Orphan Drugs Regulatory Framework, Market Positioning and Major Development Challenges and Strategies
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R&D Briefing 76
The Impact of Recent Regulatory Developments on the Mexican Therapeutic Landscape Access to innovative medicines is key to El acceso a medicamentos innovadores es clave para improving overall population health, reducing mejorar la salud de toda la población, para reducir los hospitalisation time and decreasing morbidity and tiempos de hospitalización, la morbilidad y la mortalidad mortality. An efficient regulatory process can be de un país. Un proceso regulatorio eficiente tiene un reflected in measurable positive health impacts; impacto positivo medible en la salud, y por el contrario, conversely, activities that slow or impede acciones que retrasan o impiden la eficiencia regulatoria y regulatory efficiency and predictability can be su predictibilidad pueden ser perjudiciales. La parálisis detrimental. Recent developments in the Mexican reciente del Sistema regulatorio mexicano respecto a la regulatory system for the assessments of evaluación de nuevos medicamentos innovadores innovative new products have had a negative conlleva un impacto negativo en la salud de la población impact on Mexican public health. mexicana. This Briefing addresses the impact of suspending Este informe analiza el impacto de la suspensión de las the activities of the New Molecules Committee actividades del Comité de Moléculas Nuevas (NMC, por (NMC) on the Mexican therapeutic landscape. sus siglas en inglés) sobre el horizonte terapéutico de First, we compared the way that “new medicines” México. En primer lugar, comparamos la definición de are defined within the context of the Mexican nuevos medicamentos según el contexto regulatorio regulatory system, with definitions used by mexicano con las definiciones adoptadas por otras comparable regulators and health organisations. agencias reguladoras u organizaciones de salud del We have also investigated the extent to which mundo. -
Renal Clinical Pharmacy Services“
DISSERTATION „Renal clinical pharmacy services“ Mag.pharm. Gunar Stemer angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktor der Naturwissenschaften (Dr.rer.nat.) Wien, 2011 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 091 449 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studien- Pharmazie blatt: Betreuerin / Betreuer: Ao. Univ. Prof. Mag. Dr. Rosa Lemmens 2 e pensando di lei mi sopragiunse uno soave sonno ego dominus tuus vide cor tuum e d’esto core ardendo cor tuum lei paventosa umilmente pascea appreso gir io ne vedea piangendo la letizia si convertia in amarissimo pianto io sono in pace cor meum io sono in pace vide cor meum Dante Alighieri La Vita Nuova ~1293 Gewidmet meinen Eltern Annelies und Franz, in aufrichtiger Dankbarkeit und Liebe Dedicated to my parents Annelies and Franz, in sincere gratitude and love 3 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not have been possible without the continuous support, help, and contributions of so many colleagues, companions, friends, and beloved family members. First, I want to express my deepest gratitude to my doctoral advisor, Mrs. Prof. Rosa Lemmens, for her commitment in supervising my thesis work, her support during the writing of this thesis, several constructive discussions with her, and her critical comments. My sincerest thanks are extended to the head of the pharmacy department of the Vienna General Hospital, Mrs. SR Mag. Elfriede Dolinar, for providing me with this unique opportunity to work on the topic of clinical pharmacy and, thus, contribute to the evolution of the complete hospital pharmacy and clinical pharmacy discipline in Austria. I would like to thank her for her trust in my capabilities to succeed in this demanding project over the last three years by implementing new services, her vision regarding the discipline of hospital pharmacy, her overall contribution to the development of the profession of hospital pharmacy, and her continuous belief in the value of clinical pharmacy services. -
Rapport 2008
