 16, 17 Caltianisca, ... . . 8,9 Chatarasjn's, . 918 Cailiaxius, 7 (-xi, xlvii, xlviii.lxxv Callisea, , ... . . 8,9 Cheiroplateci, ... \ 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16 Calocaris, . ... . 7, 11, 46, 54 U7, 40 macandrcm, • ... 176 ccnobita. I.% lxii. 12, 41 Calymarina, . . 731 (sic, Ixxvi, Ixxxix C/ieirothrix, Camaron do aqua dulco, 789 1480,682 jx, xi, xvi, lxxxiv, 66 parvimanus, XCYI. . . Ixi, 533 Cambartu,. ... 1192, 198 fx, xi, xlvi, lxxv darkit, ... . 120, 103 Chcramvs, . ... -17 10, 26, 28, 30 peliucidus, . ,m . xiv, 176 136 simxdans, . . . 120 occidental is,. , II. li, 29, 32, 33, 34 fxiii, lxxvii, 481,731 orienlalis, . I. lxi, 30, 33 Campylonoius, . ... X 767, 768,778 Cherops, . . . xi, 66, 193 capensis. uxxvin. . Hr, M, 778 Cklorotocus, , , fxii, lxxvii, 480, 627 flxxii, lxxiii, 768 1673, 674, 677 semistriatus, UXXVII. 1778,776,777, 778 gracUipcs, . . 674, 681 vagans. OXXII. . lxxii, 776, 777 incertus. OXVI. . Iv, 674 Cancer— Chorismus, fxii. lxxvii, 480, 677 aculeatus, . ••• 689 1610, 777 anomaltu, . . .*• . 19 tubereutatus, OX. lvi, 617, 618, 777 (Jstaeus) arelus, . ... 66 Chropus, . ... lxxxix {Astacus) lungipu, H* 210 Cidaris, . ... 66 anomalus, . . • •• 19 Clistotacem, ... . 920, 926 macrovrUa arttiformis *~ 118 Clytia— pagunu. ... . xlii, 691 ItacM, ... 186 REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 933

Plato Pngo Ericthiiia— Plate Page Conehodylts, 705 dent ISM, 348, 451 melcaijinm, • . 707,711 Eryma, . 103 fix, xii, six xxxiii xiv, xv, Ixxxii, 66 xxxv, xxxvii, xlix Enjon, 50, 101, 113, 114 Crangon, . lxxvi, 480, 482, 496 { 115, 118, 110 692 arctiformis,. • 112,113 affinh, Lixrvi. lxvii, 484, 435, 486 bnrroraisi*, . 116, 120 arttieus, . lxxx, 231 bnxlri, , . 116 boreal, 311 ailvadasii, , . XV boreas, 615 erassiehrlcs, . . 116 fasciatus, 690 euvicri, 112, 114 nigrieauda, . .lxxxv,4S3 Itttus, . 114 prophujitus,. 483, 484, 485, 486 moorei, . 116 spteivsiu, uptcmcarinata, 403 iir. wilmcotctuh, lxvii, lxxx, Uxxv 116 Eryouastiaui, vulijaris, 231, 483, 484, 485 60 { 486, 516 lxi, lxxv, Ixxxiii, 66 Crangon id ve, xii, xl, xli, 480, 481 BryoHctau, 101, 115 118, 110 ClIAXGUNIHKA, . 480, 4S1 { 122 ClMRASsE-t, emau,. Sii.E. liii, lxxh , 122, 125 Cyc/vr/it/nekus, . 678, 6S2 xi, xvi, xxxiv, 3, 36 Eryoimlii*, . planiruslris, 678 60, 100, 101 Dcidauiin, . 162 Eryphiiin; . , 732 Icptodadyla, . 100, 163 Exwupiit, . . 210, 471 xii, xxvi.xxxi, xxxix Eih'o|iiil(v, . 218, 210 DENDROBRANCniATA, xli, xlvii, xlviii, 6 Euphautia, 243, 450 1217 , 472 En|>lmutiiiili>', . 219, 471, 472 xlii, Ixxvii, 481, 685 Euphann, . . 220 Diaphoropus, 686 EiiplfcUlla, . . 213, 210 { FuHcluili'i, . longidor*alis. . CXTI1. . Itii, 688 300, 310 versipftlii, . CSV 11. • Ivii, 687, 723 tcoodtrardi, . . . 311 Dorodota, . xii, Ixxvii, 4S0, 627 Qtt/u/fiea, . , . 7, 10 { 677, 681 GnlnllioitliL', 3. 4, 6, 6, 7, 10 Inirarina, . oxn. . lxi, 680 Gnlnlhciilrs, reflesits. CXYl. . lxii, Ixiv, 678 Galotlicau,. . lxxx Echinus, . 65 Ga miliaria, . . 104, 353 xi, xli, lxxv, 7, 8, 9 Ocbia, 7, 10, 28, 30 Eitonarius, . {10,37,40,4 6 xii, xvi, xlvii, lxxvi aeuli/rous, . V. . lxii, 17, 40, 44 Ixxxiv, 210, 220, 221 kermadeci, . V. lix, 43 Gcnnadas, . , 222, 223, 220, 203 296, 320, 339, 351 parvus, . . V. . lviii, 44 385, 469, 839 xxxii, lxxvi, 210 Elaphocaris, 345, 347, 359, 375 xvii, Hi, liv, lv, 343 inlerinedius, {38 3 LTMI. ( 420 erassus. I. XI. xxxii, 862 xlv. Hi, Hit, liv, Ivii su/iini, . 363, 354, 453 lxiv, lxvi, lxrii parvus, Engivus, . xi, Ixxxiv, 60, 193 MX. (lxviii, lxix, Ixx, Ixxi xxxv, 220, 732, 733 340, 313, 345 Ephyra, . . { 734 Qlaxicothot, 8,17 eompressa, . • ••• 733 ix, xii, xxxix, xl haaX-etii, . 733 Olyphocrangon, . ( xlviii, xlix, lxxvi pdagiea. - 732, 733 430, 480, 603, 616 . . liv, 621 Erdmocaris, xiv, xx, lxxviii, 481 aculcata, xcir. {80 4 acuminula, . XOIV. Ix, 622 eorniger. . CXLV. . liii, ooo (lxvi, 600, 607, 616 granulosis, . xoii.. «III.{ 618624 lomjicaulis, . . CILIV. xx, Uvi, 897 remipes. CXLV. Uviii, 896 hastacauda,, XOIII. • • l*vii< 6*0 styhrastris, . OXI.V. . liii, 898 nebitis, 632 Eridhina, . • . 365, 462 podager, xciu. **'• 616 934 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

Qlyphocrangon— Plato Pogo Plato Pago rtgalis. XOIII. Mx, Ixii, 617 tx, xii, xxxv, lxxvii rlxviii, I.I.M, lxxiii 1 480, 676, 687, 589 rimapcs, XCIV. 1623 Hippolytt, . " 1 595, 601, 611, 920 spinieauda, . . • •«• 618, 519, 62] W2I, 924 Qnathophylum, . xxxvii aadtattu, . 603 QnathoptylHt, • in XXXV acuminata, . 589 Onalhopha xaia— bidenlatus, . cv. lii, 691, 592 vigens. 420 bispimna, . • 294 Oonatouotus, • ... . . 70S, 770 brcrirostris, . • ••• 008

Orimothea,. • •<• . . 7, 10 crislalus. • ••- 293, 294, 297 fix, xii, xxvi, xxxix ehugaliu, . 625 Haliporus,. • ,., -1 lxxvi, 210, 227, 273 cnsi/erus, . 682, 583 1284, 846 vtcerta, 921 eurviroslris, , XI.11. Ixxi, 288, 290, 201 gaimardii, . 611, 613 equalis. XLI. lxiii, 291, 286, 292 graeMroslris, . 007 tintt, . XLIL . liv, Ixiv, 289 vwr moral us. • . . 603 neptunus, . XLI I. . Ixii, lxiii, 291 par villa, 294 obliquirostris. XLI. . Mil, 286. 202 planirostris. 578 HAI'LOTODRA, xxxix, xli, 480, 883 projceta, ov. Hi, 694 HcctnrthtoimliF, . . 481, 883 ftvlaris. . . 020, 922 Sictarthropus, . lxxviii, 4S1, 889 pusiu/u, 021, 922,923, 924 eomprcssus, . , - CXLIV. Ix, 721, 891, 892 rrcfinwlri.*, . . . 611,013 flxiv, 889, 891,802 srcurifri'ns, , ... . 596, 920, 922 ailis, . . CXLIV. 1894 sotrtrbiji, 689, 696, 608 apaasus, CXLIV. . . Ixiv, 892 souvrb/ri, . 589, 690 tenuis, , CXLIV* . . liii, 893 •PHVTAMI'I 696 spiii us, 688, 690, 598 ffemipenmus, /xii, xxxi, lxxvi, 219 1221,226,228, 299 spinifroiis, . 021 gracilis. xLiy. . Ixv, 302 tenuirastris, 692 / Ivijj, lix, Ixii, 221 various, 688, 589. 690, 592, 607 scmidadatus, XLIX. \ 306, 306, 307 Hippolyliiliv, I xii, xli, 480, 603 spinidorsalis, XLfV. Jlv, .Ixv, SOI, 302 574, 576 1 303, 490 Uomaralphaiua, ...... Ixxx, 231, 539 Il l . 3 speciosiu, f XXXVII. t XLIV_ V lxxiii, 303 f xi, xxx, xtii, Ixxxiii /lx, lxiii, 242, 305 1 56, 170 tomeiitosus, . • XLIX./L. 1807, 319, 320 62 virilis. XLIV. . lxiii, 308, 305 v, xiv, xxi, xxx xxxvi, xxxvii, 45, 46 Hepomadus, J xii, lxxvi, 219, 229 Bomarus, . 1319 60,88, 101,177, 134 glaeialis. Lit. xvii, lxviii, 321, 323 185, 196 inermis. . Ixxi, 323 marinus. 177 vulijaris, . Htlainu, . (x, xii, xxxvii, lxxvii . 607, 615 • *• I 480, 677, 610 iloptopariii, Ixxxiii, 177, 185 dibilis, OIX. lii, 616 belli, . . 177 gaimardii, . . CIX. . . Hi. 611 longhnana, . . Ixxxiii tenuis. /xvii, lxxvii, 481, 731 CIX. lii, 613, 016 Ilymenodora, rxli, xxxv, lxxvii W50, 837, 838, 839 . OXXXVI. fftterocarjms, • "t -j 480, 626, 627, 652 duplex. lvi, 837,841, 848 1063, 70S, 824 glacial is, 841 alphonti, CXII. Ixvi, Ixvii, 620, 682 glawa, . CXXXV1I. lxvi, 840, 847, 840 carinatus, . liii, liv, lv, lvi, lxxiii 036 . CX XXVII. J dorsalis, CXI. . Ixii, 680, 637 mollicutis, . 848 / Ixiv, Ixv, 629, 684 mollis, . CXXXVI. liv, 837, 841, 840 gibbasus, OXII. 16S6 Ixi. Ixiv. txviii. 841 XT1 ensifer. CX1L, lxiii, 629, 688, 689 rostrala. • °" - \*XQ Imvigalus, . OXIL . Ixii, '636 e ix, xi, xxi, xliv, Ixxv Imvis, . . 686, 637 Ibaeau, 50, 67, 72, 74, 98 oryx, . • 629, 680, 033 100, 101, 114 REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 935

Ibaccus— Plato Pago Lucifer— Tlotc Pngo allicrtiuilus, . IX. lviii. 57, 63 rlii, liv, lx, lxii, lxiii 67 Ilxis, lxx, 451, 452 anlarclicua, . rt-tjnaudii, . . LXXXIV brevipa, IX. lxii, Ixxxii, 57, 62 1 460, 461, 462, 464 l ciliatus. • ••• 67 466 ineiaus, 67, 58, 62, 64, 65 f lii, liv, Ivii, lxii, lxiii norcwdcntatus, . . 67 Ojpus, . . LXXXI1I -| Ulv, Ixviii, lxx

parrm. m . . Ixxxii, 57 1464, 468 jvronii. • ••* Ixxxii, 68, 6< LiicilWinir, . 219,448 /liii, lxiii, Ixxxii, 57 Lia'tlia, 56 verdi, . . VII., VIII. [ 58, 62. 63 Lymiwtn, . xxvii, xxxv, 781 Icolopus, Ixxviii, 481, 886 pfaiiirutfris, . 678, 682 arcuroslria, . CXLIV. . Ivii, 886 MiicrobrncJiium, . , 788 /** • . . 65 Mivrmiiva ctiinisafi, . . . . 8 Isara . . . 8,11 MncroiiiT.s fmii-ssiires, . • 8 Kyplocaris, Uxrii, 4S1, 689 MALACOSTltACA, . • » slylofrontaUs, OXXI. . lxiii. 690 flxxvi, 84, 372, 376 LADgoustaf longicotoes, 74, 75 Madigopus, • -J373, 383, 435, 438 ordiuaires. "4 1439 rx, xii, Ixxvi, ISO aeeli/ormis, . . . 376 Lalreutcs, . • [ 576, 681 cru&iM, . 381, 382 dorsalia. . 631, 682, 587 dors'ipiun/is. LXV. 376 /Hi, 581, 5S2, 683 / 379, 3S2, 3S4, 386 cnsifcrus, CIV. I 684. 686 tplnimUratit, LXVII. 1 427, 428, 442 /lxiii, 681, 682, 684 sufiitii, . LXVI, . Hi, 378, 382 planus, I.XXXIX. 1686 tout is, 428 /lxiii, 681, 682, 685 /7. 6C, 1S5, 217, 480 unidcnlalns, LXXX1X. .586 Megttlvptt, . \850 Lcander, . 778, 781, 782 Mcleagriua— crratieus, . . 784, 785. 78IJ viiirgariti/cra. • . . 708 nalntor, 784 Meningodora, . 838, 839 rlxxvii. lixxix, 4S1 motlit. . 841, 843 Leploclula,. t858 fxii, lxxvii, 480, 677 gracilis. . CXXXIX. lxvii, 859, 860, 862 Merfoppoli/tc, -j 616, 617, 618, 622 revcraa. 722 W63, 777, 778 rvbusla, . CXXXIX. . Ivii, 859, 862 agulhamisis. ex. . lv. 603, 619 terralorbita, , . CXXXIX. H, 869, 861 oricn/afis, > . lxii, 619, 621 Lio&sic Limestone, 100 MEHOSTOMATA, 114 Limulus, . 461 Metannupliui, 210 LinuparU, 66, 85 Miersia, . . • 730, 732, 733, 734 Irigonus, . 75 agaisixii. • . 733, 734 Loauta— gracilis. • 733 marina. ... 113 jielagica. . 733 Lophogutridg, , 219 . punetulata, . * 733

