ASSYRIAN 0'D BABYLONIAN
(R¢figio u^ ert
BEING PRAYERS, ORACLES, HYMNS &c.
topieb from toe oritinmafe aetfi
PRESERVED IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM
AND AUTOGRAPHED
BY
JAMES A. CRAIG PH. D., LEIPSIC PROFESSOR OF SEMITIC LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MICH.
VOL. I.
Jeip3ig J. C. HINRICHS'SCHE BUCHHANDLUNG
I895 Assyriologische Bibliothek herausgegeben von Friedrich Delitzsch und Paul Haupt. Band XIII.
Fotomechanischer Neudruck der Originalausgabe 1895-97 nach dem Exemplar der Universititsbibliothek Leipzig ZENTRALANTIQUARIAT DER DEUTSCHEN DEMOKRATISCHEN REPUBLIK LEIPZIG 1974 Druck: (52) Nationales Druckhaus VOB National, 1055 Berlin, DDR Ag 509/63/1974 2018 I "q I _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -
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'- r dW ------· ·------~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-.. -~&l.1-0 43V4- ,. us 'Tq i~L tt tf - j~W C g6 lerJ. ET~~1 AT ~~ TTcc·-IKu P-T ~~t"i !)K. 3 .4 ,4 . o~ t.k ,. .4 ) A246,t0vm , 7 1i%,7 5 4t t I Yf "llpbm- q10--j- P* t!AT w 0-T- "A A40 a -i~ a C li4 -pr~Fr 4 4'~Tr •I lf( ti ! n '4 *II~rvrg trr4F PAT I tt=c4tv tTr /A F - am-~-I -% - - 1-- -- I A rL*1Tr ) w ~TIT '~t 7a e~~~0i: tL~F- 1 *T p't 6- ~-I-s~ P~ ~~a~t.u c~ ~~fT~(rq~I -. -- _ - [ ---· .. · /I I taL tr ~~~~~~~~~~f5--7,.... P-M'... '-%L -. · - i I - - - I I L ,4 00 D.O.T. wna 1P - wjqt- W- A;-q 1p AT t* /,l g;.. 0·e .al1~ Ofr u-\ Ng P y vi XiB ^ BA f i "^ 'i^ ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ 't i Vrr ' r ^ IT i^ -a ^ S to- - s [ f ^ r ^ Afr< ^; w h;T '"' \ ASSYRIAN Asp BABYLONIAN (gefi i o u tert BEING PRAYERS, ORACLES, HYMNS &c. Copie from te originae a46teet PRESERVED IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND AUTOGRAPHED BY JAMES A. CRAIG PROFESSOR OF SEMITIC LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN VOL. II. WITH CORRECTIONS TO VOLUME I J.HINRICHSHE . BUCHHANDLUNG . C. HINRICHS'SCHE BUCHHANDLUNG I897 Assyriologische Bibliothek herausgegeben von Friedrich Delitzsch und Paul Haupt. Band XIII. PREFACE. THE publication of the following texts and the Corrections to Vol. I. of my Religious Texts fulfills, in part, the promise made in the Preface to that Volume. In a third volume I hope to be able to publish a translation, as far as possible, of the texts in Vols. I. and II., as well as a transliteration, Notes, and a complete Glossary. In offering these additional texts to my fellow students I am compelled to say a few words, by way of rebuttal, touching certain criticisms passed upon Volume I. by Prof. H. ZIM- MERN, of Leipzig, and Prof. P. JENSEN, of Marburg, the former in the Lit. Centralblatt, I896, S. 462 f., the latter in the Zeitschriftfir Assyriologie, I896, S. 92 ff. I have been unable to discover the justness, much less the scientific value, of some of them, and am well assured in my own mind that they were made without due consideration of the facts, if not in partial ignorance of them. This deficiency on their part is in no wise to be regarded as reflecting discredit upon their knowledge of Assyrian in general, as they have lacked the opportunity (or at least have not availed themselves of it) to gain the information which alone can make their criticisms of textual work of real value, viz., extended practical ex- perience in the independent copying of texts and the acquisition of the knowledge of the Collections which such experience gives. Prof.. ZIMMERN has had some experience, but a very limited experience in this kind of work. The sum total of his contributions to textual work amounts to not much more than a score of pages, viz. I8 pages of the Surpu texts which are among the easiest, if they are not altogether the easiest, in the British Museum, and a few additional pages in the Zeitschriftfir Assyriologie. Prof. JENSEN, so far as I am aware, has not yet furnished us with any evidence of his ability to copy and publish correctly a difficult Assyrian or Babylonian text. He has confined his attention to the pleasanter task of uti- lizing the results of the hard labour of textual workers - at least he has not been generous enough to place any copies he may have at our disposal. These are the facts, and, if, in view of them, these gentlemen entertain some erroneous notions on textual work, and are prone to indulge in a certain acerbity of criticism, we need neither unduly wonder nor reproach. Both of my critics agree in placing serious strictures upon my work because I did not confine myself to a "Series," this being in Prof. ZIMMERN's opinion "das einzig richtige Verfahren," and with him Prof JENSEN agrees. They both seem to have conveniently forgotten that when I began my work the Catalogue (the publication of which, in their judgment, shuts every worker up to a Series) was not published, and they have overlooked the fact that up to the present no one has edited a Series, or even ein "moglichst completes einheitliches IV Ganzes", with the help of the Catalogue alone. The "Reike von Gelehrten" die "sich mnit grossem Erfolg bemniht hoben" to do this does not exist, notwithstanding Prof. J. The Catalogue has not proved sufficient in any of the Series published. Behind the unfinished Catalogue stood its author. We have now four Vols. which describe 20,549 tablets. 