rapport 2008 Reseptregisteret 2004-2007 The Norwegian Prescription Database 2004-2007 Marit Rønning Christian Lie Berg Kari Furu Irene Litleskare Solveig Sakshaug Hanne Strøm Rapport 2008 Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt/ The Norwegian Institute of Public Health Tittel/Title: Reseptregisteret 2004-2007 The Norwegian Prescription Database 2004-2007 Redaktør/Editor: Marit Rønning Forfattere/Authors: Christian Lie Berg Kari Furu Irene Litleskare Marit Rønning Solveig Sakshaug Hanne Strøm Publisert av/Published by: Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt Postboks 4404 Nydalen NO-0403 Norway Tel: + 47 21 07 70 00 E-mail: [email protected] www.fhi.no Design: Per Kristian Svendsen Layout: Grete Søimer Acknowledgement: Julie D.W. Johansen (English version) Forsideillustrasjon/Front page illustration: Colourbox.com Trykk/Print: Nordberg Trykk AS Opplag/ Number printed: 1200 Bestilling/Order: [email protected] Fax: +47-21 07 81 05 Tel: +47-21 07 82 00 ISSN: 0332-6535 ISBN: 978-82-8082-252-9 trykt utgave/printed version ISBN: 978-82-8082-253-6 elektronisk utgave/electronic version 2 Rapport 2008 • Folkehelseinstituttet Forord Bruken av legemidler i befolkningen er økende. En viktig målsetting for norsk legemiddelpolitikk er rasjonell legemiddelbruk. En forutsetning for arbeidet med å optimalisere legemiddelbruken i befolkningen er kunnskap om hvilke legemidler som brukes, hvem som bruker legemidlene og hvordan de brukes. For å få bedre kunnskap på dette området, vedtok Stortinget i desember 2002 å etablere et nasjonalt reseptbasert legemiddelregister (Reseptregisteret). Oppgaven med å etablere registeret ble gitt til Folkehelseinstituttet som fra 1. januar 2004 har mottatt månedlige opplysninger fra alle apotek om utlevering av legemidler til pasienter, leger og institusjoner. Denne rapporten er første utgave i en planlagt årlig statistikk fra Reseptregisteret. -
New Zealand Data Sheet 1 Avaxim Suspension for Injection 2 Qualitative and Quantitative Composition 3 Pharmaceutical Form 4 Clin
NEW ZEALAND DATA SHEET 1 AVAXIM SUSPENSION FOR INJECTION Hepatitis A virus (inactivated, adsorbed) 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Avaxim is a sterile suspension for injection containing formaldehyde-inactivated hepatitis A virus (GBM strain) adsorbed onto aluminium hydroxide. Each 0.5mL dose contains: Active ingredient: Hepatitis A virus* ………………………………………………160 antigen units** * GBM strain cultured on MRC-5 human diploid cells. MRC-5 is a cell line that was derived from human embryonic lung tissue in the 1960s. ** In the absence of an international standardised reference, the antigen content is expressed using an in-house reference. The manufacture of this product includes exposure to bovine derived materials. No evidence exists that any case of vCJD (considered to be the human form of bovine spongiform encephalopathy) has resulted from the administration of any vaccine product. Contains phenylalanine and residual neomycin. For the full list of excipients, see Section 6.1 List of excipients. 3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Suspension for injection Avaxim is a cloudy, whitish suspension. 4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 THERAPEUTIC INDICATIONS Avaxim is indicated for active immunisation against hepatitis A infection in adults and children 2 years and over. Vaccination against viral hepatitis A is recommended for individuals who are or will be at increased risk of infection: • travellers to areas of moderate or high endemicity for hepatitis A Property of the Sanofi group - strictly confidential ava-ccdsv10-dsv5-24may21 Page 1 • visitors to rural and remote indigenous communities • child day-care and pre-school personnel • the intellectually disabled and their carers • health care providers • sewerage workers • men who have sex with men • injecting drug users • patients with chronic liver disease • haemophiliacs who may receive pooled plasma concentrates 4.2 DOSE AND METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION The dose is 0.5 mL for each injection. -
Summary of Product Characteristics
Health Products Regulatory Authority Summary of Product Characteristics 1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Etoposide ”Ebewe ” 20 mg/ml – Concentrate for solution for infusion 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION 1 ml of concentrate for solution for infusion contains 20 mg of etoposide. 1, 5, or 10 vials of 2.5 ml concentrate for solution for infusion contains 50 mg etoposide. 1, 5, or 10 vials of 5 ml concentrate for solution for infusion contains 100 mg etoposide. 1, 5, or 10 vials of 10 ml concentrate for solution for infusion contains 200 mg etoposide. 1, 5, or 10 vials of 20 ml concentrate for solution for infusion contains 400 mg etoposide. 