Identification and Control of Non-Native Invasive Plants in East Central Florida
For Homeowners & Professionals Notes Introduction This guide is intended to assist Brevard County residents, employees, and professionals to identify and control non-native invasive plant species found in upland sites. What is a non-native plant? A native plant is a species that was here when Europeans began to explore and settle the New World. Non-native plants are those species that have been brought here from other parts of the world since that time. What is an invasive plant? An invasive plant is a species that will invade an undisturbed natural area and displace native species. Invasive plants are often more aggressive in disturbed areas, like roadsides. Non-native invasive plants are also commonly called exotic plants, invasive exotic plants, noxious weeds, and more. Note: This guide includes only the plants from other parts of the world that are most invasive in Brevard County’s natural areas, displacing native species and degrading the environment for native plants and wildlife. About the descriptions: The header of the plant description pages has the English name(s), the scientific name in italics, and in parentheses the scientific name of the family. Photographs of the plants are on the page opposite the plant descriptions. If the captions refer to more than one object, they will refer to the objects from left to right. The coins in the photographs are always quarters. The diameter of a quarter is 15/16”, roughly an inch.
111 Credits
Funding of this brochure has been made possible by an award from the National Oceanic and Atmo- spheric Administration’s Coastal Impact Assistance Program. Created By: Brevard County Natural Resources Management Office (BCNRMO) Primary Author & Photographer: James Tear Contributors: Kari Ruder, Suzanne Kennedy, Susan Gosselin, Chris Koeppel, Gayle Hoffman - BCNRMO. Karen Weichman and Carol Hebert - Conradina Chapter, Florida Native Plant Society. Graphic design - Trese Printing and James Tear. Editing: Kari Ruder, Deb Coles, Susan Gosselin, Chris Koeppel, Raleigh Berry - BCNRMO
References
Brevard County Environmentally Endangered Lands Program. 2004. Exotic Plant Herbicide Protocol. Unpublished.
Higgins, Angela. 2005. The power of partnerships - island style. Wildland Weeds, p. 11-14, Spring.
Langeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. 1998. Identification and Biology of Non-Native Plants in Florida’s Natural Areas. University of Florida, Gainesville.
Langeland, K.A. and R.K. Stocker. 2000. Control of Non-native Plants in Natural Areas of Florida. SP 242. University of Florida, Gainesville.
Tu, M., Hurd, C., and J. M. Randall. 2001. Weed Control Methods Handbook. The Nature Conservancy. http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu. 222 Purpose Increase awareness of the adverse effects of non-native invasive plants on Brevard’s biodiversity and ecosystems Provide a tool for residents and land managers to use to identify and effectively control non-native invasive plants Encourage public participation in the removal of non-native invasive plants Reduce the habitat losses from non-native invasive plant infestations Reduce the impacts on endangered species via habitat loss and alteration Demonstrate the need to prevent habitat losses through pest-plant management Highlight the socio-economic and adverse health impacts of these plants (e.g., increased wildfires in Melaleuca areas) Provide information that helps managers set priorities for control programs
This field guide is also available on Brevard County’s website: http://www.brevardcounty.us/natres/ publications.cfm 333 About Toxicity and Allergies Many plants contained within this guide produce toxins and result in allergic conditions when handled, cut, burned, or harvested. Gloves and Personal Protective Gear (e.g., long-sleeve shirts, glasses, hats) are strongly recommended when handling any plant material, especially of unknown origin. Cases of people being sensitized, or having an increasing allergic response to particular plants, and their components (leaves, bark, odor, toxins, sap) have been documented. Helpful Links
Additional and more detailed information can be found on the following websites or by contacting the organizations directly.