LoricaU, . • ••• 3,8 Model la— viii, ix, xii, xxvi ayasizii. . lxxxv xxxix, xlii, xliv fxli, 481, 632, 768 xlv, itflj lxxvi Mouocarpidca, . 1778 217, 218, 219, 2S1 Mopta, 66 Lucifer, . 240, 248, 84G, 846 Alunida, . 7, 10 847, 348, 863, 865 MyRiilir, . 6, 219 381, 882, 883, 417 Mysia, . 243, 353 448, 446, 446, 440 chameleon, . , • . 690, 691

463, 464, 466, 467 Naupliiw, . • 218, 219, 242, 243 468, 471, 722 ( «ii, xxxv, xxxix A ca n tb oso m» -stag e • •• 464 Watiticarii, • t Uxvi, 480, 677, 602 aeieuiarU, . > ••> 460 fuliliroslriw, . OIX. . lxvii, 606, 608 AmplnoD-atago. . « ••• 466 f xxxix, lv, lvi, lxxiii Development, . 449 marionit, . OVIII. 1608.610 pacific**, . . 464 roiCricTMcentit, . 044 936 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

WaiUiearis— Plato Page Plate Pngc unircctdcM, ex. . . 1ST, 608 NoilMALIA— NebtUia, . • 403 (Dcnilrobmucbiata), 218, 219 Nematocorcioidm, • . xiii, 481, 927 (Pliyllobtnncliiata), xii, xiii, 480, 4S1 i xiii, xli, xlvi, lxxvii (Tricliol) ranch i a ta), . xi, xii, 56 tfematocarcinus,. . -llxxxvi, 227, 481,622 f xii, lxxvii, 480, 626 A'othoearis,. W31, 800 I 650, 652, 672 all us, . CSX XI I. lxiii, lxxxvii, 809 binoeulus, . . oxiv. . lxii, 666, 658 cursor, > .•• 824 gcnknlatiis,. CXTI. . liv, 661 gracilis. OXXXII. . Ux, 804, 816 ocellus, CXIT. . Ixiv, 653. 657 hiatus. . CXXXII. . . lviii, 821 rottricrcsccntis. . CXIT. 1x11,497,644,653,658 intermedins, CXXXII. . lxvi, 821, 822 spiniserratus. . CXXXII. . lxxii, 663 ylvi, lxxxvii, 804 viii,xiii,xxxix,lxxvii lanccopes, . CXXXI. \ 806, 807, 810 Notostomus, . ... J 481, 731, 762, 824 longicarpus, . Ixxxvi .834,840, 845 s lxviii, lxxxvii, 806 brcvirostris, . . CXXXIT. . . lir, 832 longirostris,. CXXXII. -1 807, 80S, 809, 810 elcgans, . 825, 829, 833 V821 gtblnnttiS, . 825, 831, 833 r lxviii,Ixxxvi, lxxxvii juponicus, . . exxxv. . lxviii, 826, 830 parvidentatus, CXXXII. \ 806, 813, 814, 822 longirostris, . exxxv. . lxii, 825, 833 Nix, Ixxxvi, lxxxvii CXXXIT. paueidentatus. OXXXII. vmrriiyi. . lv, 829, 833 1816, 816 paUntissimus, f OTTTIIL, 1 lxiii, 826, 831, 832 fix, lxii, Ixiv, lxviii \ cxxxiv. \833 productus, . OXXXII. 1810, 814, 822 perlatus. . CXXXIT. 1x111,829,831,832,833 (lv:, lxi, lxviii, lxxi Odontolophts— prvzimalus. . CXXXII. -1 lxxii, lxxxvii, CG6 scrratus. viii, 065 1808, 810 xiii, xxxi, xxxviii 1 lviii, Ixxxvi, lxxxvii xlvi, lxxvii, Ixxx scrratus, . CXXXII. Oplophorus, \819 17, 470, 431, 731 t lxvi, Ixvii, lxviii L769, 760, 768 tenuipa, . CXXXII. \ lxxxvii, 812, 822 brcvirostris, . . CXXTII. . lxv, 766 tenuirostris, . CXXXII. lix, Uvi, 817 graeiliroslris, 766 f lix, lxii, lxiii, lxvi longirostris, . . CXXTII. lix, 765 undulatipa, , exxx. \ 801, 811,819 lxiii. lxvl. 762. 785 tfematosccles, 477 Ojpus, . CXXTII. 7fl7- / xi, xiv, xxxviii, lxxv Oodcopidiu, . . 481, 874 Nephrops, . \ Ixxxv, 56, 177, 184 Oodcopus, . xli, lxxviii, 481, 876 1198 armalus. CXLII. lx, lxi, 879 norregieus, . . 184, 190 dupltx, •XL1II. . lx, lxi, 880 r xxxviii, Ivii, Ixiv geminiilcHlatus, CXLII. lxi, 876, 879 thomsoni. XXT..XXVL|184 lg6191- yibbosus, CXLII I. . . liii, 882 f xi, xiv, xxx, lxxv, inlermedius, . CXLII!. . lxi, 879 Ntphropsis, • 160, 176, 177, 184 longisjrinus, . CXLII. . . lxiii, 881 agassisi, . , . 177, 181 flvii, lx, lxiii, 877

atlantiea, . I ... 177 scrralus, CXLII. .879 eoniubiensis. 177 J lxxviii, lxxxix, 481 orientalis, . • . 171, 176 Or/mania, , . > \ 868, 872 rosea, . XXIII.,XXIT. lii, lxxxiii, 177, 178 tenuimanti, . '.'XLI. lii, 866, 872 stewarti. - 176, 177, 182 Paehybdella, • . 919,920 wuhmi. XXIII.,XXIT. lxii, 177, 181 Packard, Mr., . • 638 Neptunu*— Paguridic, . • . . 3,6 biunguiculaius, . • 634 Pagurus, . . .16, 17, 919 t x, xii, XXXT, xxxvii xiii, xiv, xix, xxri Nika, • \xl, lxxW, 480,626 xxxv, lxxviii, lxxx ululis. • 627 Palssmon, . 481, 702, 703, 768 Jtawaiensis, . • 626 778, 781, 786, 788 japonita. • 626 affinis, . OXXTIII. . ITU, 782. 788 macrognatha. 620 beaupressii, . • ••• 798 processes, XCT. . . lxiii, 627 brtvlmanuM, . 779 Nikidtt, . . xli, xli, 480, 608 brevirostris,. . 544 REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 937

Palamon— Plato Tago Plato Pago oarcinus, 779, 780, 789 ix, xi, xiv, xxi, xxiii carinatHS, • • 297, 294 Palinunis, . xxiv, xxvii, xxviii coromaiuieliamu, 779 xxix, 66, 67, 74, 75 divcrttttianus, ... > 568 f 84, 86, 88, 89, 97 fueorum. 584, 779 amcricaniu, 76 grandiwuinus, . 798 argus, . 76 kirtimanus,. 789 burgeri. 76 76 Zor, . - • - 779, 789 dasijpus. lxxxi lanc\fcr, 297 edioatxisii, . 76, 83 locusta, ... > 779 ekrenbergi, . 74, 75, 85 Imgimcmus, • . 779, 792 fasciatus. . lxxxi, 76 longirostris. 782 frontalis, . 74, 76, 78 7ialator, •'xxvin. lii, 584 781,784,786 guttatus. . 75, 76, 85 ornatus, 792 hugelii. 75 jtetUtJioiiarsii, ... • 753 intcrrupttts, . xxxvii, 75 quoiamis, • * 781 japonicus, xxxvu, 75, 76, 83, 87 SCabricitlus, . 789 lalandii. lxxxi, 75, 86 779, 7o0, 784, 785 loiigimanus, . . 85 scrratus. :.: \ 7B0, 797 longipes, sinensis. • 789 ornatus. 76 speetabilis, • . 789 penicillatus, 75, 82, 83 squilla, 77 , 780, 781, 782 spinosus. 75, 76 supcrbus, 789 sulcatus. 76 tenuirostris, 782 tn'gonus, lxxx, 76, 85 tranqucbartctis, . 779 versicolor. 83 villosus. 568 xii:, xxiii, xxix, xxx xxxrii, lxxxi, 74, 75 vulgaris. • 782 vulgaris, 76, 83, 84, 86 «P 216 { lxxv ,481,781,786 Pandalidar,, . xii, 480, 625 Paltemonelia, '"• \ 804 / lxxvii, 480, 627,652 orienlalis, , . lxtti, 787 Pandalopsis, 1653,671 tenuipef. 781 ampitis. cxv. . . Ixxiii, 671 i *i". d, xii, 220, 222 xii, xxvi, xxxv Pal«raonid , 88 Pantomus, . viii longipes, ix, xi, xxiii, xxiv, 66 86, 89 Panulirus, . jrygmsso. . ::: 86, 89 {;69,7 7 938 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

PanuUrus— Plate fegu PCUKHS— Plate I'.IRC amerieanus, . • « 77 ajjinis. . 266, 267, 265 angulatus, . XI. . Ixti, lxxxi, 81 anchoratis, . xxxv. Ixi, hii, 253,267,258 argua,. * ... . . 77 anUnnalm,, . . 218, oil

burgcri. • ... 78 bartoliis. 256 dasyjms, . . 77 /xvii, xxv, xxvi, lx dugcssU, • •<< lxxxi caiialieulatw*. XXXII. 1 Ixxxiv, 230, 243 chrcrtbcrgii, • ... lxxxi, 77 I 244, 264 faxiatus. • •• lxxxi ,77, 78 . canalienlatus. vor. i f vVA*V*l* . . lvii, 248 guttatus, X.A. liv, Ixxxi, 77, 78 australicitst\ . interruptus, . , . Ixxxi, 77 • XXXI., japonica, lxxxi, 77, 78 canal icitlatus. vur. J „. ! . lxvii, 245 japoniCHa. \ longimanua. Ixxxi \ XXXVM. bngipa, . lxxxi caraviotw. . . 230, 241 OJTVUlU, lxxxi, 77, 78 carinatus, . 260, 262 penicillatus, XII. lxx, Ixxxi, 77, 82 trassicoriiis,. . 275, 28.1 spcciosia, lxxxi esculentiis, . . 252 sphiosus, . . . 77 flxii, Ixiv, lxv, 222 JUnmu, XXXVI. siUeattts, . lxxxi, 77 \ 257, 263, 267 x, xii, xxxv, xxxix f lvii, lx, 271, 27a i I//KCI ',.-. Paralphmus, . ... lxxvi, Ixxxix, 480 \»8 567, 573, 674 (Ixi, lxii, Ixiv. 250 divcrsimanus. Oil. 1 . Ixi, 568 ina'sipcs. . XXXIV. 1 257, 265 Parantphrops, . . . xi, 58, 193, 195 indicia, XXXIII. . Ixiv, 248, 250 Paraslacvs, . xi, Ixxxiv, 58, 1P3 japon ictu. 224 Parathuuas, _ lxxvi, 480, 530, 723 WAV, . . 218 decorticm, . . LXXXIX. . . Ixiii, 530 Mimbranaccti*. . 276 immalurta. . . lxv, 632 MONWIW) • . 267, 264, 266 Paraxius, . xi, 7,9,10,37,40,41 1 Ixi, Ixiv, Ixxxiv, 242 mt'Hodon. XXXIV. alius, .' , V. Ixvi. 37 1 249, 250, 251 Paribaceu*, 56 Philippine n*i#. XXXV. lxii, Ixiv, Ixvi, 261 xxxv, xxxviii, xlUi r lix, lxv, 267, 266 raiacutvu, . . XXXVI. Pasipluca, . 1 i Ixxvii, Ixxxix, xc 1268, 269 220, 481, 857, 863 3cmixulcatH3, . 250,261,252 acuti/roHS, . UX11. Ixviii, lxxiii,865,871 rxxV| xlvi, lix, Ixi werraha. • XXXVII. amplidsns, . OXLI. . Ixviii, 865, 870 \ 257, 268 brevirostris, . . 865 xiphonccrrw. 275 cristata. . CXL., OXLI. lix, K, 865, 870 xpcciosa, . Ixxxiv glacialis, . 889, 841 tahitcnsis, . • 252 lurvegica, . . 865 icnellits. . Ixviii, 273, 270 savignyii, . . 865 tenuis, 271 i Ixi, lxii, lxvii, Ixviii rivado, 866 vclutinun, . XXXIII. tarda, . • • — 885, 873, 874 i 263, 256, 257, 262 Pttaipliceidre, . 481, 867 1 Viii-c boreal. . 211 Peltogaslcr, . 919, 920, 926 • ix, xi, xxxviii, xlii Pcmphix, Ixxx J lxxv, Ixxxiii, 66, 103 Pcntachcles, • xii, xlvi, 6, 206, 207 1 121, 126, 137, 143 Penfuula:, . . ... 218, 219, 220, 221 M65, 815 225, 227 agassisii. . 143 8, 8, 219, 220, 221 auriculatus. XVI. 169 PSHAIDKA, i 226, 472 rx, Iviii, lix, 104,106 Penmopsia, . . • . . 227, 278, 275 cuUvrix, XVII. •1 107,108,109,110,111 ix, xii, xxv. xxxi U21, 149, 160 xxxvi, xxxix, lxxvi gracilis. XVI. f l>x, 108, 109, 114 8,162, 207, 216, 217 1146 219, 221, 222, 223 (Ixvi, lxxi, 108, 121 Penmus, . . - • Imiris, . XV. 224, 225, 227, 229 1144, 148 281, 232, 238, 287 rlxvi, 109, 110, 121 obscu7'a, XV. 240, 243, 274, 298 (148, 146 L296, 811, 865, 867 sculptus. ... 141, 142, 143 KEPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA.

