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The Brachyura and Macrura of the Hawaiian Islands

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The Brachyura and Macrura of the Hawaiian Islands U. S. COMMISSION OF FISH AND FISHERIES, GEORGE M. BOWERS, Commissioner. THE BRACHYURA AND MACRURA OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. BY MARY J. RATHBUN. Extracted from U. S. Fish Commission Bnlletin for 1903, Part III, Pages 827 to 930, Plates I to XXIV, ISSUKD JANUARY 27, 1906. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1906. THE BRACHYURA AND MACRURA OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. By MARY J. RATHBUN. 827 THE BRACHYURA AND MACRURA OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. By MARY J. RATHBUN. Relatively little has been published hitherto on the decapod fauna of the Hawaiian Islands, the collecting' done by the earlier expeditions being limited usually to a few da}7s. The number of species and subspecies of Brachyura and Macrura known up to the present time was 109; in this paper that number is increased to 314.a Of these the majority (245 species) have been obtained by the U. S. Fish Commission. A few derived from other sources are contained in the National Museum collection, and 26 have been added by examination of the Braclnura in the Museum of Compar­ ative Zoology, a privilege granted to the author by Dr. Walter Faxon, who had previously made the determinations. Twent3^-eight other species are attributed to the islands in various publications, but the present writer had no means of verifying these records.'' The Fish Commission explorations began in 1891, in connection with tlm cable survey between California and the Hawaiian Islands, when ten hauls of the trawl and tangles were made, mostly between 300 and 375 fathoms. The results were meager compared with those realized by the three months' systematic exploration by a land party in 1901 under the leadership of Dr. D. S. Jordan and Dr. B. W. Evermann and hj the Albatross in 1902/' This vessel occupied 397 stations in the vicinit}7 of the islands,'while field parties, led by Dr. Charles H. Gilbert, explored the shores and reefs as'well as the fresh-water stz-eams. Mr. Walter K. Fisher, of Stanford Uni­ versity, has given added value to the specimens by notes on their habits, color, etc. Mr. Henry W. Henshaw, for many years a resident of Hilo, has from time to time sent Crustacea to the National Museum, and has added several species to this list. Other contributors are the late Valdemar Knudsen, a wealthy planter of the island of Kauai who was much interested in natural history, and Mr. R. C. McGregor, of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. The Hawaiian crabs at the Museum of Comparative Zoology were taken nearly half a century ago by Mr. Andrew Garrett and Mr. Horace Mann, both zealous "The Hawaiian Crangonidae ( = Alpheidffi) have been assigned to Dr. H. Coutiere, of the Kcole Sup^rieure de Phar- macie, Paris; the Anomura to Dr. James R. Benedict, of the U. S. National Museum. f> Some of these species have nominee been collected, or are known only from description and flgnre, the type specimen having been destroyed, as Gakne hairaUuixisD&na. A few species it is almost certain have been erroneously recorded from the Hawaiian Islands, as Trictwdactyluspimctxitm- Eydoux and Souleyet, which is a South American fluviatile crab, and Pachygrapsvj crassipas Randall, one of several forms collected by Kuttnll and Townsend and confused with others taken on the California coast. The occurrence of Ocupode gaudichaudii at Honolulu needs confirmation. « A single dredging often embraced a long period of time and a great range of depth, therefore the statement that a species was taken at 68-179 fathoms does not indicate its actual range, but simply its occurrence at some point between those depths. 829 L 830 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. collectors, or later by Dr. W. H. Jones, l.T. S. Nav\y, who, with Dr. T. H. Streets, was surgeon and naturalist on the U. S. 8. Portsmouth during- the survey of the North Pacific Ocean in 1878-74. Through the courtesy of Mr. Witmer Stone, the writer has made an examination of all of Randall's types of Hawaiian crabs and shrimps extant in the museum of.tJyv Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. Some of these have been noted by Kingsley, Sharp, and Ortmann, but the validity of Penseus marginatus Kandall is here established for the first time. The Hawaiian fauna is almost entirely Indo-Pacific, the islands forming the northeastern, as the Indian Ocean is the southwestern limit, for the majority of the species. This is true of the shore and shallow water forms a and in a lesser degree of the abyssal forms, of which many are cosmopolitan and have been described by Smith, Bate, A. Milne Edwards, or Alcock, from the depths of the Atlantic, Pacific, or Indian oceans.6 This circumstance of wide horizontal distribution of deep-water species has recently been