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services - http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/botany/ noxweed.html
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Invasive Plant Management - http://www.dep.state.fl.us/lands/invaspec/
Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council - www.fleppc.org
Invasive and Exotic Species - http://www.invasives.org
National Wildlife Federation - http://enature.com/native_invasive/
The Nature Conservancy - http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/
University of Florida IFAS, Center For Aquatic and Invasive Plants - http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/
444 Contents
Page ...... Title 1 ...... Introduction 2 ...... Credits & References 3 ...... Purpose 4 ...... About Toxicity & Links 5 ...... Contents 6-7 ...... Plant List 7 ...... Glossary of Terms 8-57 ...... Species Accounts 58 ...... Plants to Watch For 59-61 ...... Control Methods 62-65 ...... Plant Replacements
Guide printed July 2006
Please note::: This guide does not include non- native invasive aquatic plants. For information on invasive aquatic plants, please visit:
Plant Management in Florida Waters http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/guide/ or http://www.dep.state.fl.us/lands/invaspec/ 2ndlevpgs/Aquaticplnts.htm
555 Plant ListListPlant
8 8 Air Potato (& Winged Yam) 10 Australian-Pine 12 Beach Naupaka 14 Brazilian Pepper 16 Camphortree 18 Carrotwood 20 Castorbean 22 Chinaberry 24 Chinese Tallowtree 26 Cogon Grass 38 Coral Ardisia 30 Creeping Oxeye 32 Downy Rosemyrtle 34 Japanese Climbing Fern 36 Kudzu 38 Leadtree 40 Melaleuca 42 Mexican Petunia 444444 Old World Climbing Fern 464646 Rosary Pea 484848 Schefflera 505050 Simpleleaf Chastetree
666 Plant ListListPlant
52 Surinam Cherry 54 Tropical Soda Apple 56 Woman’s Tongue
Glossary of Terms
Leaf Arrangement: simplesimplesimple - a single leaf, such as a maple compoundcompoundcompound - multiple leaflets on one leaf, such as a hickory or bean twice compound - leaflets on a compound leaf divided into more leaflets alternatealternatealternate - one leaf per node This is a caption for the above photo. oppositeoppositeopposite - two leaves per node
Flower Anatomy: carpelcarpelcarpel - The ovule-bearing (seed-bearing) unit of the flower stamensstamensstamens - male organ of the flower, consisting of an anther and filament stigmastigmastigma - The upper part of the carpel that is receptive to pollen stylesstylesstyles - The more or less elongated part of the carpel between the ovary and stigma
777 Air Potato
Dioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae) Growth form Twining vine without tendrils
LeavesLeavesLeaves Large heart-shaped leaves may be more than 8" long; simple, alternate
FlowersFlowersFlowers Rarely flowers in Florida; greenish yellow flowers in hanging clusters
FloweringFloweringFlowering May - September seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Rare in Florida
Aerial tubers Light brown, up to 6” across; grow along the vines near the leaf stalks; resemble potatoes with many small bumps; found on the ground under the vines year round
HabitatHabitatHabitat Hardwood forests, pinelands, wetlands, disturbed sites, residential areas (where they are often confused with Kudzu vines)
ThreatThreatThreat Grows rapidly, smothers trees, and invades disturbed sites, pinelands and hammocks
OriginOriginOrigin Tropical Asia
Distributed by Aerial tubers are carried long distances in flowing water
ToxicityToxicityToxicity Aerial and underground tubers may be poisonous when raw
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies No information found
888 Air Potato
Simple leaves
Vines twining around each other
Aerial tuber
Winged Yam Dioscorea alata (Dioscoreaceae) Winged Yam is very similar to Air Potato but has larger, more frequent underground tubers, longer and less round shaped aerial tubers, and opposite leaves. The cross section of its stem has purple tinged “wings.” Fruit is a 3-parted capsule and the seeds are also winged. Winged Yam is currently not as common in Brevard County as Air Potato, but is still an invasive plant where it does occur.