Pmlaehdcs— Plate ftflQ Plat© Page xphiosa, 141 Podoctrus, . 194 "ithnii, 151 xli, xxxviii, Ixxv ml Mna. 143 POLVCAUPIDKA, . Ixxxiii, 430, 60S lxxvi, Ixxxiv, 219 ( 768 Pt/a/idiwu, 345, 346, 348, 302 xi, xlii, 12, 66, 101 foliaceum, . i.x. ]vi, Ivii, 349 102, 103, 108, 109 Petafophlhatmas. 91S PohjK'hela, . 111, 112, 114, 116 Pcitiniira, . .lxxvi, 219, 323 116, 120, 125, 126 gtihcrnata, . MM, . liv, 324 165, 255 Ptleinanu, 219 Mix. 108, 109, 119 Philonicus. See Pleoticus. SHCMAI, XIV. \ 121, 127, 131, 135 j xi, xiv, Ixxv, 53, 6fl PAoberas, . 1188, 161 1170, 207 li, 108,109, 110,113 tcnuimatius, xxi., XXII. lxii, Ixxxi, 171,181 erne/few. XIII, 114, 119, 126, 127 Phryxas— ( 131 al/dominali^, 646, 921 lviii, Ixvi, 109, 119 hymltaanni, 646 heUerl, . XIV., XV. 127, 138, 141, 142 1 xii, xiu, xviti, xxvi {]144 , 161.812 PHYLLOI1KAKCHIATA, xxvii, xxxi, xli, 3 rosea. . 126 217, 213,478, 918 sculptus, . 126, 141, 143 vii.xiVjXxxviiijlxxv spiuota, 141 56, 87, 88, 89, 90 101, 109, 126, 127 Phyltosomn\ typhlopft, 94, 97, 217, 901 7, 8, 10, XI, 12 902 Potitnloehelc; x, xii, lxxvi, lxxxv Pontoearfu, . brcvicorve. 96 (480, 494, 496, 496 furcicaudatu xi :,!'. . liii. 98, 99, 100 pernio'«. xoi. . . lxii, 499 gutrini, 74 pt'nuata, Ixxxr Zaiieortu, 95 prop-itsalaia, I LXXXV., J lviii| fcii, 496. 502 philippaisr, XII. V- Ixiii, 99, 100 samboangeil - rx, xii, xxxv, xli stylieornis, 94 Pontonia, . . \ Ixxvii, 481, 706 rcrdense, XII. D. . . liii, 98 V706, 707 1 ttrf-es-corns-.- 95 mtleagrian; exxxv. lxi, 711, 707 PimvAhercs, 707 parasitica, • •*• . . 707 Pimia, ... 707 Iridacntc, . 711 Planularia, 55 lyrrhctiit, . 707,711 Platybcnia, Ixxvi, 480,676,678 Poutonia enlUV. 710 mueronatum 582 Poutoniiiln*. xii, 481, 927 planirostris, 679 fi, xii, lxxvi, 480 Poniophilns, rugosum, CIV. li, 679, 581, 869 \ 483, 486 Platysaeeiu— gracilis, . LXXXVII. riv, iviii, lxi, urn fxxxu, Ixxiv, lxxvi 1487, 492, 496,804 crcnatu*. LXIII. I 363 junccus, . LXXXVIII. . Ixiii, 491 (xii, 217, 219, 228 profundus, . LXXXVIII. . lvii, 490, 492 PUotiau, . 1273, 281 Porcollauiilic, . 3, 6 i-xlii, lTiii, lxii, 277 Potamobita, 192 tueasii, \497 fiwouUUis, • ..i 192 rxlv, lxxui, 276,280 Proccssa, . 525 miiUeri, XXXIX. 1282 flxxvui, 481, 888 Proeleta, . ptctinatiu, nrnn . xlv, lxi, 279 " "" I 889 t xii, xxxvii, lxxvii biangulatus, . OXXVII. . . lxii, 884 PUtionika, . | 480, 626, 640, 661 cttioti,. . 886 1652, 664 ProtOEOoa, . . 243 brtvirtutrii, OXIII. . Ixiii, 660 Psevdibaeciis, • . . w /liv, lvii, lviii, lix PygocephaUu— mnilmvi*, CXI] I. t Ixiii, 644, 646, 660 huxleyi, xo

tpinipa, OXIII. Ixvi, 646, 648, 666 PyloduUs, . • ••• . 7, 8,10,11, 18 unidm$, OXIII. . . Ixvi, 648 agattizti, 18 uniproducta, OXIII. xx, liv, 641 Pyloohalidc, f ••• . xi, 7,10,11 940 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

PLto Page Scrgcstes— Plate I'ogo BaehUia— caudalm, ...... 372,435 spinalis, 876 / lxi, lxvi, lxviii, 805 corniculitm,. LXXV. Regulus, . 682 1410.413,428 RHIZOOEI'HALA, . . 923 cornutus, . 386, 887, 397 Rliizoceplialidte, . 924,926 crassus, . 376, 381 Kchardina— (Development), . 353 spiaicincia, . . . . xiv diapmUitts, , LXXII. lxxiv, 399 RAomaieoearis, . . Ixxvii, 481, 720 dissimilis, . . Hii, 437 Jiamulus, oxnr. lx, 720, 721 dorsispintth's. LXXII. . Ivi, 394, 396 Rhynchocinctes, . viii Hii, liii, lxviii, 403 cdtcardsii, . USUI. Rhyncliocyclus, . 678 \404, 428 planiroslris, , 578 (Elaphocaris-ztage), 358, 453 Sabinea, . . x, xii, lxxri, 480, 492 fcrmiriukii. LXXVI. . lxxi, 419 sarsii, . . . 493, 494 frisii, . . 389,394 septcmcnrinaUi, . I.YTTtV., XC. . . lii, 493 intermedins, . Ixv, 383, 384 (666, 919, 923, 924 flxv, 346, 350, 352 Saceulina, . joponicus, . LXX, \ 925, 926 \ 387, 388 Snlicoques,. . . 3 junceus, LXXVI. lxxi, 416, 423 xi, UXT, 7, 10, 28 kroycri. LXX. Iviii, 346, 352, 388 Scallasis, . : : \ 34,36 laciiiiatita, . . . 413 amboiax, . ii. lxiii, 34, 36 llCcirnUnttii, LXVII. lxvi, 384, 425, 426 Scapheus, . . Ixxxl l

Plato P*gc Stercomaslis— Plate Plane ix, xii, xxv, xxvi jlxxiii, 107, 109, 121 (Pe/Uadides) suhmi, xxxi, xxxvi, xlvi \168 Sicyowa, . Ixxvi, 219, 221, 223 IxxiiI XX 11, lxxiii, 103,104 227, 273, 292 i suhmi, xv 107, 108, 109, 110 J xxv, li, lv, 292, 293 {148,. 154, 162, 145 (ornate, XLIII, 1294, 297 Stochasmtu, xiii, lxxvii, 481, 822 cristate, 294, 297 exilis, exxxn . liii, 823 (Hippolyte) bispinosa, 294 Stylocfieirou, 471 {Hippolyte) crislaUi, 294, 297 Stylodactylidte, . 481, 860 Uevis, . XLIII. lxvi, 81, 298, 294 Slylodaelyhu, . 481, 850 laiicifer, XLHI- lxi, 293, 294, 297 hima.viHuri.- CXXXVIM. lxvi, lxxvii, 855 occllala, . 293, 294 discissipes, exxxvm. Ux, 861,853,854, 855 parvula, 294 oricittalis, oxxxvin. lix, 852, 863, 854 sculpta, XLIII. . liii, 293, 294 scrratus, 853 Sipunctdus, 65 (919. 920, 921, 922 Sylon, CXLIX., OL (xxvi, 221, 224, 228 \92S Solciwcera,. I 274, 284, 804 challenger!, 919, 922, 923, 925 lucasii, 277 hippolytcs, . 920, 922 x, xii, xxxv, xxxix patulali, . 920, 922 Ixxvi, 480, 574, 575 /922, 923, 924, 92f. scfmciileii, SpirotUocaris, 676, 596, 611,616 1926 618 sp., . 922 xxxv, xxxvi, Hi, 596 x, xii, xxxv, Ixxvi spinas. CVI., CVII I 611, 922, 923 Synalphcu*, lxxxix.480,572,573 spina*, var. a, OVI. 599 ( 674 spinas, var. J3. CVI. 599 fa Icatii*, pill. lxi, 536, 674 OVI. 599 (xxx, 56, 57, 88, 111 spintis, var. y. Synares, spinus, var. 6, CVII. 599 1112, 120 spinus, var. t, OVI. 600, 919, 922, 923 kybriditn, 88, 111 spinus, var. {, CVI. 600 vii, xxvii, xii, xlvii spintts, var. n. CVI. 600 SYNAXIDEA, xlviii, xlix, 56, 91 XL, xxxvi, xxxix, xii ( 209, 918 Ixxvi, Ixxx, 56, 184 Systellaspi>, lxxvii, Ixxx, 481, 757 . 768, 760 Spongicola, 1206, 207, 208, 209 debilis, 210, 213, 220, 227 lanccocaudala, 0XX1V. . lxvii, 758 1275 Table of Classification, 4,5 VCHUShl, XXIX. lxv, 213, 214, 216 Claim, 5; Dana, 6; de Squilla— Haon, 4; Holler, 6 grocniandica . 210, 211 Huxley, 6; Latreille,4 Squillida:, . ix, 6 Milne-Edwards, 3. 486 / xi, xii, xlvii, lxxv, 7 Steiraerangon, Tlialassina, Steiuxhsles— \8, 10, 18, 28, 64 eSOClRHS, xl graeilu, 18 xi, xii, Ixxxiv, 6, 66 maxima, 18 Stenopida:, ( 206, 208, 209 seorpiotioidcs in., iv. lix, Ix, 18, 19, 23 STBNOriDBA, .66, 206 Thalassinidn;, xi, 7, 8. 9, 10,18 xi, xxxvi, xii, xlvii Thalassinidtn, 2,8,8 Ixxvi, 8, 56, 206, 207 ThaUasiniens, . . 3,8 SUnopus, . 208, 209, 210, 213 Thalassocaridft, lxxvii, 481, 682 220, 227, 275 Thalassocaris, xxxi, 681, 682 ensifenu, 210 dan/v, . cm . - ix, 68S (li, lx, 210. 211 fucida, 683 hispidus, XXX. 1212 stitnpsoiii, oxvii. . lx, lxviii, 684 tpinosus, 210 ix, xi, xiv, xxxviii Thaumastoehele,<, x, xi, lxxv, lxxxiii (xl, lxxxi, 7, 46, 66 SUreomastu, ( 66,164 zaleuea, vi., vii. xl, li, 47, 53, 56 auriaUata, (lix, 108, 109, 110 ThaumutoclielidK, . xi, 7, 9,11, 46 xv r. X121,169 Thenops— {PentaeheUs) auriculata. 121 aeyllaryformis, lxxxii, 65, 66 •942 THE VOYAGE OF H .M.S. CHALLENGER.

Plat* Pago ?\%u Pftfic Tlteuiu, . ••• Uxv, 66, 65 Vcrbim— orietUalw, . Ui, Ixxxii, 63, 66 MWOJW, Tazenma, . . xxvi, 618 IX, XI, XIV, XV, XVI aerratum, 618 xxi, xxxviii, xlii "TribudosEryons," 112 lxxv, lxxxiii, 66, 69 Wllcvuesia, • •» /xi, xxvi, xxxi, xxxix 101, 103, 112, 113 TRICHOBRANOHIATA, -C xli, xlii, xliv, 3, 6,7 116, 118, 121. 126 1217,918 1162, 170 Tropi/er— eraci/era, ... 66, 113, 127 Imvis, . Ixxxv cutkrix. •M 149 Tropiocaridir, ••• . xiii, 481, 027 XVIII., ili, Iv, lxxi, 108, 113 Tropiocaris, ... lxxvii, 481, 884 lepfodaetyla XIX.. XX. { 163.163, 490, 626 pUuiipts, OXXXVI. . lxvii, 836 XylnpJiocaris, 218 tCHUipti, OXXXVI. Ixi, 836, 836, 841 Zoes,. . J 7, 66, 186, 217, 218 TVopirinua, 760 1 480. 916 Trypma, . . 7, 10, 28 Zoonlocarv, Ixxvi, 478 Typton, xli, 481,706 approzimus IXXXV. . - lxiv, 475 ftrftta . ... . 687, 689 tfalathfir. I, XXXV. . ivii.474 REPORT

OH lltr SCIENTIFIC RESULTS

o> in* VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER DURING THE YEARS i S73-76

UNUKR THE COMMAS!. OT

CAPTAIN GEORGE S. NARES. R.N.. F.R.S. IN* im i»te f;^„.. CAPTAIN FRANK TOURLE THOMSON. R.N.

[•Rtll'ARUl UNDER lilt SUr&KINTbNOkKCK OK •HE LAI I Sir C. WYVILLE THOMSON. Knt.. F.RA. &c. • i .i' i riiiiitmi nr • i: i • ii ii-"iiv i» uir I'MHHIIV <>» H>IHI>V*I>II II «i •:..,. <>r (in CIVILIAN •(limine mrr .IN KUHI A nti mil or JOHN MURRAY "••* »r im *• n.'iii ur TM« > •>. LIT K>-

ZOOLOGY—VOL. XXIV.

PLATES

Publisbeo b]> «corr of ©tr iflaitfltp'6 ©ootnnntnt

PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OF'FJCK AH*MO W LONDON ;-EYRK A SPOTTISWOODE, EAST HARDING STREET. FETTER LANE EDINBURGH :-ADAM ft CHARLES BLACK DUBLIN :~HODGES. FIGGIS, & CO. l888 CONTENTS.

RKPORT on the CROSTACEA MACRUKA dredged by H.M.S. CHALLENOER during the years 1873-1876.

By C. SPEKCE BATE, F.R.S., &c. Cheiroplatea cenobita (p. 12).

Fig. 1?. Lateral view; enlarged twice. „ la. Ophthalmopod or eye. 16. First antenna.

»> 1c. Second antenna.

11 Id. Siagon or mandible.

>> le. First siagnopod or maxilla.

>» 1/! Second siagnopod or maxilla. >» Ig. Third siagnopod or maxilla (injured ?).

i) Ih. First gnathopod.

>> \i. Second gnathopod. " Ik. First pair of pereiopoda, chelae.

rt In. Fourth pereiopod; terminal joints,

ft lo. Fifth pereiopod ; terminal joints. Ibr. Branchial plume, lr. String of ova. n Iwzv. Rhipidura; z, telson; VjV, posterior pair of pleopoda.

Cheramus orientalis (p. 30).

it 2. Lateral view; enlarged four times. » 2c. Cephalon and carapace (dorsal view).

it 2a. Ophthalmopod or eye.

it 26. First antenna. Flagella.

ti 2t. Second gnathopod. )) 2a Fifth pereiopod; terminal joints. " 2q. Second pleopod.

it 2r. Third pleopod. it 2s. Fourth pleopod; ms, stylamblys, cincinnuli, and hair ; magnified. it 2br. Branchial plume. •i 2br. Section of branchia. >' 2v. Posterior pleopoda, margin; magnified. 1* 2z. Telson. PLATE II.

