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'I'm Burning up in Flames and I'm Drowning': on the Poetry of Nikos

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'I'm Burning up in Flames and I'm Drowning': on the Poetry of Nikos ‘I’m burning up in flames and I’m drowning’: On the poetry of Nikos Gatsos, inside the music of Stavros Xarhakos, inside the film Rebetiko The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Nagy, Gregory. 2018.10.18. "‘I’m burning up in flames and I’m drowning’: On the poetry of Nikos Gatsos, inside the music of Stavros Xarhakos, inside the film Rebetiko." Classical Inquiries. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.eresource:Classical_Inquiries. Published Version https://classical-inquiries.chs.harvard.edu/im-burning-up-in- flames-and-im-drowning-on-the-poetry-of-nikos-gatsos-inside- the-music-of-stavros-xarhakos-inside-the-film-rebetiko/ Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41361463 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Classical Inquiries Editors: Angelia Hanhardt and Keith Stone Consultant for Images: Jill Curry Robbins Online Consultant: Noel Spencer About Classical Inquiries (CI ) is an online, rapid-publication project of Harvard’s Center for Hellenic Studies, devoted to sharing some of the latest thinking on the ancient world with researchers and the general public. While articles archived in DASH represent the original Classical Inquiries posts, CI is intended to be an evolving project, providing a platform for public dialogue between authors and readers. Please visit http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.eresource:Classical_Inquiries for the latest version of this article, which may include corrections, updates, or comments and author responses. Additionally, many of the studies published in CI will be incorporated into future CHS pub- lications. Please visit http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.eresource:CHS.Online_Publishing for a complete and continually expanding list of open access publications by CHS. Classical Inquiries is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 In- ternational License. Every efort is made to use images that are in the public domain or shared under Creative Commons licenses. Copyright on some images may be owned by the Center for Hellenic Studies. Please refer to captions for information about copyright of individual images. Citing Articles from Classical Inquiries To cite an article from Classical Inquiries, use the author’s name, the date, the title of the article, and the following persistent identifer: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.eresource:Classical_Inquiries. For example: Nagy, G. 2019.01.31. “Homo Ludens at Play with the Songs of Sappho: Experiments in Comparative Reception Teory, Part Four.” Classical Inquiries. http://nrs.harvard.edu/ urn-3:hul.eresource:Classical_Inquiries. Classical Inquiries Studies on the Ancient World from CHS Home About People The CI Poetry Project Home » By Gregory Nagy » ‘I’m burning up in flames and I’m drowning’: On the poetry of Nikos Gatsos, inside the music of Stavros Xarhakos, inside the film Rebetiko Share This ‘I’m burning up in flames and I’m drowning’: On the poetry of Nikos Gatsos, inside the music of Stavros Xarhakos, inside the film Rebetiko October 18, 2018 By Gregory Nagy listed under By Gregory Nagy Comments off Edit This 2018.10.18 | By Gregory Nagy §0. My comments here celebrate a celebration. The original celebration happened on October 14, 2018, and this happening was given a most remarkable name: “The Gatsos I loved: A concert.” The concert was presented by the Harvard University Library, primarily through the efforts of Rhea Lesage. In gratitude for her accomplishment, I dedicate to her my comments here as a celebration of the original celebration. What I write, in the afterglow of a few days later, is about the poetry of Nikos Gatsos (Νίκος Γκάτσος) as we see it Classical Inquiries (CI) is an online, embedded in music composed by Stavros Xarhakos (Σταύρος Ξαρχάκος). I focus on one of several songs that these two artists created together for the film Rebetiko (Ρεμπέτικο), which originally appeared in 1983. The rapid-publication project of Harvard’s song, which was not one of the pieces featured in the luminous concert of October 2018, highlights the Center for Hellenic Studies, devoted to word “καίγομαι”—and I translate it for the moment as ‘I’m burning up in flames’. Why do I focus on this sharing some of the latest thinking on song? In the comments that follow, I give seven reasons. the ancient world with researchers and the general public. §1. First, I focus on this song because I love the poetry of Gatsos that I hear embedded inside the music