8,162 of these were catalogued when I copied my texts. The third Vol. containing the description of 6,068 tablets was not available for me until the texts were autographed, whereas the fourth Vol. describing 6,3I9 tablets, did not appear until long after Prof. Z. and Prof. J. had written their criticisms. My critics, in short, censure me for not being endowed with a species of proleptic vision wherewith to gain the information conveyed by the whole Catalogue only two-fifths of which had been published! Prof. Z. distinctly avows his own indebtedness to Dr. BEZOLD for the assistance "direct and indirect" which he received from him and for "manche" ihm "un- mittelbar personlich gegebenen Aufschliisse" in editing the Surpu Series, as well as for encou- raginzg him to undertake it. Several of these tablets were not catalogued when Prof. Z. published them. Dr. B. informed him of their presence in the collections. Without this in- formation he could not have reached even approximate completeness, nor have had any idea of how much remained to be done. There is, moreover, something more to be added here. Whether an author has done well or ill by adopting or ignoring "das einzig richtige Verfahren", granting that it were possible for him to determine without hindrance his course, depends somewhat upon the purpose he has in view. My original object was to collect as much material of a religious kind as possible, and, thereby enable myself to deal somewhat more fully with the Babylonian-Assyrian Religion than has hitherto been possible. The texts which I have published are more important from this stand-point than some of the smaller Series or Classes. Prof. Z. says in the first sentence of his Beitrage: "Eine Religion der Babylonier .u schreiben ist heutzutage noch ein Ding der Unmotgaichkeit",* and continues: "Dass dies in absehbarer Zeit geschehen kionne, dazu soll die vorliegende Publication an ihrem Teile beitragen". This ex-cathedra-like statement, with which the author announces his presence, may serve to call attention to the desirability of obtaining control of more material, but it savours ill to pronounce so positively on what is impossible - for others. And, gran- ting the impossibility, I ask: What important "contribution" has Prof. Z. contributed, in his Beitrige, to the study of Religion by following "das einzig richtig-e Vezfahren"? One looks in vain for a single important belief or teaching which was not previously known from the published literature! I have no desire to detract from the merits of the book. It is by no means perfect either in its texts or in its translations.*' It was, nevertheless, a welcome addition; but for the express purpose of the author a few "selections" might-have proved more valuable. My critics forget also that many hymns, prayers, oracles, etc. are complete in themselves. Prof. Z. criticized my book severely on account of errors, a few of the more apparent of which he pointed out, using BRUNNOW'S and JENSEN'S copies in connection with his own. In reference to this criticism I must reply that those of us who are far from London are * To this judgment Dr. JENSEN subscribes Th. Lilztg. '97, S. 2. This idea logically issues in opposition to renewed attempts to state results until the last religious record has been read; or, the statement stands in need of a qualifying adjunct and is, therefore, a bit of harmless logomachy. ** Cf. KING, Amer. Yourn. of Sent. Langs. Jan. '97, pp. 142-148. This review is impartial and, on the whole, favourable, but the statement to the effect that much more, may: be expected "when he has extended his study" of reli- gious tablets, "and gained more experience in the copying and editing of Assyrian texts" speaks for itself. - Jan. '97. v at some disadvantage. My book was put to press more quickly than it would otherwise have been for two reasons: (I) This Vol. of texts was not offered as a work completed, but only begun. It was my intention, as I said in my Preface, to publish other texts, a transliteration and translation of the whole and the corrections. Where tablets are. difficult, either because they are badly written or badly