Cheramus occidentalis (p. 32).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged two and a half times. 10. Cephalon, lateral view of carapace, with ophthalmopod, fir3t antenna, and peduncle of second. „ lz. Tekon; v, sixth pair of pleopoda.

Callianassa occidentalis (p. 29).

„ 2k First pereiopod; natural size.

Scallasis ambointe (p. 34).

3. Lateral view; enlarged four times. 3a,a. Ophthalmopoda. 3D. First antenna. 3i. Second pair of gnathopoda (attached). 3o. Fifth pereiopod. 3r. Third pleopod. Sr.ms. Stylamblys; magnified. Zbr. Branchial plume.

3vzt>. Rhipidura; z, telson ; vtvt posterior pair of pleopoda. 4. Ventral aspect; enlarged six times. Posterior somites of pleon and rhipidura reversed. PLATE III.

Thalasshia scorpionoides, nat. size (p. 19). it. Peduncle of first antenna; c", coxal joint seen in section, showing the acoustic apparatus; c"', arrangement of hairs within the chamber; c"", one of the hail's magnified. d. Siagon or mandible. e. First siagnopod. f. Second siagnopod, with one of the hairs of the mastigohranchial lash magnified in sections. PLATE IV.

Tkcdassina scorpionoidcs, branclme (p. 19).

Fig. 1. Pereion, showing the form and arrangement ol' tlu* brauchice; lateral wall of the carapace removed.

„ h. First gnathopod with rudimentary mastigobranclna, with podobranehia and arthrobranchia attached ; h", arthrobranchial plume (detached); enlarged.

„ i. Second gnathopod with rudimentary mastigobraiichia, with pudobranchia attached; i", arthrobranchial plume detached, showing the under side; enlarged.

„ k Coxa of first pereiopod with rudimentary mastigobranchial lash, with the podobranchial plume attached; &", anterior arthrobranchia detached, showing under side; W, posterior arthrobranchia, showing upper surface;

V'"t under surface of the base of the same ; enlarged. faraxins turn* VF- ** h

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged three times. 1, Rostrum, upper surface. Id. Siagou or mandible. \g. Third siagnopod. Ik First gnathopod. It. Second gnathopod (with podobranchi;. and mastigobmnchw dotachec!) lit. First pcrciopod. 1/. Second pereiopod. la Fifth pereiopod (extremity). \q. Second plcopod (part). \vzv. Rhipidura; /-, telson ; r,r, pleopoda. ibr. Branchial plumes.

Eiconaxius acutifrons (p. 40).

2?. Lateral view; enlarged three and a half times. 2?. Upper surface of rostrum, female. 2 $ . Rostrum, male. 2tf. Siagon or mandible. 2*7. Third siagnopod. 2A. First gnathopod. 2e. Second gnathopod. 2&£ First pcrciopod ; from the left side. 2q. Third plcopod, with stylamblys and a eincinnulus detached and magnified.

Eicotumm kermadeci, female (p. 43).

3 ? . Lateral view of a female specimen; enlarged twice.

>< 3&. First pereiopod; from the left side. 8fcr. First pereiopod; from the right side. 'M. Second pereiopod.

Mcoiiaxius parvus (p. 44).

4. Lateral view of a female specimen ; enlarged four times. ii 5. Brephalos extracted from the ovum, seen from the ventral surface; magnified about thirty times. PLATE VI.

Thawnastocheles zaieuca, nat. size (p. 47). c. Ventral aspect of the cephalon. o". Frontal aspect of the same.

6. First antenna. c. Second antenna. k. First gnathopod. i. Second gnathopod.

Id. First pereiopod, showing the propodos.

W. First pereiopod, showing the articulation of the dactylos.

¥'. First pereiopod, showing the articulation of the ischium with the basis. n. Fourth pereiopod; terminal joints. o. Fifth pereiopod; terminal joints. p. First pleopod. q. Second pleopod. PLATE VII.

Thnumastockelen zdleuca (p. 47).

Fig. 1. Pereion ; lateral view, with part of carapace removed to show the arrangement of the branchiae.

I6r. Diagram of the vertical arrangement of a section of the branchial apparatus.

„ le. First siagnopod.

„ 1/ Second siagnopod.

„ 1«7- Third siagnopod.

„ Ik. First gnathopod.

Ibacctts verdi (p. 58).

,, 2. Dorsal aspect of the pereion with the carapace removed to show the branchiae; left side with the branchiae intact, right shown in section.

„ 2d. Siagones or mandibles; ff, shows the position of the extremities of the second pair of siagnopoda.

„ 2e. First pair of siagnopoda

„ 2f. Second pair of siagnopoda.

„ 2g. Third pair of siagnopoda.

,. 2k. First pereiopod; showing the coxa with mastigobranchia and podobranchiii attached.

„ plcf. Upper surface of the pyloric apparatus.

„ py. Under surface of the pyloric apparatus. PLATE VIII.

Ibaccus verdi, nat. size (p. 58).

$ . Male, showing ventral aspect.

?. Female, showing dorsal aspect. c. Oephalon ; dorsal aspect; 6, first antenna); <*, second antenn*. o $ . Fifth pereiopod of the male.

'.>?. Fifth pereiopod of the female. p S • First pleopod of the male. p$. First pleopod of the female. q $ . Second pleopod of the male.

Ibaccus brevipet;. (p. 62).

Fig. 1. Dorsal aspect of the animal, male ; nat. si*?.

>, lQ. Second somite of pleon.

„ \q. Second pleopod.

Ibaccus alturenatus (p. 63).

„ 2?. Dorsal view of a female ; nat. size.

Arctus xordidus (p. 66).

„ 3. Dorsal view of a female; nat. sum.

„ 3". One side of the ventral aspect of pereion ; enlarged.

„ •!<] $ . Second pleopod of the male.

„ 3??. Second pleopod of the female.

>. 3r $ . Third pleopod of the male.

„ 3?'?. Third pleopod of the female.

Arctus orientalis (p. 68).

„ 4. Dorsal view of the female; nat. size.

,, 4". One side of the ventral aspect of pereion ; enlarged.

„ 4o£ . Extremity of posterior pcreiopod of the male.

„ 4o?. Extremity of posterior pcreiopod of the female. PLATE X.

Arctus tuberculatus (p. 70).

Fig. 1. Lateral view ; natural size.

„ 2. Dorsal view; enlarged three times.

„ lo$ . Fifth paii- of pereiopoda of the male.

„ lo?. Fifth pair of pereiopoda of the female.

Arctus immatuvus (p. 71).

„ 3. Dorsal aspect of a specimen; enlarged four times.

„ 3". Ventral aspect of percion.

A ivtwt pygtn&us (p. 73).

„ 4?. Dorsal aspect of a female; enlarged four and a half times.

„ 4c. Second antenna.

„ 4t/. Third pleopod and stylamblys; the latter detached and magnified.

„ 4r. Brephalos; extracted from the ovum. PLATE XA.

Pamdirus guttatus, var., nat. size (p. 78). c. Part of second antenna, showing the stridulating organ. PLATE XL

Palinostus lalandii (p. 86).

(Palinurus lalandii on Plate.)

Fig 1. A young specimen; twice the natural size.

„ lq. Second pleopod.

Panulirtts angulatus (p. 81).

„ 2. Ventral aspect of a young and imperfect specimen; enlarged two and a half times.

„ 2q. Second pleopod.

„ 3. Dorsal aspect.

„ 4. Lateral aspect. PLATE XIA.

Patino&tus Udandii, nat. size (p. 86). PLATE XII.

Palinostus kdandii (p. 86).

(Palinuru* lalandii on Plato.) ig. 1. Lateral view, with part of the carapace removed to show the arrangement of the branchise.

„ lh. First gnathopod.

„ li Second gnathopod.

Panulirus penicillatus (p. 82).

„ 2. Lateral view of pereion, with part of the carapace removed to show the arrangement of the branchiae ; slightly enlarged.

„ 2h. First gnathopod.

„ %i. Second gnathopod. PLATE XIIA.

PALINUBIDJE—Development.

Fig. 1. Brcphalos of Palinunis vulgcvrisy extracted from the ovum; magnified twenty- five times (p. 89).

„ 2. Brephalos of a Pa/wwus' (?),tnken off Samboangan ; magnified twenty-eight times (p. 90).

„ 3. Phyllosoma of a Panulirus (?),taken off the Celebes Islands; magnified nine times (p. 91).

,, 4. Cephalon of fig. 2; «, a, bases of ophthalniopoda; byb, bases of first pair of antenna? ; c, c, bases of second pair of antennae. PLATE XIIB.

PALINURID.*:—Development (p. 89).

Fig. i. Phyllosoma of a Panulirus (?), taken off the Fiji Islands; magnified -seven times (p. 91).

„ 2. Pleon of the same; v, posterior pleopod.

.„ 3." Nervous system of a Phyllosoma of Panulirus (?) (p. 91). a,ct. Ophthalmopoda. b,b. First antennas. v,c. Second antenna!. <;'. The phymacerite.

y$. Green gland (Zggy shows structure enlarged). d. Mandibles. e. First pair of siagnopoda- Hjy. Hepatic ducts. F-H. Ganglia of thorax. K-O. Ganglia of pereion. o,o. Posterior pair of pereiopoda. p-T. Ganglia of pleon. v. Sixth somite of pleon.

y.yv. Rhipidura.

SUYLLARID^E—Development (p. 95).

„ 46. Second antenna of a Phyllosoma of one of the Scyllaridte (p. 96). „ 4e. First siagnopod.

„ 4f. Second siagnopod.

„ Ag. First gnathopod (?).

„ 4&. Second gnathopod (?).

„ Aq. Podobranchia and mastigobranchia of pereiopod; not yet escaped from the embryonic sac. PLATE XIIc.

PALWVSJDM and SCYLLARID^—Development, (p. 95).

Fig. 1. Phylloaoma of Panulirus (?), from the West Indies; enlarged three times (pp. 94, 97). „ 2. Phylloaoma of one of the Scyllaridse ; enlarged eight times (p. 96). PLATE XIID.

SOYLLARID/K—Development

Fig. l. Phyllosvma furcivamlatvm. Young of one of the ScylkrirUe ; enlarged fiftee times (p. 98).

„ 2/! Second siagnopod of PhyUosoma. wrdense; enlarged (p. 98).

„ 22. Telaou of the same.

„ 8P, Pleon of Phylhsoina jrivilippinense; z, telson ; in, posterior pair of pereiopoda (p. 99). PLATE XIIE.

Krijoneicius cxcus (p, 122).

Fig. 1. Dorsal aspect; enlarged five and a half times.

„ 2. Ventral aspect; enlarged seven times.

b. First antenna. <-. Second antenna. /•. First pereiopod. /. Second pereiopod. m. Third pereiopod. U. Fourth pereiopod. o. Fifth pereiopod. ]\ Pleon. JJ. First pleopod. A. Telson. hi: Branchial plume. PLATE XIII.

Polycheles cittcifera (p. 127).

Fig. 1. Dorsal aspect; enlarged two and a half times. c. Anterior portion of the dorsal surface of the cephalon; considerably en­ larged, showing both pairs of antennas (6, c), and the ophthalmopoda. p. Pleon; lateral view. a. Ophthalmopod seen from the front when the antennas, b and c, arc removed. 6. First antenna, the peduncle, viewed laterally. i. Second gnathopod. o. Terminal joints of the posterior pair of pereiopoda. •p. First pleopod of male. q. Second pleopod with two stylamblydes of male. PLATE XIV.

Polyckeka baccaia (p. 131).

Fig. 1. Dorsal view of male; enlarged one-fourth.

„ lo. Anterior portion of cephalon, showing a, ocular notch; o, first antenna; c, second antenna.

„ 1P. Pieon; lateral view.

„ lo, ?. Posterior pereiopod of female.

„ l£,oo. Posterior pair of pereiopoda of male ; pp, first pair of pleopoda of -same.

„ Ip, $. First pleopod of female.

„ \q, $. Second pleopod of male, with two stylamblydes.

„ \q, ?. Second pleopod of female, with one stylamblys.

Polycheles helkri (p. 138).

„ 2. Dorsal view; enlarged three times.

„ 2o. Anterior portion of cephalon, showing a, ocular notch; 6, first antenna; c, second antenna.

„ 2p. Pleon; lateral view.

„ 2o, $. Posterior pereiopod of male.

„ 2p, $. First pleopod of male. PLATE XV.

• Polyckeles hdleri (p. 138). (Pentaclietes heUeri on Plate.)

Fig. 1. Anterior portion of the dorsal surface of the cephalon, showing the ophthal- mopoda and both pairs of antenna3 (6, c).

Pentacheles obscura (p. 143).

„ 2, ?. Dorsal aspect of the female ; enlarged twice.

„ 2P. Pleon; lateral view.

„ 2o, ? . Posterior pereiopod, chelate in female.

Stereomastis suhmi (p. 154). {Pentacheles suhmi on Plate.)

„ 3c. Dorsal view of the animal, male; enlarged twice.

„ 3c. Lateral half of the anterior dorsal portion of cephalon, showing ocular notch, ophthalmopod (a), and first antenna (6).

„ 3c. First antenna.

„ 3o, Z • Posterior pereiopod of male, showing elongation of the vas deferens.

,, 4. Lateral view of the same animal.

Pentacheles Items (p. 144).

„ 4c. Anterior portion of cephalon; dorsal aurface, showing ocular notch with ophthalmopod.

„ 5 ? . Dorsal view of female; enlarged twice.

„ 5P. Pleon; lateral view.

„ 5o, ?. Posterior pair of pleopoda in female. PLATE XVI.

Pentacheles gracilis (p. 146).

Fig. 1, ?. Dorsal view of the female ; enlarged one and three-quarter times.

„ lc. Part of the anterior portion of the ccphalon; enlarged, showing the ocular notch (a), with the position of the ophthalmopod traced beneath; first antenna (6) ; second antenna (c).

„ lo. Posterior pair of pereiopoda of female.

„ 2. Lateral view of the same animal.

Stweomastis atiHcutata (p. 159). {Pentoehelee auriculata on Plate.)

>( 8, ?. Dorsal view of the female.

„ 3c. Anterior portion of the dorsal surface of the cephalon, showing the ocular notch with the ophthalmopod (a).