composed by Xarhakos, which I love equally. Such embedding, as I just called it, reminds me of the interaction of poetry and music in ancient Greek songmaking, where the oldest forms of poetry and song Editor are undifferentiated from each other, as I argued in the book Pindar’s Homer (1990:41–42). I cite there the formulation of A. M. Dale in The Lyric Metres of Greek Drama (2nd ed. Cambridge 1968:166), who makes use of Milton’s concept of Voice and Verse as uniting to form Song: “For the Greek lyric poet Voice and Verse were not a pair of sirens; Verse was merely the incomplete record of a single creation, Song.” So, the Keith Stone interaction of the poetry of Gatsos with the music of Xarhakos is to my mind a good enough reason for [email protected] producing an essay such as this one, which celebrates, after all, the legacy of Gatsos—an artist whose role in the creation of song can remain dynamically alive in the living archives of the Harvard University Library. The story of the Library’s custodianship of this legacy is told briefly but forcefully here: Search for: https://library.harvard.edu/about/news/2018­08­21/harvard­library­presents­gatsos­i­loved­concert­ Search october­14­2018. To supplement what is said at that site, I have asked my colleague Rhea Lesage to write an afterword as Subscribe Now! the last word, as it were, for supplementing the comments I am presenting now. §2. But here is a second reason for my focusing on the song that starts with the word καίγομαι. The thing is, I not only love to hear the poetry of Gatsos and the music of Xarhakos as they blend together in this song. I also love to see the film inside which the song itself comes to life. The film is Rebetiko (Ρεμπέτικο, Subscribe to this site to receive email alternatively transliterated Rembetiko), which appeared in 1983, directed by Kostas Ferris (Κώστας Φέρρης) updates about the latest research—just and scripted by Ferris together with Sotiría Leonárdou (Σωτηρία Λεονάρδου), who also acts the main role. one or two notices per week. She is a woman named ‘Maríka’. Other actors in this film who must be remembered include Nikos EU/EEA Privacy Disclosures Dimitratos (Νίκος Δημητράτος) as ‘Panagis’ and Nikos Kalogeropoulos (Νίκος Καλογερόπουλος) as ‘Babis’. Also to be remembered is the creative collaboration of Nikos Gatsos with Agathi Dimitrouka (Αγαθή Δημητρούκα) in the composition of many of the lyrics composed for Rebetiko. §3. There is more to it. A third reason for my focusing on a song that starts with the excruciatingly painful sensation of burning up in flames is this: I love also to hear—and to see—the passionate singing of Sotiría Leonárdou in the role of Maríka, who is shown in the act of performing this song of pain. The sensation of burning up in flames, felt by the character of Maríka, blends beautifully with the plot of the whole story that Now Online is being told in the film Rebetiko. After Rebetiko, directed by Kostas Ferris (1983): Maríka about to sing. §4. And there is even more to it. A fourth reason for my focusing on a song that highlights the Modern Greek verb καίγομαι ‘I am burning up in flames’ is the fact that this verb is derived from the ancient Greek verb καίω/καίομαι ‘I burn’. And, just as important, there is the added fact that the Modern Greek noun καημός is derived from that same ancient verb. But Modern Greek καημός means, on the surface, not ‘burning’ but, rather, ‘pain’ and ‘sorrow’ or even ‘longing’ and ‘desire’. All these meanings, I will now argue, converge on a single driving metaphor, which is, that I feel a burning pain and sorrow or longing and desire. Further, the word καημός refers not only to pain and sorrow or longing and desire but also to a song about pain and sorrow or longing and desire. Such an extended meaning that includes song reminds me of the meaning of akhos and penthos in ancient Greek songmaking: these two words refer not only to pain and sorrow but also to a song about pain and sorrow. Such a song, from the viewpoint of anthropologists, is a lament, which merges feelings of pain and sorrow with feelings of longing and desire, as I have argued Top Posts & Pages in Hour 3 of H24H, especially at 3§13. §5. I now come to a fifth reason for my focusing on a song that highlights the word καίγομαι ‘I am burning up in flames’. In Modern Greek song culture, a kind of singing that expresses and embodies καημός as a metaphorical ‘burning’ is rebetiko (ρεμπέτικο, alternatively transliterated rembetiko), which was the The Last Words of Socrates at inspiration for the title of the film Rebetiko. This kind of καημός expressed the pain and sorrow of what is the Place Where He Died still known as the Catastrophe of 1922.
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