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75190 Africa 13/06/02 16:10 Side 222 75190 Africa 13/06/02 16:10 Side 222 Sierra Leone Main Objectives vided for at temporary settlements and in host communities. UNHCR, IOM and other partners Reduce internal displacement by providing assis- effected orderly repatriation from Conakry to tance to Sierra Leonean returnees unable to return to Freetown and beyond. areas of origin; support the restoration of public • Host communities benefited from community- services and amenities wherever disarmament and based infrastructure projects undertaken at tem- demobilisation produce sufficient stability; continue porary refugee sites. to provide assistance for long-term Liberian refugees • A community-based, non-discriminatory whilst identifying and implementing durable solu- approach to service delivery contributed to tions for them; provide assistance to all newly arriv- peace by involving people in the process. ing refugees and prepare for possible new arrivals; • Newly arrived Liberian refugees received pro- phase out activities in host communities when the tection and assistance. UNHCR also worked to refugees attain acceptable levels of self-sufficiency. secure self-sufficiency for many members of the long-term Liberian refugee community. Impact • Prospective returnees and IDPs benefited from information campaigns and situation reports on • Over 100,000 Sierra Leone returnees were pro- their place of origin or destination. 222 – UNHCR Global Report 2001 75190 Africa 13/06/02 16:10 Side 223 • Establishing camps away from the border east of the country to restore order. Several areas increased the level of safety for returnees and were declared safe for resettlement. However, facilitated the provision of relief assistance. plans for durable reintegration in refugee areas of • Transportation was provided for the most origin met with little success, apart from in the vulnerable of the refugees willing to leave Kambia district. 7,000 long-staying Liberian Kailahun District, to be relocated further in refugees continued to receive temporary assistance land, away from the Sierra Leone-Liberia Border. while renewed efforts were made towards the end of the year to deploy the resources needed to resume reintegration activities. Working Environment Constraints The Context Efforts to enhance levels of self-sufficiency Sierra Leone Instability in Guinea in 2000 led Sierra Leone amongst long-staying Liberian refugees were refugees there to move towards Conakry, from hampered by the limited economic opportunities where they could repatriate. Others returned to available. It was difficult to gain access to the Sierra Leone on foot, and although it could be said main areas of origin of returning refugees, some- that they had repatriated, in fact they became IDPs times rendering reintegration unworkable. Disar- because they were unable to return to their places mament in Kailahun, where new Liberian refugees of origin. UNHCR provided a ferryboat from had arrived, was incomplete by the end of Guinea and relocation assistance in Sierra Leone. 2001, and continued insecurity in Liberia resulted The infrastructure used for operations included in unstable border zones and new influxes of three transit centres and two way stations in Sierra refugees. Leone. Four temporary settlement centres provided basic services including water, sanitation, health Successful demobilisation elsewhere did increase care and education. Fifty villages benefited from UNHCR’s area of operations more rapidly than extended community amenities and economic anticipated. But difficulties in the peace process activities introduced to facilitate the reintegration contributed to internal displacement of returnees, of some 40,000 returnees assisted by UNHCR. disruptions in the provision of relief and a diver- sion of resources from durable integration to emer- Meanwhile, UNAMSIL, Sierra Leonean and British gency assistance. The need to retain capacity to forces were deployed in the less secure north and respond to emergencies continued to compete with the need to apply resources to Persons of Concern rehabilitation of damaged infra- Total Of whom Per cent Per cent structure and services. Main Origin/ in Country UNHCR Female under 18 Type of Population assisted Returnees (from Guinea) 77,300 38,300 - - The year 2001 was marked by Liberia (Refugees) 10,500 10,500 - - signs of societal breakdown typi- Returnees (from Liberia) 15,000 1,500 - - fied by insecurity (in some areas) family separations, and major disruptions to normal economic Income and Expenditure (USD) life, i.e. income generation. The Annual Programme Budget, Trust Funds and logistical difficulties caused by Supplementary Programme Budget ordinarily poor road access to Revised Income from Other Funds Total Funds Total Budget Contributions1 