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Women Vote Peace WOMEN VOTE PEACE ZURICH CONGRESS 1919 ZURICH 2019 WOMEN VOTE PEACE 1 Women Vote Peace Zurich congress 1919 – Zurich 2019 Documentation of the 2019 re-enactment of the Zurich Congress 1919 of Peace Women and collection of articles linking remembrance to perspectives for a feminist future. Edited by IFFF, Internationale Frauenliga für Frieden und Freiheit, the German Section of WILPF, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom This Book is part of the Project "Women Vote Peace" Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek: Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. Herstellung und Verlag: BoD – Books on Demand, Norderstedt © 2019 Internationale Frauenliga für Frieden und Freiheit IFFF, Deutsche Sektion der Womens International League for Peace and Freedom WILPF ISBN: 9783750402874 CONTENT Preface, Heidi Meinzolt, Project Coordinator .................................................5 Welcome address Natascha Wey, SP Switzerland President ..................... 13 Welcome address Joy Ada Onyesoh, WILPF International President .......15 Zurich Congress 1919 and re-enactmet Zurich 2019 ........................... 19 Historical acknowledgement, Ingrid Sharp ........................................... 21 Programm of the Zurich Congress, 1919 ............................................... 29 Script of re-enactment, Heidi Meinzolt .................................................. 33 Workshops at Zurich Congress 2019 ......................................................... 51 Some Articles reflecting Zurich Congress .............................................. 59 Articles linking remembrance to actual challenges .......................................... 60 Carmen Magallón, Spain .........................................................................61 Nina Sankari, Poland ................................................................................ 69 Helena Nyberg, Switzerland .................................................................... 75 Maki Kimura, UK ........................................................................................ 79 Ite van Djik, Netherlands .......................................................................... 85 Articles reflecting topics of the workshops ......................................................... 87 a) education, culture of peace, solidarity, visions for the future: 87 Heidi Meinzolt, Germany ......................................................................... 87 Andrea Marikovski, Hungary ..................................................................95 Ketevan Bakradze, Austria, Georgia ......................................................101 Valentina Uspenskaya, Russia ................................................................ 105 Irmgard Hofer, Germany .......................................................................109 Sławomira Walczewska, Poland ............................................................. 111 b) disarmament: ..........................................................................................115 Giovanna Pagani, Italy ............................................................................115 Liat Biron, Israel ...................................................................................... 119 c) environmental justice and feminist economy: .....................................123 Virginie Poyetton, Switzerland .............................................................. 123 Rosalyn Cook, UK ................................................................................... 127 Annemarie Sancar, Switzerland ...........................................................131 Gulnara Shahinian, Armenia ................................................................ 139 Author’s short biographies ....................................................................145 VORWORT UND GRUSSWORTE VON DER VERGANGENHEIT LERNEN, VON DER GEGENWART INSPIRIERT UND VISIONÄR FÜR DIE ZUKUNFT BLEIBEN Vorwort von Heidi Meinzolt Vielleicht fragen Sie sich: Was hat eine Frau- enfriedenskonferenz 1919 mit 2019 zu tun? Lassen Sie uns 100 Jahre zurückschauen: Viele Frauen in europäischen Ländern undd in der Welt bekommen zu diesem Zeit- punkt ihr Wahlrecht – unter historisch undd politisch sehr unterschiedlichen Rahmen- bedingungen und nach einem langenn Kampf der Stimmrechtsbewegung und derr Aktivistinnen. In manchen Ländern mussten jedoch die Frauen viel länger auf diesen Schritt zur Gleichberechtigung warten und viele Forderungen der Frauenbewegung sind bis heute nicht erfüllt oder sie sind zumindest (wieder) umstritten. Der Kampf ums Stimmrecht war immer ein Schlüsselelement für Gleich- berechtigung und Beteiligung an demokratischen Prozessen. Gleichzeitig erhoben viele Frauen ihre Stimme, um Kriege zu stoppen und den Frie- den zu bereiten. Sie kamen teils aus einem sozialistischen Hintergrund, teils gehörten sie zu den radikal-bürgerlichen Pazifistinnen. Ihre Analyse der Ursachen von Krieg und Gewalt war eindeutig: sie prangerten die un- heilige Allianz von Patriarchat, Industrie und Militär an. „Die Wirtschaft muss den Bedürfnissen der Menschen dienen, und nicht denen von Profit und Privilegien!