„ 3o". Anterior portion of the cephalon, showing the lateral and under view, ophthal­ mopod (a), and second antenna (c).

„ 3o. Chela of posterior pereiopod ; female.

„ 3j. Second pair of pleopoda.

„ 4. Lateral view of the same animal. PLATE XVII.

Pentacheles eutkrix, female; enlarged one and three-ijuartev times (p. 149). (Pmtoehelen mthrir on Flute). c. Cephalon, showing ophthalmopoda (

d". Cephalon, under surface, showing ophthalmopod (a); first antenna (6); second antenna (c); phymacerite (op)- v. Second antenna; op, phymacerite. o'. Fifth pereiopod, under surface of terminal chela. o". Fifth pereiopod, upper surface of terminal chela. p. Pleon; lateral view. p,?. First pleopod. q. Second pleopod. PLATE XVIII.

Willemceda leptodactyla; enlarged one and ;i half times (p. 163). p. Pleon ; lateral view. d. Siagon or mandible; from the inside. e. Firat siagnopod or first maxilla. f. Second siagnopod or second maxilla. 'j. Third siagnopod or maxilliped. h. First gnathopod. u Second gnathopod. k. Coxa and basis of first pereiopod, showing maatigobranchial lash and podobranchial plume. id'. Chela of first pereiopod. Id". Podobranchia; enlarged. W". Series of small plates on the inner margins of pollex and dactylos. PLATE XIX.

Willemcesia leptodactyla (p. 163). c. Cephalon, dorsal aspect. Large variety; enlarged (p. 169). c". Cephalon, dorsal aspect. Type specimen. c"'. Inferior aspect of the anterior extremity of cephalon, showing first and second pairs of antennae, siagon, third pair of siagnopoda, and first pair of gnathopoda, all tn position. c"". Metope or facial region, showing ophtbalmopoda (a,a), position of first pair of antennte (6,6), position of second pair of antennas (c,c). b. Coxa of first antenna with ophthalmopod (a), in position.

6. The same enlarged, having upper surface partially removed to show the internal structure of the auditory apparatus (etc). c. Second antenna; view from the upper surface, showing the reversed position of the extremity of the phymacerite (ot). c. Posterior pair of pereiopoda of male, showing the foramen in the coxa for the passage of the vas deferens. p, $ . First pleopod of male, in relative position. qt $. Second pleopod of male, showing two stylamblydes. q, ?. Second pleopod in female, showing one etylamblys. p. Pleon; lateral view.

•pic. Internal dental apparatus at the pyloric extremity of stomach. PLATE XX.

Willemasia leptodactyla (p. 163).

1. Pereion, with lateral wall of the carapace removed to show the position and arrangement of.the branchiae a Metope or facial region, showing on one side the relative positions of the ophthalmopod (a), and first (b) and second antennas (c), from within. d, d. Siagones or mandibles (the synaphipod should have only two joints). d", d". Metastomata. ma. Cheiloglossa, as seen between the mandibles. tn. Third pair of pereiopoda with mastigobranchial lash and podo- branchial plume. m'". One of the hairs and spines from the mastigobranchia ; enlarged. m". Section of a podobranchial plume.

2. Ovum enlarged, showing advanced condition of the embryo. PLATE XXI.

Phobems tenuinianus, nat. size (p. 171).

(Acantkacaris tenuimana on Plate.)

a,a. Ophthalmopoda.

c. Cephaion ; bt first antenna, left side ; c, second antenna, right side. c. Peduncle of second antenna, seen on the lower side. h Chela of first pereiopod, left side. #. Mastigobranchial leaf of same with podobranchial plume attached. &". Section of branchial plume. o. Chela of posterior pereiopod. p. First pleopod. g. Second pleopod. v,ztv. Rhipidura; z, telson; w, posterior pair of pleopoda. PLATE XXII.

Phoberus tenuimanus (p. 171). (Acanthocaris tetiuimana on Plate.)

Pereion, with the lateral wall of the carapace removed to show the natural position and arrangement of the branchiae ; i, second gnathopod ; k-o, pereiopoda.

Section of a set of branchial plumes and mastigobranchias; mb, mastigobranchia3; pdb, podobranchia; arb, arth, anterior and posterior arthrobranchias; plbr, pleurobranchia. Above this figure are seen portions of the anterior and pos­ terior arthrobranchia, showing their approximation, in situ.

d. Siagon (or mandible); from the inside. e. First siagnopod. /. Second siagnopod. g. Third siagnopod. h. First gnathopod, with basecphysis, mastigobranchial plate, and podo- branchial plume. i. Second gnathopod, with basecphysis, mastigobranchial plate, and podobranchia! plume. PLATE XXIII.

Nephropsis rosea (p. 178).

Fig. 1. Lateral view of a specimen ; enlarged one and a half times.

„ 2. Dorsal view.

„ lc First siagnopod.

„ If. Second siagnopod.

„ \g. Third siagnopod.

„ lA. First gnathopod; one of the apical spines enlarged.

„ It. Second gnathopod.

Nephropsis suhmi (p. 181).

„ 3. Lateral view of the specimen; enlarged one and a half times.

„ 3e. First siagnopod. PLATE XXIV.

Nephropsis rosea (p. 178).

Fig. 1. Ventral view; enlarged.

//. First antenna. c. Peduncle of the second antenna, showing the phymacerite and diagram of its extremity.

Nephropsis sukmi (p. 181).

„ 2v.z.v. Rhipidura; z, telson; v,v, posterior pair of pleopoda. PLATE XXV.

Nephrops tkom.soni, n at. size (p. 185).

Fig. 1, $ . Dorso-lateral view of the male.

2, ?. Dorso-lateral view of the female.

„ 3, v.z.v. Rhipidura; wf sixth pair of pleopoda; z, telson. PLATE XXVI.

Nepkraps thomsonl (p. 185).

Fig. 1. Carapace, with the lateral wall removed to show the branchise. d. Siagon. e. First siagnopod (basal plate probably wanting). f. Second siagnopod. g. Third siagnopod. h. First gnathopod. i. Second gnathopod. i". Mastigobranchia with podobranchial plume of same. i"r. Section of the plume. o". Apex of the posterior pleurobranchial plume.

pt f . First pleopod of male, exhibiting eincinnuli. q. Second pleopod with stylamblys. PLATE XXVII.

Astacopsis paramattensis (p. 202).

Fig. 1. Dorso-lateral view, natural size.

„ \e. First siagnopod; 1, 2, 3, 4, homologues of the four respective joints of the typical limb—coxa, basis, ischium, and meros ; spines and hairs enlarged.

„ If. Second siagnopod, figures as before.

„ Ig. Third siagnopod, figures as before ; ec, basecphysis.

„ lA. First gnathopod, figures as above; 5 carpos, 6 propodos, 7 dactylos; pb, podobranehia! plume; arb, arthrobranchial plume ; ec, ecphysis.

f, It. Second gnathopod, figures as before; pb, podobranehia; arb, arthro- branchia.

„ lm". Podobranehia of third pereiopod attached to the mastigobranchial plate.

„ lm'". Section of the mastigobranchial plate and podobranehia of third pereiopod, with hairs from the surface of the former; magnified.

Astacopsis sydneyensis (p. 204).

„ 2. Dorsal view of the specimen; enlarged twice. PLATE XXVIII.

Astacopsis spinifer (p. 194).

The lateral wall of the carapace has been removed to show the branchial arrangement; podobrancbiaa removed to show the plan of the branchiae beneath ; arthrobranchia^ removed from the first two pairs of pereiopoda to show their position and that of the pleurobranchite.

h First pair of pereiopoda. pdb. Podobranchiae. arb. Arthrobranchia?. plb. Pleurobranchiaj. mt. Movable appendages, probably the rudiments of the foliaceous appendages that form the ventral incubatory pouch in certain genera. d. Siagon or mandible; 1 coxa, 2 basis, 3 terminal joint. e. First siagnopod; 1 coxa, 2 basis, 3 ischium, 4 terminal joint. f. Second siagnopod; 1 coxa, which carries the mastigobranchial plate ; other numerals as before. g. Third siagnopod; numerals as before ; ec, a multiarticular ecphysis of the basis. h. First gnathopod; 1, 2, 3, as before ; 4 meros, 5 carpos, 6 propodos. i Second gnathopod; numerals as before; ec, ecphysis ; pdb, podobranchia. pdbr. Podobranchia. \ arb.a. Anterior arthrobranchia. I , . , , , ,i , ». } Arranged in a diagrammatic section. arb.p. nPosterior arthrobranchia. j s ^° plbr. Pleurobranchia. / PLATE XXIX.

Spongicola venusta (p. 213).

1, ?. Lateral view (length, 25 mm.); enlarged four times.

2v. Brephalos, in Zoea form (p. 216).

3c. Cephalon. The lateral wall of carapace removed to show branchiae in position.

e. First siagnopod.

f. Second siagnopod. g. Third siagnopod.

h. First gnathopod. i Second gnathopod.

i". Coxa, basis, and part of ischium of the same enlarged; ec, rudimentary basec- physis ; mb, rudimentary mastigobranchia; arthb, arthrobranchia.

i. Branchiaa of same; mb, mastigobranchias; a,p, anterior and posterior arthro- branchise ; pi, pleurobranchia; pdb, podobranchia.

k. Branchias of first pereiopod, letters as before.

I. Branchiae of second pereiopod, letters as before.

m. Branchi© of third pereiopod, letters as before.

n. Branchias of fourth pereiopod, letters as before.

o, pi. Pleurobranchia of the fifth pereiopod, v, z, v. Rhipidura; v,v, sixth pair of pleopoda; z, telson. PLATE XXX.

Stenopus hispidus, female (length, 45 mm.); enlarged twice (p. 211).

e First siagnopod. f. Second siagnopod. g. Third siagnopod. h. First gnathopod. i. Basal part of second gnathopod ; enlarged, showing basecphysis, mastigobranchia, and arthrobranchial plume. p. First pleopod. q. Second pleopod. h-o. Diagrammatic plan of the branchial arrangement and proportions. PLATE XXXI.

Penams canaliculatus, var. japonicus (p. 245).

a. Ophthalmopod.

b. First antenna.

c. Second antenna,

d. Mandible or aiagon.

e. First siagnopod or first maxilla. f. Second siagnopod or second maxilla. g. Third siagnopod or first maxillipede. h. First gnathopod. i. Second gnathopod. it ec. Section of the basecphysis of same. PLATE XXXII.

Penmus canaliculatus (p. 243).

Fig. 1, t. Male specimen ; lateral view, enlarged twice.

n 1",

„ 2, ?. Female apecimen ; lateral view.

„ 2", ?. Ventral surface of female, showing thelycum.

Penseus canaliculatus, var. australiensis (p. 248).

„ 3, ?. Female specimen.

„ 3", ?. Ventral surface of female.

Pen&us canaliculatus, var. japonicus (p. 247).

„ 4, ?. Ventral surface of female, showing thelycum. PLATE XXXIII.

Pcnmus velulinus (p. 253).

Fig. 1. Lateral view, enlarged twice.

„ 1". Ventral aspect of male; p,p, first pair of pleopoda, with petasma attached.

„ 1'". Ventral aspect of female ; p,p, first pair of pleopoda.

„ lz. Telson.

Penxus iiuHcua (p. 248).

„ 2. Lateral view of male.

„ 2,p,p. First pair of pleopoda detached, with petasma connected.

„ 2v, z, v. Rhipidura ; z, telson ; v, t\ sixth pair of pleopoda. PLATE XXXIV.

Penams monodon (p. 250).

Fig. 1. Lateral view.

„ 1", $ . Ventral surface of male, showing petasma.

,, 1'", ?. Ventral surface of female, showing thelycum.

Pensexis incisipes (p. 257).

„ 2, $ . Lateral view of male.

M 2", t. Ventral surface of male, showing petasma.

„ 2'", ?. Ventral surface of female, showing thelycum. PLATE XXXV.

Penxus anckoralis (p. 258). Fig. 1. Lateral view, enlarged twice. „ 1". Ventral aspect of male, with the first pair of pleopoda and petasma attached. „ 1"'. Ventral aspect of female, showing thelycum. „ lz. Telson.

Penams philippinensl* (p. 261). „ 2. Female specimen. „ 2". Ventral aspect of female, with first pair of pleopoda thrown back. „ 8. Male specimen. „ 3". Ventral aspect of male, with first pair of pleopoda and petasma attached. PLATE XXXVI.

Penamsjissurus (p. 263).

Fig. 1. Female specimen.

„ l". Ventral aspect of female, showing thelycum.

„ Ip. First pleopod, detached.

„ lz. Telson.

Penmts rectacutus (p. 266).

,, 2. Female specimen.

„ 2". Ventral aspect of female, showing thelycum.

„ 2p, First pleopod, detached.

„ 2z,v. Rhipidura, seen laterally; z, telson; vt sixth pleopod. PLATE XXXVII.

Penseus serratus (p. 268).

Fig. 1. Lateral view.

„ la. Ophthalmopod.

„ 16. First antenna.

„ l", 2 • Ventral aspect of male, with first and second pairs of pleopoda attached and thrown back, with petasma attached to former.

„ lq. Part of second pair of pleopoda, detached.

,, 1'", ?. Ventral aspect of female.

„ lz. Telson.

„ 16?'. Branch of branchial plume, and secondary branch ; detached.

Perueus canalicxdatus, var. japonicus (p. 245).

„ 2&r. Branch of branchial plume, and secondary branch ; detached.

Hemipenteus speciosus (p. 303).

„ 3br. Branch of branchial plume, and secondary branch ; detached. PLATE XXXVIII.

Pkilonicus pectinatus, male (p. 279).

Fig. o, o. Posterior pair of pereiopoda ; basal portion ; 2>>P-> firstpai r of pleopoda, with petasma expanded and united in the median line.

z. Telson.

br. Branchial plume ; seen in section.

br". Secondary branch of same; taken from the base.

br"'. Secondary branch of same ; taken from the apex.

7»o. Mastigobranchia. PLATE XXXIX.

Philonicus miilleri (p. 275).

Fig. 1. Female specimen.

„ 1". Ventral aspect of female; p,p, first pair of pleopoda.

„ 2. Male specimen.

„ 2". First pair of pleopoda of male, with petasma folded and attached.

br. Primary branch of branchial plume.

W. Secondary branch of branchial plume. PLATE XL.

Artemma lovginaris (p. 281).

Fig. 1. Lateral view.

