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898 the VOYAGE of H.M.S. CHALLENGER. the First Pair Of 898 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. The first pair of antennas is scarcely as long as the ophthalmopod, and terminates in two subequal flagella, the outer of which is slightly larger than the inner. The peduncle which supports them is about half the length of the ophthalmopod ; the first joint is very long and the other two are short. The second pair of antennas has a scaphocerite that is a little shorter than the peduncle of the first pair, rounded at the extremity, and has the inner margin fringed with hairs; the flagellum is longer than the scaphocerite. The mandible has no synaphipod; the psalistoma is long and distally serrate, and the molar tubercle is robust. The supplementary oral appendages have not been accurately determined. The first pair of gnathopoda is short and subpediform, but all the other appendages of the pereion with their ecphyses are broken off, but the remaining joints of the posterior pair indicate a larger organ than those anterior to it. The pleopoda, except the first, which is single, are developed as short biramous appendages ; the posterior pair is about once and a half as long as the telson. Eretmocaris stylorostris, n. sp. (PI. CXLV. fig. 3). Carapace one-fourth the length of the animal, dorsally armed on the frontal region with a sharply pointed tooth, and anteriorly produced to a smooth rostrum that is about one-third the length of the carapace. Pleon dorsally smooth ; sixth somite twice the length of the fifth. Telson two-thirds the length of the sixth somite. Ophthalmopoda once and a half as long as the carapace. First pair of antennas about half the length of the animal. Second pair of antennas having the scaphocerite subequal with the length of the peduncle of the first pair. Appendages of the pereion long and cylindrical; each being furnished with long basecphyses. Length, entire, ...... 4 mm. (0*2 in.). , of carapace, 1 , of pleon, 3 , of ophthalmopod, . 1-5 „ of 6ret antenna, . 2-2 „ of scaphocerite, . 1-4 „ of sixth somite of pleon, , 1-4 „ of telson, , 07 Habitat.—April 26, 1876 ; off Cape Verde Islands ; taken at the surface. The carapace is about one-fourth the length of the animal, armed on the dorso-frontal region with a strong horizontally directed tooth, and anteriorly produced to a long and REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 899 slender styliform rostrum; the frontal margin does not appear to be armed with a supraorbital or other tooth, and the fronto-lateral angle does not project beyond a right angle. The pleon has the anterior five somites subequal in length, the third is slightly the longest, and overlaps the fourth on the dorsal surface, but it is not projected to a tooth ; the sixth somite is as long as the preceding two, and the telson is about half the length of the sixth somite. The ophthalmopoda are longer than the carapace, and at the base between them is a large orbicular lobe that is furnished at the posterior portion with a distinct ocellus; they are biarticulate, the first joint is a long and slender cylindrical stalk, supporting at its extremity an equally long and pear-shaped segment, at the extremity of which is the rounded facetted ophthalmus. The first pair of antennje is more than half the length of the animal, and terminates in two unequal flagella; the outer is the more robust, and is furnished with numerous sensory cilia, the inner being slender and longer; the peduncle is longer than the ophthalmopod, and slightly curves towards the distal extremity, the first joint is very long, the second is short, and the third still shorter, all being cylindrical. The second pair of antennae supports a scaphocerite that is nearly as long as the ophthalmopod ; it is distallj7 rounded, and the inner margin is fringed with hairs. The mandibles do not carry a synaphipod, but are furnished with a serrate psalistoma and a strong molar prominence; this organ lies closely impacted between the anterior and posterior labia. The supplementary oral appendages are small, and have not been closely examined as the specimen is unique. The first pair of gnathopoda is short, pediform, and tolerably robust, but I could not be certain that it carries a basecphysis. The second pair is long, slender, and six-jointed, and terminates in a short sharp- pointed dactylos, and the basis carries a long ecphysis. The pereiopoda are formed on the same type as the second pair of gnathopoda. They are all six-jointed and cylindrical; the basis is comparatively long, and the ischium and meros appear to be united ; the carpos is shorter, but proportionately longer than usual, the propodos is short, and the dactylos is short, pointed, and terminates in a small bristle. They