1, 5, or 10 vials of 50 ml concentrate for solution for infusion contains 1000 mg etoposide. Excipients: Benzyl alcohol, ethanol. For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Concentrate for solution for infusion. Clear, light yellow solution. 4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic Indications Etoposide is a antineoplastic agent for intravenous use. It can be used alone or in combination with other oncolytic agents. Available data show that etoposide may be used in treatment of small -celled lung cancer, resistant non -seminomatous testicular carcinoma, acute myelomonocytic and myelocytic leukaemia (AML, FAB subtype M4 or M5) as part of combination therapy after failure of induction chemotherapy. 4.2 Posology and method of administration Etoposide should be administered only by or under the direct supervision of a qualified physician who is experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Pregnant personnel should not handle chemotherapeutic agents. -
Elif Fatma Sen BW.Indd
Use and Safety of Respiratory Medicines in Children E. F. Şen EEliflif FFatmaatma SSenen BBW.inddW.indd 1 003-01-113-01-11 115:175:17 The work presented in this thesis was conducted at the Department of Medical Informatics of the Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam. The research reported in thesis was funded by the European Community’s 6th Framework Programme. Project number LSHB-CT-2005-005216: TEDDY: Task force in Europe for Drug Development for the Young. The contributions of the participating primary care physicians in the IPCI, Pedianet and IMS-DA project are greatly acknowledged. Financial support for printing this thesis was kindly provided by the department of Medical Informatics – Integrated Primary Care Information (IPCI) project of the Erasmus University Medi- cal Center; and by the J.E. Jurriaanse Stichting in Rotterdam. Cover: Optima Grafi sche Communicatie Printed by: Optima Grafi sche Communicatie Elif Fatma Şen Use and Safety of Respiratory medicines in Children ISBN: 978-94-6169-003-6 © E.F. Şen, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 2011. All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the holder of the copyright. EEliflif FFatmaatma SSenen BBW.inddW.indd 2 003-01-113-01-11 115:175:17 Use and Safety of Respiratory Medicines in Children Het gebruik en de bijwerkingen van respiratoire medicijnen in kinderen Proefschrift Ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam op gezag van de rector magnifi cus Prof.dr. -
Safety and Efficacy of Antiviral Therapy for Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Reactivation in Immunocompetent Critically Ill Patien
1 2 3 PROJECT TITLE 4 Anti-viral Prophylaxis for Prevention of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Reactivation in Immunocompetent 5 Patients in Critical Care 6 7 STUDY ACRONYM 8 Cytomegalovirus Control in Critical Care - CCCC 9 10 APPLICANTS 11 Dr Nicholas Cowley 12 Specialty Registrar Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Intensive Care Research Fellow 13 Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham 14 15 Professor Paul Moss 16 Professor of Haematology 17 Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham 18 19 Professor Julian Bion 20 Professor of Intensive Care Medicine 21 Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham 22 23 Trial Virologist Trial Statistician 24 Dr H Osman Dr P G Nightingale 25 Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham University of Birmingham CCCC CMV Protocol V1.7, 18th September 2013 1 Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/23/2021 26 CONTENTS 27 Substantial Amendment Sept 18th 2013 4 28 1 SUMMARY OF TRIAL DESIGN .......................................................................................................... 5 29 2 QEHB ICU Duration of Patient Stay ................................................................................................. 6 30 3 SCHEMA - QEHB PATIENT NUMBERS AVAILABLE FOR RECRUITMENT ........................................... 6 31 4 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 7 32 4.1 CMV latent infection is widespread ........................................................................................ 7 33 4.2 CMV Reactivation -
ORG Medicamentos Alto Impacto Econo Mico Maquetaciûn 1
Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR 2020 [first on line] / ORIGINAL / 1 Medicamentos de alto impacto económico y sanitario en la prestación farmacéutica hospitalaria FORTES-GONZÁLEZ MS, VAZQUEZ-BLANCO S, HERRERO-POCH L, DE MIGUEL-BOUZAS JC, CASTRO-DOMÍNGUEZ JM, VILLAMAYOR-BLANCO L Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Hospital Povisa. Vigo (España) Fecha de recepción: 19/10/2020 - Fecha de aceptación: 24/11/2020 RESUMEN los MAC fueron innovadores, 26,5% huérfanos y 34,0% Objetivos: Los medicamentos de alto impacto económico biológicos. Dieciséis medicamentos tuvieron un coste (MAIE) constituyen un reto para los servicios de salud pú- >10.000 €/envase. Los MEC pertenecieron principalmente blicos de los países europeos. Sin embargo, no existe con- al grupo L (45,0%) y J (35,0%). El PVL medio diario de los senso sobre qué constituye un MAIE. El objetivo del estudio MEC fue 154,4 € (1,1-1.629,3). El 35,5% fueron innova- fue configurar una lista de MAIE dispensados por los servi- dores, 5,0% huérfanos y 60,0% biológicos. cios de farmacia hospitalarios y analizar la situación respecto Conclusiones: Un elevado número de MAIE son dispensados a estos fármacos en España. por los servicios de farmacia hospitalarios, principalmente Métodos: Se consideraron MAIE aquellos fármacos con un antineoplásicos y antiinfecciosos. Aunque el PVL mínimo coste >10.000 €/año (MAC) o con un elevado volumen de diario para considerar un medicamento de alto impacto es consumo (MEC). Se estimaron los precios (PVL) por dosis 27,4 €, el PVL medio diario de los MAC fue >200 €. Sin diaria definida o dosis diaria prescrita. embargo, el elevado consumo de algunos fármacos, hace Resultados: Un total de 147 principios activos fueron consi- que medicamentos con un coste tan bajo como 1,1 € pue- derados MAC, correspondiendo mayoritariamente con los dan ser considerados MAIE. -
Caspofungin II-02
ANNEX I ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Caspofungin MSD 50 mg Powder for concentrate for solution for infusion 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each vial contains 50 mg Caspofungin equivalent to 55.5 mg caspofungin acetate. For excipients, see 6.1. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Powder for concentrate for solution for infusion. The vial contains a white to off-white compact, lyophilised powder. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications · Treatment of invasive candidiasis in non-neutropaenic adult patients. · Treatment of invasive aspergillosis in adult patients who are refractory to or intolerant of amphotericin B, lipid formulations of amphotericin B and/or itraconazole. Refractoriness is defined as progression of infection or failure to improve after a minimum of 7 days of prior therapeutic doses of effective antifungal therapy. 4.2 Posology and method of administration Caspofungin MSD should be initiated by a physician experienced in the management of invasive fungal infections. After reconstitution and dilution, the solution should be administered by slow intravenous infusion over approximately 1 hour. Do not mix or co-infuse Caspofungin MSD with other medicines, as there are no data available on the compatibility of Caspofungin MSD with other intravenous substances, additives, or medicinal products. DO NOT USE DILUENTS CONTAINING GLUCOSE, as Caspofungin MSD is not stable in diluents containing glucose. For reconstitution directions see section 6.6. Both 70 mg and 50 mg vials are available. Invasive Candidiasis or Invasive Aspergillosis: A single 70-mg loading dose should be administered on Day-1, followed by 50 mg daily thereafter. -
1 SUMMARY of PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME of the MEDICINAL PRODUCT ANCOTIL 500 Mg, Tablet 2. QUALITATIVE and QUANTITATIVE
Flucytosine 500 mg Tablets WHOPAR part 4 March 2018 2014 (MEDA Pharma, France) HA693 Suppliers submission of the SRA approved text SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT ANCOTIL 500 mg, tablet 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Flucytosine 500 mg Per tablet. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Tablet. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1. Therapeutic indications Severe systemic fungal infections with susceptible pathogens, as an alternative or when switching from parenteral use, particularly: candidiasis, cryptococcosis, chromoblastomycosis and certain forms of aspergillosis. Combination with another antifungal agent: Flucytosine must be used in combination, in order to avoid as much as possible the selection of resistant mutations, especially in the treatment of candidiasis and cryptococcosis. Combination with amphotericin B is often synergistic and never antagonistic. 