„ 2, ?. Ventral aspect of female.

d. Mandible or siagon.

e. First maxilla or first siagnopod.

/ Second maxilla or second siagnopod.

g. First maxillipede or third siagnopod.

h. First gnathopod.

i. Second gnathopod.

p,p. First pair of pleopoda of male, with petasma attached.

br. Branchial plume. PLATE XLL

Haliporus equalis (p. 285).

Fig. 1. Lateral view.

„ 1", $ . Ventral aspect of male. First pair of pleopoda, with petasma attached and thrown back.

„ 1'", ?. Ventral aspect of female, showing thelycum.

br. Branchite, seen in position.

br". Last three somites of the pleon ; the arthrobranchiaj of the third and fourth pairs of pereiopoda removed, to show the peculiar ducts that connect the pleurobranchiaa with their somites; mb, mastigobranchia of the third and fourth somites.

Haliporus obliquirostins (p. 286).

„ 2. Lateral aspect.

„ 2", ?. Ventral aspect of female. PLATE XLII.

Haliporus curvirostris (p. 288).

Tig. 1. Lateral view.

Haliporus Imjis (p. 289).

„ 2. Lateral view.

Haliporus neptunus (p. 291).

„ 3. Lateral view.

„ 3"£. Ventral aspect of male- First pair of pleopoda with petasma, thrown forwards; second pair, directed backwards.

„ 3'" ? . Ventral surface of pereion of female, showing thelycum.

Pkiloiiicus lucasii (p. 277).

„ 4. Lateral aspect. PLATE XLIII.

Sicyonia sculpta (p. 294).

Fig. 1. Lateral view of female; enlarged two and a half times.

„ 1". Rostrum.

„ lz. Telson.

Sicyonia carinata (p. 294).

„ 2. Lateral view of male ; enlarged twice.

„ 3. Dorsal view of same; enlarged twice.

„ 36. First antenna.

„ 3c'. Second antenna, base of scaphocerite ; under surface.

„ 3c'7. Second antenna, base of scaphocerite; upper surface.

„ 3c'". Second antenna; margin of scaphocerite.

„ 3br. Branchiae; extremity of plumes, showing structure.

„ 3q. Second pleopod.

Sicyonia lancifer (p. 297).

,, 4. Lateral view of female; enlarged two and a quarter times.

„ 4", ?. Ventral aspect of pereion of female, showing thelycum.

„ 4z. Telson.

Sicyonia Iwvis (p. 298).

„ 5. Lateral view of female; enlarged two and a half times. PLATE XLIV.

Hemipeiueus spinidorsalis (p. 301).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; one-half enlarged.

„ 1". Branchiae, seen in position.

„ 1'". Mastigobranchia, with podobranchial plume attached.

Hemipenmus gracilis (p. 302).

„ 2. Lateral view; one-half enlarged.

Henwpenams speciosas (p. 303).

„ 3. Lateral view.

Hemipen&us virilis (p. 303).

„ 4. Lateral view. PLATE XLV.

Aiisteus armatus (p. 312).

Fig. 1. Lateral aspect of male.

„ 2. Ventral aspect of another specimen.

p. First pleopod.

q. Second pleopod.

r. Third pleopod. PLATE XLVI.

Aristeus avmatus (p. 312). d. Mandible or siagon. ma. Mctastoinata. e. First maxilla or first siagnopod. f. Second maxilla or second siagnopod. g. Maxillipedc or third siagnopod. br. Branchial plume, seen in section.

W. Secondary branch of branchial plume.

Fig. 1. Aristeus? (young) (p. 240). PLATE XLVII.

PEN.BiDiE (Development).

Fig. 1. Aristeus (?), in Megalopa stage (p. 241).

„ Ik. First pair of pereiopoda.

„ 2. Ainsteus (?), younger Megalopa stage (p. 239).

„ 2v. Fifth somite and rhipidura.

„ 3. Aristeus (?), older Megalopa stage (p. 238).

„ 36. First antenna.

„ 3d. Mandible, showing attachment of muscles.

„ 3k. First pereiopod. PLATE XLIX.

Henwpenams semidentatus (p. 305).

Fig. 1. Lateral view of female.

„ lor. Branch of branchial plume.

Hemipenmus tomentosus (p. 807).

„ 2, ?. Ventral aspect of female, showing hollow between pereiopoda. „ 3, ?. The same hollow part, containing a gelatinous mass; from another specimen. „ 3". Section of the inferior portion of the wall of the carapace overlying the branchial chamber. PLATE XLIX.

HemipensBus semidentatus (p. 305).

Lateral view of female. br. Branch of branchial plume.

Hemipen^us tomentosus (p. 307).

?. Ventral aspect of female, showing hollow between pereiopoda.

?. The same hollow part, containing a gelatinous mass; from another specimen.

'. Section of the inferior portion of the wall of the carapace overlying the branchial chamber. PLATE L.

Hemvptnmus tomentosus (p. 307).

Lateral view of female. c. Second antenna with scaphocerite (under side); phc, phymacerite. br. Branchial plume in section. PLATE LI.

Aristeus rostridentatus (p. 317).

1. Lateral view of female.

1". Ventral aspect; p, p, first pair of pleopoda. d. Siagon or mandible, br. Branchial plume in section. i6. Spine from the carpos of the first pair of pereiopoda. PLATE LIT.

Hepomadus glaoialis (p. 321). Fig. 1. Lateral view of female. „ 1". Ventral aspect of pereion, showing the thelycum. ea. Epistoma. rf. Siagon or mandible. ma. Metastomata.

g. Third eiagnopod or first maxillipede. 6r. Brauchial plume in section. PLATE LIII.

Peteinura gubemata (p. 324).

Lateral view ; enlarged eight times. b. First antenna. i. Second gnathopod.

h First pereiopod.

I. Second pereiopod. PLATE LIV.

Benthedcymus crenatus (p. 329).

Lateral view. a. Ophthalmopod. b. First antenna; upper surface. b". First antenna; under surface. c. Second antenna. c". Second antenna; second joint of peduncle showing the ancecerite and base of the scaphocerite. d. Siagon or mandible, with metastoma, d"t in position. s. First siagnopod.

/. Second siagnopod. g. Third siagnopod. k. First gnathopod. i. Second gnathopod. PLATE LV.

Benthesicymus crenattis (bronchia) (p. 329).

Fig. 1. Pereion, with Bide of the carapace removed to show the arrangement and position of the branchise, „ 2. Branchial plume. „ 3. Branch of the same; attached to the central stalk. PLATE LVI.

Benthesicymus indescens (p. 335).

Fig. 1. Outer branch of sixth pleopod; arterial vessels, red ; venous, blue ; nerve- filaments, yellow; muscles, brown.

„ 2. Ventral nerve-cord of same.

Eitcopia australis.

„ 3. Ventral nerve-cord.

Sergestes atlcmticus.

J( 4. Arrangement of muscles in the sixth somite of the pleon. PLATE LVIL

Bentkesicymus brasiliensis (p. 332).

Fig. 1. Lateral view.

„ lor. Section of a branchial plume.

Bentkesicymus pleocanthus (p. 334).

„ 2. Lateral view.

» 2or. Section of branchial plume.

Bentkesicymus iridescens (p. 335).

„ 3. Lateral view.

„ 3a. Ophthalmopod.

„ 3a": Diagrammatic section of eye.

„ 36r. Branch of a branchial plume. PLATE LVIII.

Benthesicymus alius (p. 336).

Fig. 1. Lateral view.

„ la. Ophthalmopod.

„ lz. Telson.

„ lor. Section of branchial plume.

Benthesicymus mollis (p. 339).

„ 2. Lateral view.

„ 2z. Telson.

„ 2or. Section of branchial plume.

Gennadas intermedins (p. 343).

„ 3. Lateral aspect.

„ 3z. Telson.

„ 2br. Section of branchial plume. PLATE LIX.

Qennadas paiwus, male (p. 340).

1. Lateral view.

2. Another specimen containing a parasitic (?) worm. i Second gnathopod; with dactylos enlarged. k. First pereiopod. m. Third pereiopod ; with chela enlarged. p,p. Basisal joint of first pair of plcopoda showing the petasmata hooked together in the middle by small oincinnuli. p". Cincinnulus. q. Appendages attached to the second pleopod. zv. Telson and sixth pleopod. br. Section of a branchial plume. PLATE LX.

Petalidium foliaceum (p. 349).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged twice.

„ 2. Oral apparatus; d,d, distal joints of the synaphipod of the mandibles; d',

epistoma; d",d"t metastoma; e,e, first pair of siagnopoda.

d. Siagon or mandible.

e. First siagnopod; detached.

f. Second siagnopod; detached.

g. Third siagnopod; detached.

„ 3. Branchiae, shown in position.

„ 4. A foliaceous branchial plate. PLATE LXI.

Sergestes—Development.

Elaphoca,7*is Zoea (p. 355).

Fig. 1. Dorsal view; enlarged thirty-two times.

„ 2z. Telson.

,, 3. Rostrum of another specimen.

Elcvphocaris crassw (p. 362).

„ 4. Dorsal view; enlarged fifty times.

„ 46. First antenna.

„ 4c. Second antenna. PLATE LXIL

Sergestes—Development.

Elaphocaiis dohnii (pp. 357-360).

Dorsal view; enlarged fifty-three times.

6. First antenna. c. Second antenna. g. Third siagnopod or first maxillipede.

h. First gnathopod. PLATE LXIII.

Sergestes (?)—Development.

Platysacus crenatus (p. 363).

Dorsal view ; enlarged seventy times.

Rostrum of carapace and of epistoma.

First antenna.

Second antenna.

Second gnathopod. PLATE LXIV.

Sergestes—Development.

Acanthosoma brevitelsonis (p. 367).

Fig. 1. Dorsal view; enlarged thirty-five times.

Acanthosoma tynitelsonis (p. 369).

„ 2. Latero-dorsal view; enlarged twenty times.

Acanthosoma longitelsonis (p. 371).

„ 3. Latero-dorsal view; enlarged forty times. PLATE LXV.

Sergestes—Development.

Acanthosoma dwsispinalis (370).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged twenty-five times.

Acanthosoma Imirostratis* (p. 374).

„ 2. Lateral view; enlarged twenty-eight times.

Mastigopus dorsispinalis (p. 375).

„ 3. Lateral view; enlarged twenty times.

„ i.k.l. Branchise attached to the second gnathopod, and first and second pereiopodn.

Mastigopxia tenuis (p. 428).

„ 4. Lateral view; enlarged twenty times.

„ 46. Base of peduncle of first antenna, with otolith.

„ 4c. Second antenna.

„ Al. Third pereiopod; extremity.

1 Habitat.—North of Admiralty Islands, between Stations 221 and 222. Associated with Acanthoma dorsiapinali* and Maitigopu* dorntpinalit. Length, 3 mm. (0'IS in.). PLATE LXV1.

Series—Development.

Acanthosoma macrotelsonis (p. 373).

Fig. 1. Dorsal view; enlarged forty times.

Mcistigopm suhmi (p. 378).

„ 2. Dorsal view; enlarged twenty-five times. Sergestes semiarmis (p. 423).

Lateral view; enlarged eight times. Second gnathopod ; distal extremity. Second pereiopod; chela. Third pereiopod; chela.

Sergestes semiarmis, var. (p. 424).

Second antenna; scaphoccritc. First pereiopod; distal extremity. Second pereiopod; chela. o. Fourth and fifth pereiopoda. Telson.

Sergestes Imviventralis (p. 425).

Lateral view; enlarged thirteen times. Second pereiopod; chela, o. Fourth and fifth pereiopoda.

Mastigopus spiniventralis (p. 379).

Lateral view; enlarged twelve times. Telson.

Sergestes spiniventralis (p. 426). Ophthalmopod and rostrum. Second pereiopod; chela. Sixth pleopod; outer branch.

Sergestes spiniventralis,1 var.

Ophthalmopod; b, first antenna; c, second antenna. o. Fourth and fifth pereiopoda. 1 Habitat.—Wert Pacific. • PLATE LXVIIL

Sergestes atlantictcs, male (p. 389).

Lateral view; enlarged twice. b $ . First antenna of male.

6?. First antenna of female; flagella. c. Second antenna; scaphocerite and terminal joints of peduncle. d. Mandible. e. First siagnopod. f. Second siagnopod g. Third siagnopod. PLATE LXIX.

Sergestes atlanticus (p. 393). p,p. First pair of pleopoda of male, with petasmata united in the median line. q $. Second pleopod; appendages attached to the base of the flagella.

£?. Second pleopod; appendage attached to the base of the flagella. v. Sixth pleopod. z. Telson. PLATE LXX.

Sergestes japonicus (p. 387).

Fig. 1. Lateral view ; enlarged twice.

„ la, a. Ophthalmopoda, and byb, first pair of antennae; c,c, scaphocerites in position; dorsal view.

„ 16. First antenna.

„ Ih. Second gnathopod. „ 2. Branchiae ; seen in natural position.

Sergestes hroyeri (p. 388). „ 3. Lateral view ; enlarged twice. „ 3a. Ophthalmopod in position, with first antenna. „ 4. Branchiae; in natural position. PLATE LXXI.

Sergestesprekensiltf (p. 385).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged twice.

a. Ophthalmopod

b. First antenna.

d. Mandible or siagon.

e. First siagnopod.

/ Second siagnopod.

g. Third siagnopod.

h. First pereiopod; showing the prehensile character of the ultimate articulation.

P. Pereion detached, with gnathopoda ht i, and pereiopoda k, I, m, n, o, connected, the larger branchial plumes removed to show the position of their attachment to the somite and the rudimentary form of the pleurobranchia. PLATE LXXII.

Sergestes dorsispinalis (p. 394).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged fifteen times.

„ 1c. Second antenna; otolith.

Sergestes nasidentatus (p. 398).

„ 2. Lateral aspect; enlarged twelve times.

„ 2k. First pereiopod; ultimate articulation.

„ 2l. Second pereiopod ; chela.

Sergestes diapontius (p. 399).

„ 3. Lateral view; enlarged six times.

„ Si. Second gnathopod; ultimate joints.

„ Zk. First pereiopod; ultimate articulation.

„ 32. Second pereiopod; chela. PLATE LXXIII.

Sergestes wmatus (p. 401).

Fig. 1. Lateral aspect; enlarged nine times.

„ 16. First antenna.

„ lz. Telson.

Sergestes edwardsii (p. 403).

„ 2. Lateral view ; enlarged twelve times

„ 2c. Second antenna; scaphocerite.

„ 2k. First pereiopod.