“ (Lida Gustava Heymann 1915). Das klingt auch nach über 100 Jahren feministischen Engagements sehr aktuell! In 100 Jahren feministischen Kampfes wurde eine Menge erreicht: Das Frauenwahlrecht ist eine Selbstverständlichkeit – auch wenn ein gleichbe- rechtigter Zugang zu Wahlen nicht überall gewährt ist, die Anzahl weibli- cher Abgeordneter im Parlament teilweise rückläufig ist und fast nirgends auf der Welt 50% erreicht. Gender Mainstreaming hat Eingang in viele Leit- 7 linien und in die politische Praxis gefunden – ein Gender Pay Gap und ein Defizit bei der Besetzung von Spitzenpositionen durch Frauen aber bleibt. Frauenrechte sind als Menschenrechte anerkannt – aber in der Umsetzung gerade sexueller und reproduktiver Rechte hapert es und lange sicher ge- glaubte Rechte werden nun wieder einem neo-konservativen Familienbild geopfert. Die Frauen-Frieden-Sicherheitsagenda, die auf Partizipation, Schutz und Konfliktprävention setzt, ist von der UNO anerkannt als unver- zichtbares Instrument, nachhaltige Entwicklung und Frieden zu fördern. Vergessen wir aber nicht, dass viele der Forderungen der frühen Frau- enbewegung weit entfernt sind von einer adäquaten Umsetzung. Sie blei- ben eine Vision, die inspiriert und antreibt im Sinne einer feministischen Außenpolitik: Abrüstung, Stopp von Rüstungslieferungen und Priorität für Konfliktprävention, gleichberechtigte Teilnahme an den Friedenstischen, ein Verständnis von Sicherheit als umfassende menschliche Sicherheit, die Klimagerechtigkeit, Zugang zu Ressourcen und Schutz der natürlichen Lebensgrundlagen verteidigt gegenüber kapitalistischen wachstums- orientierten Interessen und Ausbeutung. Das nennen wir Grundlagen einer feministischen Wirtschaftspolitik, die Care und Gemeinwohlorientie- rung ins Zentrum rückt. Daran arbeiten wir für die Zukunft. Der Haager Kongress als Treffen der Internationalen Frauenstimm- rechtsbewegung fand 1915 mitten im 1. Weltkrieg statt. 1136 Frauen aus 12 Ländern einigten sich auf die „Internationale Organisation für dauer- haften Frieden“ und verabschiedeten wegweisende Resolutionen, die den Krieg beenden und weitere Kriege verhindern sollten: Die Beteiligung von Frauen an Entscheidungen, Abrüstung und gegen den Nationalismus gerichtete Prinzipien eines zukünftigen Völkerbundes. Eine prominente Frauen delegation konnte auf dieser Grundlage den Krieg zwar nicht stoppen. Aber ihre Forderungen zur Gründung des Völkerbunds flossen in die Vorschläge des amerikanischen Präsidenten Wilson ein. Als im November 1918 der Waffenstillstand verabschiedet wurde, mussten die Frauen auf ihren Plan verzichten, eine Konferenz parallel zu den offiziellen Verhandlungen in Paris/Versailles einzuberufen, und so kam der Kongress 1919 in Zürich zustande. Die Frauen, die sich 1919 in Zürich zum ersten Mal nach dem schreck- lichen Krieg wieder trafen, waren voller Emotionen und suchten Lösungen aus dem Kriegsdesaster für eine friedlichere Zukunft. Sie verlangten 8 eine sofortige Einstellung der Hungerblockade angesichts des enormen Leidens der Zivilbevölkerung, insbesondere der Frauen und Kinder. Sie diskutierten ihre ersten Erfahrungen mit dem Wahlrecht und Gewaltfreiheit in der Erziehung und im Kontext revolutionärer Bewegungen. Universelle Abrüstung und der Völkerbund standen im Zentrum der Forderungen, um dem Nationalismus eine übergeordnete Entscheidungsebene entgegen zu stellen und dem Kriegshandwerk den Boden zu entziehen. Frieden musste die Komponenten von Gerechtigkeit und Freiheit enthalten. So wurde die Organisation in Zürich umbenannt in „Internationale Frauenliga für Frieden und Freiheit“. Diesen Namen trägt sie heute noch. Das hier vorliegende Rollenspiel ist eine Zusammenfassung des offi- ziellen Kongressberichts und konzentriert sich auf Schlüsselbeiträge der Protagonistinnen. Es soll an den Mut und die Ernsthaftigkeit der Diskussi- onen erinnern. Es soll der vorausschauenden Beständigkeit der Analysen und Forderungen Stimmen verleihen und damit eine Inspirationsquelle für Engagement und Aktivismus lokal bis global bilden. Über 50 Friedens- Aktivistinnen in historischen Kostümen spielten den Kongress von 1919 nach, am Original-Schauplatz, dem Hotel Glockenhof.1 Das Re-enactment wurde komplettiert durch 6 Workshops,
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