4.2. Posology and method of administration Oral use. Posology Dosages range from 100 to 200 mg/kg per day, depending on the nature of the infection, its site and sensitivity of the causative agent. The daily dosage must be divided into 3 or 4 oral doses. USE IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL IMPAIRMENT Doses must be administered at longer intervals, according to the following dosing regimen: CREATININE CLEARANCE SINGLE DOSE INTERVAL ≥ 40 mL/min 25 to 50 mg/kg 6 hours 20≤Cl<40 mL/min 25 to 50 mg/kg 12 hours 10≤Cl<20 mL/min 25 to 50 mg/kg 24 hours Cl < 10 mL/min Single dose of 25 mg/kg, then plasma monitoring 12 hours after the initial dose, before repeating the dose. PATIENTS ON DIALYSIS Since flucytosine is dialysable, the dose of this medicinal product must be repeated after each blood‐cleansing session. -
ORG Medicamentos Alto Impacto Econo Mico Maquetaciûn 1
Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR 2020 [first on line] / ORIGINAL / 1 Medicamentos de alto impacto económico y sanitario en la prestación farmacéutica hospitalaria FORTES-GONZÁLEZ MS, VAZQUEZ-BLANCO S, HERRERO-POCH L, DE MIGUEL-BOUZAS JC, CASTRO-DOMÍNGUEZ JM, VILLAMAYOR-BLANCO L Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Hospital Povisa. Vigo (España) Fecha de recepción: 19/10/2020 - Fecha de aceptación: 24/11/2020 RESUMEN los MAC fueron innovadores, 26,5% huérfanos y 34,0% Objetivos: Los medicamentos de alto impacto económico biológicos. Dieciséis medicamentos tuvieron un coste (MAIE) constituyen un reto para los servicios de salud pú- >10.000 €/envase. Los MEC pertenecieron principalmente blicos de los países europeos. Sin embargo, no existe con- al grupo L (45,0%) y J (35,0%). El PVL medio diario de los senso sobre qué constituye un MAIE. El objetivo del estudio MEC fue 154,4 € (1,1-1.629,3). El 35,5% fueron innova- fue configurar una lista de MAIE dispensados por los servi- dores, 5,0% huérfanos y 60,0% biológicos. cios de farmacia hospitalarios y analizar la situación respecto Conclusiones: Un elevado número de MAIE son dispensados a estos fármacos en España. por los servicios de farmacia hospitalarios, principalmente Métodos: Se consideraron MAIE aquellos fármacos con un antineoplásicos y antiinfecciosos. Aunque el PVL mínimo coste >10.000 €/año (MAC) o con un elevado volumen de diario para considerar un medicamento de alto impacto es consumo (MEC). Se estimaron los precios (PVL) por dosis 27,4 €, el PVL medio diario de los MAC fue >200 €. Sin diaria definida o dosis diaria prescrita. embargo, el elevado consumo de algunos fármacos, hace Resultados: Un total de 147 principios activos fueron consi- que medicamentos con un coste tan bajo como 1,1 € pue- derados MAC, correspondiendo mayoritariamente con los dan ser considerados MAIE. -
International Price Comparison of Pharmaceuticals 2017
International price comparison of pharmaceuticals 2017 – a volume based analysis of Swedish pharmaceutical prices and volumes relative to 19 other European coun- tries. 2 (101) You are welcome to quote Dental and Pharmaceutical Benefits Agency reports, but please remember to cite the source: the report’s name, year and Dental and Phar- maceutical Benefits Agency. Dental and Pharmaceutical Benefits Agency, February 2018 Authors: Emil Aho, Pontus Johansson and Gunilla Rönnholm. Reference number: 3611/2017 Postal address: Box 22520, 104 22 Stockholm Visiting address: Fleminggatan 18, Stockholm Telephone: +46 8 568 420 50 www.tlv.se 3 (101) Preface The Dental and Pharmaceutical Benefits Agency’s (TLV’s) mandate includes moni- toring and analysing the price development of pharmaceuticals from an interna- tional perspective. In this report, TLV presents the results of the analysis of price and volume data for the first quarter of 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 in Sweden in comparison with 19 other European countries. The segments analysed are pharmaceuticals not exposed to competition and pharmaceuticals exposed to competition, with the latter includ- ing all pharmaceuticals available as substitutable medicines in the product-of-the- month system as per March 2017. The report should be viewed as a basis for further analysis of the dynamics of Swe- dish prices and price changes compared to that seen internationally. Sofia Wallström Director-General 4 (101) 5 (101) Table of contents Preface ..................................................................................................................