„ 2br. Branchial plume.

„ 2br". Branch of branchial plume.

Sergestes rinkii (p. 404).

„ 3. Lateral view; enlarged twelve times.

„ 3z. Telson. PLATE LXXIV.

Sergestes oculatus (p. 406).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged twenty times.

„ 16. First antenna.

„ lc. Second antenna; scaphocerite.

„ lc". Extremity of scaphocerite.

Sergestes ovatoculus (p. 408).

„ 2. Lateral view ; enlarged ten times.

„ 2z. Telson; extremity.

Sergestes parvidens(p. 409).

„ 3. Lateral aspect; enlarged fifteen times.

„ Zb. First antenna; flagella.

„ 3c. Second antenna; extremity of scaphocerite.

„ Bk. First pereiopod; ultimate articulation. PLATE LXXV.

Sergestes cornicvlum (p. 410).

1. Lateral view ; enlarged nine times. lz. Telson.

Sergestes ancylops (p. 413).

2. Lateral view; enlarged thirty times.

Sergestes longirostris (p. 415).

3. Lateral view; enlarged fifteen times.

3z. Telson. PLATE LXXVI.

Sergestes junceus (p. 416).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged twenty times.

Sergestes longispinus (p. 417).

„ 2. Lateral view; enlarged sixteen times.

„ 2b. First antenna; outer llagellum.

„ 2c. Second antenna; extremity of scaphocerite.

„ 2k First pereiopod; distal joints.

Sergestes penerinhii (p. 418).

„ 3. Enlarged sixteen times.

Sergestes ferrnerinhii (p. 419).

„ 4. Enlarged twenty-three times. PLATE LXXVII.

Sergestes l

Fig. I. Lateral view; enlarged ten times.

Sergestes pracollus (p. 423).

„ 2. Lateral aspect; enlarged ten times.

„ 2m. Third pereiopod; chela. PLATE LXXVIII.

Seiacaris telsonis (p. 438).

Fig. 1. Ventrolateral aspect; enlarged twenty times.

„ \m. Third pereiopod; chela.

„ lp. First pleopod ; appendage at base of flagellum.

„ lz. Telson ; dorsal view.

„ 2. Mastigopus stage of same ; enlarged eighteen times (p. 439).

„ 2c. Second antenna; extremity of scaphocerite.

„ 2z. Telson; dorsal view.

„ 3. Acanthosoma stage of same; enlarged twenty-one times (p. 441). „ 3z. Telson; side view. PLATE LXXIX.

Development and Structure of Lucifer (j>. 452).

Fig. 1. Zoea of Lucifer; enlarged sixty times.

b. First antenna.

c. Second antenna ; c", scaphoeeritc and one hair magnified.

e. First siagnopod or first maxilla.

f. Second siagnopod or second maxilla.

g. Third siagnopod or maxilbpede.

h. First gnathopod.

i. Second gnathopod.

k. First pereiopod.

Z. Second pereiopod.

m. Third pereiopod; m", chela of same. PLATE LXXX.

Lucifer—Structure of male.

Fig. 1. Lateral view, showing vaa deferens on left side, containing ripe spcrmatophore,

„ 2. Lateral view, showing vas deferens on right side.

ptm. Petasma.

c. Cephalon, anterior portion ; showing the convolution of the green gland.

(I. Mandible.

m. Third pereiopod; chela.

(/. Second pleopod. PLATE LXXX-L

Organs of generation of fjuctfer (p. 444).

Fig. I ? . Female, showing ovaries with spermatophore inserted into the oviduct; also neural cord and muscular arrangement.

.. 2 ? . Female with ovum approaching extrusion, with spermatophore inserted.

3 $ . Male, showing spermatophore ready for expulsion. Testes in outline*.

„ 4 £ . Male, showing testes in position, with spermatophore in outline. Another in the process of formation. PLATE LXXXll.

Lucifer—Development of male (p. 403).

Figs. 1-4. Mules of different ages. PLATE LXXXIII.

Lucifer typus.

Fig. 1. Lateral view of male ($. 464). Enlarged twenty-two times.

„ 2. Lateral view of female (p. 466). Enlarged twenty-two times.

„ 3. Cephalon, showing ophthalmopod and antennae; the second pair with the long scaphocerite and styliform phymacerite.

TO. Terminal extremity or minute chela of the third pair of pereiopoda. PLATE LXXXIV.

lAtcifer reynaudii.

Fig. 1. Lateral view of male (p. 466). Enlarged twenty-two times.

„ 2. Lateral view of female (p. 467). Enlarged twenty-two times.

„ 3. Cephalon, showing the cerebral ganglion and the neural branch leading to the second pair of antennte.

„ 4. Cephalon, showing the cerebral ganglion and neural cord, also the green gland and its long winding duct connecting it with the second pair of antennro.

„ 5. Male, posterior portion of the sixth somite of the pleon, sixth pair of pleopoda and telson, showing the arrangement of the muscles and position of the sixth pleonic gland.

m. Chela of the third pair of pereiopoda. PLATE LXXXV.

Acetes indicus (p. 442).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged twice.

Lucifer (young) (p. 457).

„ 2. Lateral view.

Zoontocaris ycdathem (p. 474).

„ 3. Dorsal view; enlarged thirty times.

Zoontocaris approximvs (p. 475).

„ 4. Dorsal view ; enlarged twenty-four times.

Sestertius duplicidentes (p. 477).

„ 5. Lateral view ; enlarged eighteen times.

„ 5c. Second antenna.

„ §g. Third siagnopod.

„ 5h. First gnathopod.

„ 5i. Second gnathopod.

», 5k-5o. Pereiopoda.

5z. Telson. PLATE LXXXVT.

Crangon affinis (p. 484).

Fig. 1. Carapace, dorsal view; enlarged twice.

„ 16. First antenna.

„ Id. Mandible; e, first siagnopod; / second siagnopod; shown in their natural position.

„ 2. Branchiae, in natural position. „ 3. Rbipidura.

Crangon vulgaris (p. 483).

„ 4. Brepbalos, lateral view.

„ 4z. Tclson of same.

Pontocaris propensalata (p. 496).

„ 5. Branchiffl, in natural position. PLATE LXXXVII.

Ponlophilvs gracilis (p. 487).

Fig. 1. Ventral aspect; enlarged four times.

„ 2. Dorsal view ; enlarged four times.

„ 3. Branchiae, in natural position ; br, section of plume.

p $ . First plcopod of male.

p ? . First pleopod of female.

q $ . Second pleopod of male.

q ? . Second pleopod of female. PLATE LXXXVIII.

Pontophilus profwndua (p. 490).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged four times. „ la. Section of the ophthalmus, showing the form of the ocular facets. „ \i. Second gnathopod. „ Ik. First pereiopod; chela. „ ll. Second pereiopod; chela. „ \p $ . First pleopod of male. „ lz, Telson.

Pontophilus junceus (p. 491). „ 2. Lateral view; enlarged twice. „ 3. Dorsal view of carapace. „ 4. Rhipidura. Crctngon vulgaris (p. 483).

Fig. 1. Structure of the pereionic viscera of the brephalos; «, ophthalmus; b, first joint of first antenna; c, first joint of second antenna; d, mandible; e, first siagnopod; /, second siagnopod; g, third siagnopod; h, first gnathopod; i, second gnathopod; k, I, TO, n, buds of four successive pereiopoda; gc, stomach, the outer double line showing its area when dilated, the inner or convoluted double line showing its contour in

rhythmical contraction ; cdt heart

„ la". Lenses of the ophthalmus, showing the numerical increase during development.

Sabinea septemcarinata (p. 493).

„ 2. Dorsal view ; enlarged twice.

ParatJianas decorticus (p. 530).

„ 3. Lateral view ; enlarged twelve times.

„ 3c. Second antenna; scaphocerite as seen within its exuvium.

„ 3&-3n. First four pairs of pereiopoda within their exuvium.

„ 3t>. Fifth pleopod ; portion of outer branch within its exuvium.

„ 3v". Fifth pleopod; one of the hairs enlarged.

Alphexts (Brephalos) (p. 538).

„ 4. Lateral view. From a specimen of Alphexts hatched by Dr. Power.

„ 46. First antenna.

„ 4c. Second antenna.

„ 4z. Telson.

Latreutes planus (p. 584).

„ 5. Lateral view; enlarged twelve times.

Latreutes unidentatus (p. 58

„ 6. Lateral view; enlarged twelve times. PLATE XC.

Sabinea septemcarinata (p. 493).

Fig. 1. Ventral surface of pereion.

„ la. Ophthalmopoda; b, first pair of antennas.

„ ll Second pereiopod.

„ Ip $ . First pleopod of male.

„ Ip ? . First pleopod of female*

„ lz. Telson; v, sixth pleopod.

Pontocaris pivpawcdata (p. 496).

„ 2. Dorsal view ; enlarged twice.

„ 26. First antenna.

„ 2c. Second antenna; part of flagellum enlarged. „ 2t. Second gnathopod.

„ 2L First pereiopod.

„ 2/.*". First pereiopod; chela, enlarged.

„ Ip. First pleopod.

„ 2q. Second pleopod.

„ 3. Ventral surface of pereion; kt lt m, n, oy first to fifth pairs of pereiopoda. PLATE XCI.

Pontocaris pennata (p. 499).

Fig. 1. Dorsal view j enlarged twice.

„ 2. Ventral aspect; enlarged four times.

d. Mandible ; d\ upper surface of molar process ; d", lower surface of molar process.

g. Third siagnopod.

A. First gnathopod.

i. Second gnathopod.

h First pereiopod; H\ anterior margin of the palm.

I. Second pereiopod.

m. Third pereiopod.

p. First pleopod.

q. Second pleopod. PLATE XCIJ.

Glyphocrangon granulosis (p. 507).

Fig. 1. Dorsal aspect.

„ 2. Lateral view.

„ 3. Oral apparatus. b $ . First antenna of male.

b ?. First antenna of female; &"?, first joint of same showing the acoustic aperture.

c ¥ . Second antenna of female. d. Mandible.

e. First siagnopod.

f. Second siagnopod.

g. Third siagnopod.

h. First gnathopod.

i. Second gnathopod.

k. First pereiopod.

I. Second pereiopod.

p 2 .First pleopod of male; p", margin of inner ramus. p ? . First pleopod of female. q $. Second pleopod of male. q ? . Second pleopod of female. „ 4. Brephalos (p. 506). PLATE XC1JI.

Glyphocrangon granulosis (p. 507).

Fig. 1. Branchise, in natural position (p. 506).

„ lor. Section of branchial plume.

Glyphocrangon podager (p. 516).

„ 2. Dorso-lateral view.

„ 2m. Third pereiopod; dactylos.

„ 2o. Fifth pereiopod ; dactylos.

Glyphocrangon regalis (p. 517).

„ 3. Dorso-lateral view.

„ 3m. Third pereiopod ; dactylos.

„ 3o. Fifth pereiopod; dactylos.

„ 4. Dorso-lateral view of a smooth variety.

„ 4fli. Third pereiopod; dactylos.

•», 4o. Fifth pereiopod ; dactylos.

Glyphocrangon hastacavda (p. 519).

„ 5. Dorso-lateral view.

„ 5m. Third pereiopod; dactylos.

„ 5o. Fifth pereiopod; dactylos. PLATE XC1V. •

Glyphocrangon aculeata (p. 521).

Fig. 1. Dorsal view.

„ lm. Third pcreiopod ; dactylos.

„ la Fifth pereiopod ; dactylos.

„ \gc. Gastric spines; gc', one of the spines isolated.

Glyphocrangon acuminata (p. 522).

„ 2 $ , Lateral view of male.

„ 2m. Third pereiopod ; dactylos.

„ 2o. Fifth pereiopod ; dactylos.

„ 3 ? . Lateral view of female.

„ 3m. Third pereiopod; dactylos.

„ 3o. Fifth pereiopod ; dactylos.

» 3p & f First pleopod of male.

„ Zp $ . First pleopod of female ; ova attached.

Glyphocrangon rimapes (p. 523). „ 4. Dorso-lateral view. „ 4m. Third pereiopod; dactylos. ., 4o. Fifth pereiopod ; dactylos. PLATE XCV.

Nikaprocessa (p. 527).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged three and a half times.

b. First antenna.

c. Second antenna, scaphocerite.

d. Mandible.

e. First siagnopod.

f. Second siagnopod.

g. Third siagnopod.

h. First gnathopod.

i. Second gnathopod.

I. Second pereiopod of right side.

ov. Ovum. PLATE XCVL

Athanas veloctdus (p. 529).

Fig. 1. Lateral view ; enlarged fifteen times.

Cheirothrix paiwmanus (p. 533).

„ 2. Lateral view; enlarged six times.

„ 2a, a. Ophthalmopoda.

„ ib. First antenna.

„ 2c. Second antenna.

„ 2h. First gnathopod.

„ 2t. Second gnathopod.

„ 2l. Second pereiopod.

„ 21'. Second pereiopod; enlarged. ii 21". Second pereiopod; chela, more enlarged.

n 21'". Second pereiopod; one hair, magnified. PLATE XCVII.

Atyheits edivardm (p. 542).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged three times.

, id. Mandible.

, 1//. First gnathopod.

, It. Second gnathopod.

, Ik. First pereiopod ; larger chela.

, Iwi. Third pereiopod; terminal joints.

, \mb. Mastigobranchia.

Alpheits acuto-femoratus (p. 545).

„ 2. Lateral view; enlarged three times.

„ 2k. First pereiopod; larger chela.

AVphms ciistidigitus (p. 546).

„ 8. Lateral view; enlarged four times.

„ Bk. First pereiopod; smaller chela.

Alpheus megacheks (p. 547).

„ 4. First pereiopod; larger chela. PLATE XCVIII.

Alpheus leviusculits, var. (p. 549).

Fiff. 1. Lateral view; enlarged three times.

lc. Cephalon; bt first antenna; c, second antenna.

„ Ik. First pereiopod; left side.

n \k". First pereiopod; left side, pollcx.

„ \m. Third pereiopod ; terminal joints.

„ Iz. Telson.

Alpheus crinitus (p. 548).

„ 2. Lateral view; enlarged four times.

„ 2c. Cephalon with first and second antennae; left side.

Alplieics bcrmudensis (p. 547).

„ 3. Lateral view; enlarged three times.

„ Zk. First pereiopod; larger chela.

Alpheus longimanus (p. 551).

„ 4. Lateral view; enlarged three times.

„ 4c. Cephalon; frontal margin.