emphasized by Ortmann in reporting on the Schizopoda."c Besides 76 of the 80 species here described as new, few species are restricted to the Hawaiian Islands, and such apparent restriction may be due to incomplete knowledge. Very little affinity to the fauna of the American continent is shown. Mieropaiwpe wlobata, a new species, forms, a marked exception, as the genus is tropical American and the Hawaiian species is akin to M. truncatifrons Rathbun of the West Indies. The figures of Cyrtcnnaia smithi were drawn by the late Dr. J. C. McConnell; the other drawings of Brachyura, as well as all the colored plates, are the work of Mr. A. H. Baldwin; Miss E. G. Mitchell made the pen and ink drawings of most of the Macrura. The photographs were taken by Mr. Clarence Dodge, excepting Plates I and II, which are the gift of Mr. H. W. Henshaw. LIST OF THE SPECIES.^ Ocypode ceratophthalma (Pallas). | Grapsus strigosus longitarsis Dana. Ocypode bevis Dana. Geograpsus lividus (Milne Edwards). ? Ocypode gaudichaudii Milne Edwards and Lucas. Geograpsus crinipes (Dana). Uca minor (Owen). , Hemigrapsus crassinmnus Dana. Uea tetragonon (Herbst). Metopograpsus messor (Forskal). Macrophthalmus teiescopicus (Owen). ' Pachygrapsus plicatus (Milne Edwards). Macrophthalmus inermis A. Milne Edwards. Pachygrapsus minutus A. Milne Edwards. Libystes nitidus A. Milne Edwards. ' Pachygrapsus longipes Rathbun. Pilumnoplax cooki Rathbun, nov. '/Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall. Palicus fisheri Rathbun, nov. Planes minutus (Linrueus). Palicus oahueusis Rathbun, nov. Cyclograpsus granulatus Dana. Manella spinipes (de Man), gen. nov. Cyclograpsus henshawi Rathbun. Cardisoma rotundum (Quoy and Gaimard). Cyclograpsus cinereus Dana. *Grapsus grapsus tenuicrustatus (Herhst). Sesarma(Sesarma)a.ngugtifronsA. MilneEdwards. Grapsus strigosus (Herbst). j Sesarraa (Holornetopus) obtusifrons Dana. a The synonymy is abbreviated in the ease of well-known Indian species to a reference to Aleock's classical work on the Oarcinologicnl Fauna ol India, the first part of which appeared in 1895 (Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, LXIV), and in which full references and descriptions maybe found. b The following shrimps occur in greatest abundance: Pandalus martius A. Milne Edwards, Heterocarpus emifer A. Milne Edwards, PolyrMleti phosphorm (Alcock), Ncmatomrcinux Lenuirostris Bate, and Pavdahis eni'£.s'(A. Milne Edwards). e Science, n. s., XIX, 1901, No. 491, pp. 827-828. dThose marked with an asterisk were found in the market at Honolulu, BRACHYURA AND MACULNRA OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 831 Sesarma (Holometopus) trapezium Dana. ' Aetata hawaiiensis Eathbun, nov. Sarmatium faxoni Eathbun, nov. Actsea (?) integerrima (Dana). Plagusia depressa tuberculata Lamarck. ' Banareia villosa Eathbun, nov. Plagusia immaculata Lamarck. Daira perlata (Herbst). Percnon planissimum (Herbst). • Xanthias lamarckii (Milne Edwards), Percnon abbreviatuin (Dana), i Xanthias flavescens Eathbun, nov. Percnon pilimanus (A. Milne Edwards). Xanthias notatus (Dana). ?Trichodactylus punctatus Eydoux and Souleyet. Xanthias minutus (Rathbun), *Carpilius maculatus (Linnaaus). Xanthias canaliculars Rathbun, nov. *Carpilius convexus (Forskai). Micropanope sexlobata Eathbun, nov. Carpilodes tristis Dana. i Chlorodiella niger (Forskal). Carpilodes ruber A. Milne Edwards. Chlorodiella hevissima (Dana). Carpilodes coecineus Eathbun, nov. Phymodius ungulatus (Milne Edwards). Carpilodes virgatus Eathbun, nov. Phymodius obscurus (Lucas). Carpilodes vaillanttanus (A. Milne Edwards). I Phymodius nitidus (Dana). Carpilodes montieulosus A. Milne Edwards. J Phymodius lajrsani Eathbun, nov, Carpilodes supernodosus Eathbun, nov. i Chlorodopsis areolata (Milne Edwards). Liomera pubescens (Milne Edwards). Chlorodopsis scabricula (Dana). Liomera prsetexta Eathbun, nov. Chlorodopsis aberrans Rathbun, nov. Atergatis ocyroe (Hevbst). Pilodius flavus Rathbun. Platypodia semigranosa (Heller). Menippe convexa Eathbun. Platypodia granulosa (Ruppell). Pseudozius caystrus (Adams and White). Platypodia eydouxii (A. Milne Edwards). Pseudozi\is inornatus Dana. Platypodia actoeoides (A. Milne Edwards). Pseudozius triunguieulatus Borradaile. Zosim'us teneus (Linnaeus). Platyozius laevis Borradaile. Lophozozymus incisus (Milne Edwards), Ozius hawaiiensis Rathbun. Lophozozymus dodone (Herbst). Lydia annulipes (Milne Edwards). Lophozozymus intonsus (Randall). Pilumnus vespertilio (Fabricius). Xantho lacunosus Eathbun, nov. Pilumnus alcocki Borradaile. Xantho bidentatus A. Milne Edwards. Pilumnus nuttingi Eathbun, nov. Xantho crassimanus A. Milne Edwards. Pilumnus acutifrons. Rathbun, nov. Leptodius exaratus (Milne Edwards). Pilumnus andersoni de Man. Leptodius sanguineus (Milne Edwards). Pilumnus teeniola Eathbun, nov. Leptodius molokaiensis1 Eathbun, nov. Pilumnus o.valis A. Milne Edwards. Leptodius nudipes (Dana). Actumnus obesus Dana. Leptodius gracilis
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