preserved, it frequently happens that errors may be dis- covered in the effort to translate closely which have easily occurred in copying where, be it remarked, one must, not infrequently, be content to translate in part, or, not at all; for, notwithstanding the implication in Prof. Z.'s charge that I copied too mechanically, it is im- possible to translate some of these texts at sight or some parts of almost any text. If Prof. ZIMMERN means to imply that he does differently, I need only reply that the suggestion must be much more imposing to those who are not Assyriologists than to those who are, and would be much more imposing to us had we not been imposed upon so often. (2) Of equal importance and suggestiveness is the following point. Inasmuch as I had the work approximately completed it seemed well from every standpoint, especially in view of what I have just stated, that I should publish it before large parts of it were recopied and pub- lished, as parts of it had been. When I began to copy with this purpose in view, I copied almost the whole of the Maqlz Series before I was informed by Dr. BEZOLD that Dr. TALL- QUIST intended to publish it. After communication with Dr. T. I abandoned the idea of pub- lishing the Series, and copied the Surpu Series as far as it was known to me through the Catalogue, my only source of information, and I intended -to publish it when I could com- plete it, viz., after the completion of the Catalogue. Prof. ZIMMERN "ermuthigt" by Dr. BEZOLD, "die Surpu- Tafen in Angriff zu nehmen", relieved me of the task, which I in no way regret. It is, nevertheless, clear that where so much remains to be done this duplication of work ought to be avoided, unless where texts have been published in a fragmentary way, or where other sufficient justification can be given. Prof. Z. hardly does justice, as I think, to the corrections I made in texts already published. Herein he is of a different mind from Prof. JENSEN who is "CRAIG dank- bar" .. "auch dafiir, dass er eine ganze Reihe bereits verffientlichter Texte noch einmal vor- setzt". On p. 53 of my book there is a small fragment of about Io lines (making cir. 7 com- plete lines) which Prof. Z. published and, therefore, it is presumably well done. I have pointed out in the margin five instances in which Prof. Z. read differently from me in this plain text, which he that runs might read. These I have since examined and in every instance my reading is correct and Prof. Z.'s wrong. This text I may take as a good example bearing upon the necessity of republishing some texts already published. My book contained mistakes, and I have been able to offer more corrections than I expected, but, at the rate above given, and takingProf. ZIMMERN as the standard of excellence, and remembering that many of my texts are difficult, as he admits, whereas his are exceedingly plain, my book, on a conservative estimate, and without any corrections to follow, might have gone forth with not less than Iooo errors! The temper of the critic is, perhaps, discoverable in his corrections. He corrects f to eP p. I7, 1. 5, but carefully avoids mention of the adjoined foot-note, which says, it "ought to be f." The logic of the critic is discoverable in his self-contradictions. My book is declared to be "eine willkommene Gabe" "und fur den assyriologischen Fachmann unentbehrlich", and in the same paragraph I am naively advised to take up pick and spade and quit the field. If my work is indispensable why should I? The translation in the Preface, which was intended to give only a general idea of the 12* VI content of some of the texts, and not a final rendering, was made the ground of more serious reflection upon my knowledge by both Prof. Z. and Prof. J. Apart from one or two clear errors, and the absence of an interrogation mark after another word or two, it may have seemed worse to my critics than it really is, owing, perhaps, to their imperfect knowledge of English. I have, therefore, no desire to discover in their remarks on my inability to translate my texts an unfriendly attitude, or to attach undue importance to them. Prof. Z. even expresses a kind regard for me personally, and, in view of our very slight acquain- tance, I am greatly gratified to know this. The hindrances which in his public utterances, and by private suggestion, he has tried to place in my way towards further work, but which have proved wholly harmless to me, will in no wise affect my regard for him, as he, doubtless, was moved by a sincere desire (a mistaken one, as I think) to secure the same excellence in all Assyrian work as he manifests in his own. Prof. JENSEN's review is much more scholarly and just,* but rings from beginning to end