„ Ac. Second antenna; scaphocerite.

„ Ak. First pereiopod; larger chela.

„ 4kf. First pereiopod; smaller chela of left side. PLATE XCIX.

Alpheusrapax (p. 552).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged twice. lc. Cephalon; b, first antenna, left side; c, second antenna, right side.

„ Ik. First pereiopod; larger chela.

„ IF. First pereiopod; showing dactylos and pollex, enlarged.

„ lz. Telson.

Alplieus crassimanus (p. 554).

„ 2. Lateral view; enlarged twice.

„ 2k. First pereiopod; larger chela.

Alpheits lawis (p. 555).

„ 3. Lateral view; enlarged three times.

„ 3c. Cephalon, with first and second antennas.

„ 3

„ 3fc. First pereiopod; larger chela.

Alpheus pi'olificus (p. 556). „ 4. Lateral view; enlarged three times. „ 4c. Cephalon, with first and second antenna3. „ Am. Third pereiopod. PLATE C.

Alpheua intrinsecus (p. 557).

Fig. 1. Lateral view ; female, enlarged three times.

„ lc. Cephalon, frontal region.

„ lc". Cephalon ; b> firstantenna ; c, second antenna.

„ Ik. First pereiopod ; smaller chela.

„ \q. Second pleopod, with ova attached.

„ lz. Telson.

Alpkeus minus (p. 558).

„ 2. Lateral view; enlarged four times.

„ 2k. First pereiopod; larger chela.

„ 2&". First pereiopod; pollex and dactylos.

Alpkeus spiniger (p. 5G0).

„ 3. Lateral view; enlarged three times.

„ 3c. Cephalon, with first and second antenna

„ Zk. First pereiopod; larger chela.

„ 3#. First pereiopod; smaller chela, left.

„ 3&". First pereiopod, showing form of dactylos. „ 3m. Third pereiopod; dactylos. „ 3z. Telson. PLATE CI

Alpheus avarus (p. 544).

Fig. I. Lateral view ; enlarged twice.

Alpheus neptunus (p. 563).

„ 2. Lateral view; enlarged twice. „ 2k. First pereiopod ; larger chela, left. „ 2if. First pereiopod; smaller chela, right.

Alpheus gracilipes (p. 561). :*. Lateral view; enlarged three times. 3c. Ccphalon, frontal region. 8& First pereiopod ; larger chela. 3m. Third pereiopod; terminal joints. 3z. Tclson.

Alpheus biunguiculatus (p. 562).

M 4. Lateral view ; enlarged three times. 4o. Fifth pereiopod ; terminal joints.

ii 42. Telson,

Betseus molleodigitus (p. 565). „ 5. Lateral view; enlarged three times. „ 5c. Cephalon, frontal region. „ 5c. Second antenna?; acaphocerite. „ 5k. First pereiopod; larger chela. „ 51. Second pereiopod. „ 5p. First pieopod, with parasites attached to peduncle; stylamblys detached and enlarged. „ 5par. Parasitic vesicle, detached; escaped ovum, enlarged. „ 5z. Telson.

Betams microstylus (p. 566). „ 6. Lateral view; enlarged three times. „ 6c. Cephalon, frontal region and scaphocerites. „ 6c. Second antennre; scaphocerite, enlarged. „ 62. Telson. PLATE CII.

Pardlpheits diversimanits (p. 568).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged three times.

b. First antenna.

c. Second antenna.

d. Mandible.

e. First siagnopod.

/ Second siagnopod.

g. Third siagnopod.

A. First gnathopod.

i. Second gnathopod.

k. First pereiopod ; smaller chela.

p. First pleopod.

q. Second pleopod.

r. Third pleopod. V7.v. Rhipidura. PLATE CIIL

Synalpkeusfalcatus (p. 574).

Fig. 1- Lateral view; enlarged three times

c. Cephalon, frontal region ; with 6, first, and c, second antenna.

d. Mandible.

e. First siagnopod.

f. Second siagnopod.

g. Third siagnopod.

h. First gnathopod.

i. Second gnathopod.

h First pereiopod; larger chela, left.

h!. Chela open to show the form of the dactylos.

V. First pereiopod; smaller chela, right side.

«i. Third pereiopod ; terminal joints.

q. Second pleopod, bearing ova. zv. Rhipidura. PLATE CIV.

Latreutes ensifei-us (p. 583).

Fig 1. Lateral view; enlarged six times.

„ id. Mandible. „ le. First siagnopod. „ 1/ Second siagnopod.

„ Ig. Third siagnopod. „ \h. First gnathopod.

„ It Second gnathopod. „ Ik First pereiopod.

„ ll. Second pereiopod.

„ lm. Third pereiopod; distal joints.

„ lg. Second pleopod, with ova attached.

Platybema rugosum (p. 579). „ 2. Lateral view; enlarged six times. „ 2d. Mandible. „ 2h. First gnathopod. „ 2k. First pereiopod. „ 21. Second pereiopod.

„ 2q. Second pleopod, with ova attached, and stylamblys detached and magnified. „ 2vzu. Rhipidura. PLATE CV.

Hippolyte bidentatus (p. 591).

Fig. 1. Lateral view of male; enlarged three times.

„ 16. First antennae. „ Id. Mandible.

„ le. First siagnopod.

„ \g. Third siagnopod.

„ \h. First gnathopod.

„ \i. Second gnathopod.

„ Ik. First pereiopod.

„ \l. Second pereiopod.

„ Xm. Third pereiopod; distal joints.

„ 2. Lateral view of female ; enlarged three times.

„ 2c'. Rostrum; magnified.

Hippolyte projecta (p. 594).

„ 3. Lateral view; enlarged three times.

„ 3a. Ophthalmopod.

. „ 8&. First antenna. PLATE CVL

Spirontocaris spimts (p. 596).

Fig. 1. Rostrum, after Leach, var. a.

„ 2. Lateral view of animal, after Owen, var. /3.

„ 3. Lateral view of var. y.

„ 4. Lateral view of var. €.

„ 5. Ventral aspect of same, with saccular parasite attached.

„ 6. Ventral aspect of same, with Fhryxus attached.

„ 7. Lateral view of var. £; ophthalmopoda removed.

„ 8. Rostrum of var. 17. '

„ 9. Phryxus, female, ?, with male, $ , attached.

„ 10. Parasite from fig. 5 ; enlarged. PLATE CVII.

• Spirontocaris spinas, var. S (p. 599).

. 1. Lateral view; enlarged three times.

a. Ophthalmopod.

6. First antenna.

c. Second antenna; scaphocerite.

d. Mandible.

e. First siagnopod.

f. Second siagnopod.

h. First gnathopod.

i. Second gnathopod.

k. First pereiopod.

Z. Second pereiopod.

m. Third pereiopod; distal joints.

nib. Mastigobranchia. PLATE CVIII.

Nauticaris marionis (p. 603).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged twice.

a. Ophthalmopod.

6. First antenna.

c. Second antenna, scaphocerite.

d. Mandible.

e. First siagnopod.

/ Second siagnopod.

g. Third siagnopod.

h. First gnathopod.

i. Second gnathopod.

i". Second gnathopod; mastigobranchia.

I Second pereiopod.

v.- Sixth somite; v", articulated process at the infero-posterior angle. vz. Rhipidura; lateral view. „ 2. Branchial apparatus in situ. PLATE CIX.

Nauticaris futilirostris (p. 606). Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged twice.

Hetairus gaimardii (p. 611). „ 2. Lateral view; enlarged four times. „ 2d. Mandible. „ 2g. Third siagnopod. „ 2h. First gnathopod.

Hetairus tenuis (p. 613). „ 3. Lateral view; enlarged three times.

Hetavrus debUis (p. 615). „ 4. Lateral view; enlarged four timeB. PLATE CX.

Nauticaris unirecedens (p. 608).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged five times.

Chorismus tvberculatus (p. 617).

„ 2. Lateral view.

„ 2a. Ophthalmopod.

„ 2d. Mandible.

Amphiplectus depresms (p. 623).

„ 3. Lateral view ; enlarged twice.

„ 3d. Mandible.

„ 3i. First gnathopod.

Merhippolyte agulhasensis (p. 619).

„ 4. Lateral view; enlarged twice.

„ 4a. Ophthalmopod.

„ 4i. Second gnathopod. PLATE CXI.

Heterocarpus dorsalis (p. 630).

Fig. 1 ? . Lateral view of female.

b. First antenna.

c. Second antenna; scaphocerite.

d. Mandible ; aynaphipod detached.

f. Second siagnopod.

g. Third siagnopod.

h. First gnathopod.

i. Second gnathopod.

k. First pereiopod.

I. Second pereiopod.

m. Third pereiopod.

p. First pleopod.

q. Second pleopod.

zv. Khipidura.

„ 2. Branchiie in natural position. PLATE CXIJ.

Heterocarpus alphonsi (p. 632).

Fig. 1. Lateral view.

„ 1/, \V. Second pereiopod ; right and left.

Heterocarpus gibbosus (p. 634).

„ 2. Lateral view; enlarged twice.

„ i. First gnathopod.

„ ky I, m. First three pereiopoda.

„ 2z. Telson.

Heterocarpus Isevigatus (p. 636).

„ 3. Lateral view.

Heterocarpus ensifer (p. 638),

„ 4. Lateral view.

Dorodotes levicarina (p. 680).

„ 5. Lateral view; enlarged twice.

„ bl. Second pereiopod. PLATE CXIII.

Plesionika uniproducta (p. 641). Fig. 1. Lateral view. „ la, a. Opbthalmopoda. „ 16. First antenna. „ lc. Second antenna; scaphocerite. „ lant., Ipost. Epistoma and metastomata in relative position.

„ Id. Mandible. ., le. First siagnopod.

., If. Second siagnopod.

„ \g. Tliird siagnopod.

„ \Ii. First gnathopod.

., 1/. Second pereiopod, right.

„ 1/'. Second pereiopod, left.

Plesionika spinipes (p. 646). „ 2. Lateral view; enlarged twice.

„ 2k. First pereiopod, terminal joints. „ 2m. Third pereiopod, articulation of mero-carpal joint.

Plesionika semilawis (p. 644). n 3. Lateral view; slightly enlarged. „ 36. First antenna.

Plesionika widens (p. 648). ,, 4. Lateral view ; slightly enlarged.

Plesionika brevirostris (p. 650). „ 5. Lateral view.

„ 5l. Second pereiopod. PLATE CXIV.

Nothocaris rostricrescentis (p. G53).

Fig. 1. Lateral view.

„ lr.c. Rostral crest.

„ la. Ophthalmopod.

„ lb. First antenna.

„ \d. Mandible.

„ \h. First gnathopod.

„ It, Second gnathopod.

„ lk. First pereiopod.

„ lk". First pereiopod, terminal joints.

„ 12. Telson.

Nothocaris binoculus (p. G5G). „ 2. Lateral view.

„ 2r.c. Rostral crest.

„ 2a. Ophthalmopod-

Nothocaris ocellus (p. 657). „ 3. Lateral view.

., 3r.c. Rostral crest

Pandalus modestus (p. 670). „ 4. Lateral view; enlarged four times.

,, 4b. First antenna.

„ 4k. First pereiopod.

„ 4l. Second pereiopod, right.

„ 4l'. Second pereiopod, left.

„ 4m. Third pereiopod. PLATE CXV.

Pandalus inagnoculus (p. 667).

Fig. 1. Lateral view ; enlarged twice.

„ la. Ophthalmopod.

„ 16. First antenna.

„ lz. Telson.

Pandalus falcipes (p. 668).

„ 2. Lateral view ; enlarged twice.

„ 2a. Ophthalmopod.

„ 26. First antenna.

„ 2z. Telson.

Pandalopsis amplus (p. 671).

„ 3. Lateral view.

„ 3a. Ophthalmopod.

„ 36. First antenna.

„ 3i Second gnathopod.

„ Sfc. First pereiopod.

„ 3z. Telson. PLATE CXVI.

Chlorotocus incertus (p. 674).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged twice.

„ la. Ophthalmopod.

„ 16. First antenna.

,, lc. Second antenna.

„ la*. Mandible.

„ le. First siagnopod.

„ If. Second siagnopod.

„ \g. Third siagnopod.

„ Xh. First gnathopod.

„ It. Second gnathopod.

„ 1&. First pereiopod.

„ 2. Pereion, showing branchial arrangement.

Dorodotes reflexus (p. 678).

„ 3. Lateral view.

„ 8a. Ophthalmopod.

Nothocwiis geniculatus (p. 661).

„ 4. Lateral view of female.

„ 4a. Ophthalmopod.

„ 4j. Second pleopod; stylamblys detached. PLATE CXVII.

Thcdassocaiis dana (p. 683).

Fig. 1. Lateral view; enlarged ten times.

„ lb. First antenna.

„ lc. Second antenna; lc", inner margin of scaphocerite, enlarged.

Thalassocaris stimpsoni (p. 684).

„ 2. Dorsal view; enlarged ten times.

Diaplioropua versipellis (p. 687).

„ 3. Lateral view; enlarged ten times.

„ Zk! First pereiopod.

„ M. Second pereiopod.

„ 3m. Third pereiopod.

„ 3o. Fourth pereiopod.

Diapkoropus longidorsalis (p. 688).

„ 4. Lateral view; enlarged eighteen times. PLATE CXV1II.

Atya sulcatipes (p. 694). Fig. L Lateral view ; slightly enlarged. L First antenna.

c. Second antenna, with three articuli of the flagellum enlarged d. Mandible.

/ Second siagnopod. 9- Third siagnopod. k. First gnathopod. * Second gnathopod. k. First pereiopod. f,Z, , v. Rhipidura. PLATE CXIX.

Atya stdcatipes (p. 694).

Fig. 1. Lateral view, showing branchiae.

„ \p. First pleopod.

„ \q. Second pleopod.

Atya serrata (p. 699).

„ 2. Lateral view; enlarged twice.

„ 2a. Ophthalmopod.

Caridina typuS (p. 704).

„ 3. Part of pereion, with appendages.

„ '3d. Mandible.

„ Zi. Second gnathopod.

„ Zk First pereiopod. „ 8l. Second pereiopod.

„ 8m. Third pereiopod. PLATE CXX.

Atya bisulcata (p. 700). 1. Lateral view; enlarged twice. b. First antenna c. Second antenna d. Mandible ; inner and outer surfaces. e. First siagnopod. f. Second siagnopod. g. Third siagnopod. k. First gnathopod. i. Second gnathopod. h First pereiopod. o. Fifth pereiopod.