Available2 Available Expenditure main refugee camps or returnee AB & TF 2,828,992 1,580,426 1,228,483 2,808,909 2,808,909 areas were compounded by an SB 16,490,339 11,982,592 4,425,618 16,408,210 16,408,210 intense wet season between May TOTAL 19,319,331 13,563,018 5,654,101 19,217,119 19,217,119 and October. Whilst there was 1 Includes income from contributions restricted at the country level. considerable donor interest in 2 Includes allocations by UNHCR from unearmarked or broadly earmarked contributions, opening balance relief efforts, staffing difficulties and adjustments. The above figures do not include costs at Headquarters. (caused by the war) significantly UNHCR Global Report 2001 – 223 75190 Africa 13/06/02 16:10 Side 224 reduced the speed of implementation by relief Activities and Assistance agencies on the ground. Improvements in the security situation in some Funding parts of the country allowed UNHCR to facilitate the transfer of returnees from temporary settle- During 2001, funding was sought first for emer- ments to their places of origin. Progress in disarma- gency mobilisation activities, secondly, for reinte- ment and demobilisation, particularly from gration efforts in safe and accessible areas and mid-2001 onwards, was keenly observed by those Sierra Leone thirdly, for both old and newly arrived Liberian involved in reintegration activities in Kenema, refugees. In general, these requirements were Pujehun and Kambia Districts and the Daru met. Increased funding is now required to enclave, home to significant numbers of Sierra support reintegration activities in the newly acces- Leoneans who now felt safe enough to return spon- sible areas. taneously from Guinea and Liberia. Community Services: Newly arrived refugees Achievements and Impact received counselling, tracing and other services through the Child Protection Network. Vulnerable Protection and Solutions families received special assistance for shelter, through refugee community administrations, and A UNHCR assessment showed that 43 per cent of a limited number of subsistence allowances. Six the residual Liberian refugee community of 6,836 Peace Centres, set up for counselling victims of were refugees willing to be repatriated. Continuing sexual violence, now also housed drama groups. insecurity in Liberia however prevented repatria- UNHCR’s child protection partners cared for unac- tion of this group. On account of the prevailing companied minors on their return, housing and conditions in Liberia, the new arrivals from Liberia feeding them in Interim Care Centres (ICCs) received prima facie recognition as refugees. with a view to placement in foster homes. UNHCR facilitated literacy classes, general coun- With the approval of the Government, UNHCR selling of women and adolescents, and mechanisms refrained from supporting camps near insecure for reporting cases of sexual and gender-based border areas despite pressure from the Revolutionary violence. United Front (RUF), which then controlled the Kailahun district. As a humanitarian gesture, Crop production: Tools, seeds and technical UNHCR negotiated the release and repatriation of support were provided to refugees, returnees and some 160 Guinean civilians abducted by rebels. host communities to help secure food self- This gesture generated considerable goodwill in sufficiency. Progress was rapid: improved yields Guinea for UNHCR’s activities there. In Sierra gave 11,700 farming families 50 per cent of their Leone, UNHCR liaised closely with the Govern- rice requirement. ment on developing its capacity-building measures. These included the drafting of refugee legislation, Domestic Needs/Household Support: More than administrative procedures and the setting up of a 22,000 blankets, 21,500 mats 15,300 jerry cans, refugee status determination body to ensure 15,500 kitchen sets, 14,600 lamps and 25,107 bars of respect for the legal rights of refugees in Sierra soap were distributed to returnees. Non-food items Leone. Government representatives also participated (NFIs) were also distributed to 2,500 Liberians in the UNHCR-led Global Consultations on (new arrivals) and 75 Guineans during the year. Refugee Protection. For their part, UNHCR’s implementing partners were involved in monitoring Education: Assistance for 1,246 children of long- the rights of displaced persons, harmonising staying Liberian refugees included uniforms, travel returnee protection monitoring processes and allowances, and tuition fees. Amongst the returnees information-sharing. Partners were also represented repatriated to Kambia district, 7,619 were enrolled at workshops aimed at raising overall protection in primary schools, 495 enrolled in secondary school standards. and 683 in Rapid Response Education Programmes 224 – UNHCR Global
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