with the same self-sufficiency. He is a master in dogmatism, and rivals in zeal the prophet of Judaea, who sees his neighbour's sins, and, like him, hastens to utter his words of warning and omniscience. He pronounces with absolute certainty where a critic of more experience might deem modesty a wise thing, if not a virtue. To note only one example in his review, in which there are many, he says: "AufZ. 9 des Rev." (K. 1285) "habe ich i-Su-' gelesen, wahrend CRAIG gewiss mit Recht i-la-' liest". I regret to say that after exa- mining the character again with the aid of a strong lens I am compelled to reject my own rea- ding in favour of Prof. J.'s! The sign is broken, and indistinctly written thus: -X (s u), and not (l/a). The source of Prof. J.'s Gewissheit too often seems to lie in an unexpressed conceit that when he says, "let it be," immediately "it is." Similar in kind is his unqualified assertion: "die vont CRAIG statuierte Bedezitug (fiir ila'u) zum mindesten sick nicht erweisen ldsst". In these and other statements which accompany them, Prof. J. is neither critic nor scholar, as I estimate the critic and scholar; he asserts when he ought to prove, and doubly asserts when he cannot prove. The-'fraglose Verbesserungi ni-mi-ki p. 29, 1. 4, contra BRUNNOW'S mnal-ki is at least against Dr. BEZOLD who, at the time I copied the text, insisted that BRONNOW'S reading was correct. But cf. ZA. V. 52, Com. 2) = " -////// so BEZOLD". In this same text Dr. J. fails to notice that I read pa-rak-ki P. 30, 1. 31, contra "as-rak-ki", as read by BEZOLD, ZA. V. 77, 3', in which I am supported by MEISSNER. Ibid. 1. 8, Rev. and P. 40, I5 J. divides a sign (INC- in which I accidentally omitted a wedge- sT~t)so as to make it read GIS + DIL, as no one who knows anything about Assyrian would think of reading in these cases. The veriest tyro can see at a glance that the sign P. 40, 1. 15 is mar and is to be read with the three signs immediately preceding, viz., tu-us-nam-mar.-To~have pointed out that I omitted a wedge would not have suited Prof. J.'s purpose as well as to say that I read GIS + DIL. In K. 2455, following BRUNNOW, he says I am "offenbar im Unrecht", P. 39, 44 & 55 where I read respectively "TY1 " and "T HeH". read in both cases = LIBITTU, a very easy and enticing reading after BITU, but to be discarded despite the "offenbar"-of Prof. JENSEN (see Corrections, P. X, 1. 8). I opine that there is an ominous significance in the deeply esoteric statement: "Ich glaube, dass CRAIG in seinem Interesse handeln wiirde, wenn er auf eine Bearbeitung der Texte verzichtete." It reminds one involuntarily of the characteristic sentence in Prof. J.'s * He corrected errors, as far as this work could be expected in a review, and studied the texts. My thanks and my protest must, therefore, be united, and the former are acknowledged in all sincerity, as the latter is made in all calmness. pref¢ce. VII review of Dr. Muss-Arnolt's Assyrian Dictionary. ,,Ich habe Muss-Arnolt gewarnt," signed "JENSEN" (Theol. Literaturzeitung, 1895, No. 13, S. 330). - The promised translation will follow as soon as opportunity permits. It may be in place here to add that I shall also publish shortly The "Prayers to Samas and Ramman", all of which I have copied, and also, the great Astrological Series known as "The Illumination(?) of Bel," a large part of which I have copied. - Tov iotuXo3 xoaovq tOLt Ot xQrtIxoL OVTOt lo xJaQoexerG)oav. Reviews of textual work, if they are to be of any value, must be given by qualified scholars of sober judgment, who are capable, also, of understanding that a student may be moved to work wholly regardless of self-interest. There are critics, and there are hypercritics. The former are scholarly and gentlemanly even when they expose our worst faults, the latter, - pedantic and impertinent, and, I am sorry to say, some parts of my critics reviews came dangerously near establishing their right to the larger title. Nov. 20, I896. James A. Craig, University of Michigan. .mi ~ _ __ _ -] ,- 6nwi end <1d is r% sin' Pe. &2~8$-i $I5~~P-jIll~L i ipP- Pf- /S P.F j'/F-j F-I~Z)~P22. j ·9~ e.2mi · 2S ~E ~iir;·~f ~rl YUclohP~~sgqie pb4~ Ii6Pki~,~ c 'lI. i c #7zdjeaso 6. *"4i.r , ?'t~~ b~ ~; ~~ ? zt. &tTT jz i~ f ia, 2n#i r Hi ¶ ' S 4ard w1tm F_ _ ~9 2.03f *e-.# w, I i .~ i. /$ 4 A i.C4 14P- di*L a/ 6 vv-41&A w d N" P~.nP 7 IrSfS-o 4 ea d Ir-p~i.o . 2 ha~t.col 44 VW 1. PP9 T; 6gied144'42 . NW i .190r) Re~Lh 4,.icdtMud pi *1i &4t g 30f; #6S.± " . 4Woff jA , iK i.uHR / w . idw . P At a&T &t - P.O #WX 6 Ab4 A5A P4 f&W~ n 2. ( *)04 4 'I 1 p2 a 4 iA.''LI ~s / V, Sf .~tIi LI ) . Az ta pn f~llh·E~L W ,ail~c.~E~c -PP; *-i S?2. d.* rP i.9F. 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