are all furnished with a basecphysis, which is slender and subequal in length with the respective pereiopod, excepting the penultimate pair, in which it is not more than one-third its length. The fifth or ultimate pair of pereiopoda in this species, as in all the specimens of the other species, is broken off at the basisal joint, which from its large size (although in this species it is not so large as in some others) indicates that this appendage is of some peculiar significance in relation to the animal. The pleopoda are not yet present, but traces of their development appear at the 900 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. margins of the fourth and fifth somites, while the anterior show no evidence of their presence, but the ventral surface in the median line of each somite is inferiorly lobed, and a mass of neural substance appears to be lodged in each. The sixth pair of pleopoda is unequally biramose, and extends beyond the telson for half its length. Eretmocaris corniger, n. sp. (PL CXLV. fig. 4). Carapace one-fourth the length of the animal, dorsally arnied with a strong tooth on the gastric region, anteriorly produced to a rostrum, which is broken short off in this the only specimen obtained. Pleon having a horn-like tooth on the dorsal surface of the third somite, curving anteriorly. Telson as long as the sixth joint. Ophthalmopoda as long as the carapace. Scaphocerite longer than the ophthalmopod. Appendages of the pereion having the basecphyses subequal with the pereiopoda. Lengl entire, .... 7 mm. (3 in.). of carapace, 1-5 „ of rostrum (broken), 2 „ of pleoD, .... 5'5 „ of third somite of pleon, 0-8 „ of sixth somite of pleon, - 1'5 „ of telson, .... 1-5 „ Habitat.—Cape Verde, April 26, 1876. The carapace is scarcely more than one-fifth the length of the animal; it is dorsally armed with a strong tooth in the median line of the gastric region, and anteriorly pro­ duced to a rostrum which is broken off in our specimen, so that its length cannot be determined. Near the middle of the orbit stands a large sharp tooth directed forwards, and the antennal angle is rounded off, as is also the fronto-lateral angle, behind which and within the margin stands a sharp tooth. The anterior two somites of the pleon are subequal; the third is longer, and is armed with an anteriorly curved vertical tooth on the dorsal surface near the posterior margin; the fourth and fifth somites are shorter and subequal, the sixth is longer than the preceding two, and the telson is equal to the sixth somite. The ophthalmopoda are biarticulatc and subequal in length with the carapace; the basal joint being a long and slender stalk that is equal in length to the pyriform distal mass, which corresponds with the usual organ, the rounded extremity of which represents the reticulated ophthalmus. The first pair of antenna is longer than the ophthalmopod and terminates in two REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 901 unequal flagella, the peduncle of which does not reach to the distal extremity of the ophthalmus. The second pair of antennas supports a scaphoccritc that is a little longer than the ophthalniopod, rounded at the distal extremity, which is fringed with hairs, and has the outer angle armed with a strong tooth; the flngellum is one-third shorter than the scaphocerite. Amphion, Milne-Edwards. Amjthioti, Milne-Edward a, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, torn. i. p. 336; Hist. Nat. Crust., torn. ii.p.48G. In 1832, Professor Milne-Edwards, at a meeting of the Entomological Society of Paris, described a pelagic Crustacean of small size, and extremely pellucid, to which he gave the name of Amj>hiont and placed it as a new genus along with another that appeared to correspond much with it, to which Leach had given the name of Phyllo­ soma, in a family to which Milne-Edwards gave the name of Bicuirasses, and placed it among the Stomapoda. The genus Phyllosoma has since been demonstrated to be the young and immature form of Crustacea belonging to the families of Palinuridce and Scyllaridte, but* the position of Amphion is still uncertain, its true relation to the adult form not having been hitherto determined. Although it possesses some general resemblance to Phyllosoma, it differs most importantly in structural characters, and belongs to a separate division of the order. The general outline of form is very different. In Phyllosoma the carapace is as broad as long and circular in form, and does not cover the pereion, which exists as a second somewhat circular disc posterior to it, whence Milne-Edwards derived the general name for the family. In Amphion the carapace is long and narrow, and covers the pereion from the earliest to the latest stage of its known development.
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