999 Australian-Pine (three species included)
Casuarina spp. (Casuarinaceae)
Growth form Tree up to 150 feet tall; resembles a pine but is not closely related
LeavesLeavesLeaves Scale like, almost microscopic around the joints of the “needles”; “needles” are actually branches 4-8” long; “needles” pull apart at the joints
FlowersFlowersFlowers Inconspicuous
FloweringFloweringFlowering One species, fall, winter; other two seasonseasonseason species, spring
FruitsFruitsFruits Resemble small, woody pine cones, about 1/2” across. Numerous small seeds in spring
HabitatHabitatHabitat Dunes, beaches, pinelands, dis- turbed sites; planted as windbreaks
ThreatThreatThreat Highly invasive in many disturbed and natural habitats; grows 5-10 feet per year; forms thick stands that crowd out native species; displaces native vegetation on dunes leading to significant dune erosion during storms; disrupts sea turtle nesting
OriginOriginOrigin Tropical Asia, Indonesia, Australia
Distributed by Wind, birds, water, spreading roots
ToxicityToxicityToxicity No information found
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies Large quantities of pollen may cause respiratory problems
101010 Australian-Pine
“”Needles” & “cones”
Several Australian-Pines closeup of cones
The ground is barren under this stand of Australian-Pines
111111 Beach Naupaka, Half-Flower
Scaevola taccada (Goodeniaceae)
Growth form Shrub to 16 feet forming rounded mounds
LeavesLeavesLeaves Simple, alternate, close together, thick, somewhat succulent, wider near tips, 8” long, edges rolled under, hairy near stem
FlowersFlowersFlowers White w/lavender stripes, 5 petals all in the lower half, fanlike
FloweringFloweringFlowering All year seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits White to yellowish white, roundish, 1/2” across, fleshy
HabitatHabitatHabitat Many coastal habitats including dunes
ThreatThreatThreat Displaces coastal plants including some rare species
OriginOriginOrigin Indian & Pacific Ocean region
Distributed by Water, birds, ghost crabs, raccoons
ToxicityToxicityToxicity No information found
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies No information found
121212 Beach Naupaka, Half-Flower
Beach Naupaka growing over a sand dune at the beach
Ends of several branches
Fruits 131313 Brazilian Pepper
Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae)
Growth form Tree or tall shrub with dense evergreen foliage to 40 feet tall
TrunkTrunkTrunk Branches profusely 1-2 feet above the ground
LeavesLeavesLeaves Shiny, alternate, compound with 7-9 elliptical leaflets; leaflet edges may or may not have teeth; leaflets are 1-2” long and smell of turpentine when crushed; leaves have a reddish midrib
FlowersFlowersFlowers Small, inconspicuous with cream- colored petals
FloweringFloweringFlowering Spring, summer seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Female plants have numerous small, round green berries that become glossy red in bunches near the ends of branches (especially conspicuous in December), 3/16” diameter
HabitatHabitatHabitat Invades all types of natural areas and disturbed areas especially moist sites
ThreatThreatThreat Forms dense stands excluding all other species including desirable natives
OriginOriginOrigin Tropical America
Distributed by Birds, small mammals, people, and water
ToxicityToxicityToxicity Fruit and sap poisonous
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies Exposure to sap, pollen or berries may cause a rash Brazilian Pepper
A small (8 feet) Brazilian Pepper along a fence
Compound leaf with 7 leaflets
Mature fruits
151515 Camphortree
Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae)
Growth form Tree to 65 feet
TwigsTwigsTwigs Green or reddish green
LeavesLeavesLeaves Evergreen, shiny green on upper surface, simple, alternate, up to 4” long and 2” wide; smell like camphor when crushed
FlowersFlowersFlowers Small greenish-white to cream in clusters, 6 petals
FloweringFloweringFlowering Spring seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Similar to small black cherries, 1-seeded
HabitatHabitatHabitat Dry disturbed and undisturbed areas, disturbed hammocks, and edges of wetlands
ThreatThreatThreat Invading forests and displacing native trees
OriginOriginOrigin Asia
Distributed by Birds
ToxicityToxicityToxicity Toxic in larger quantities to people & wildlife
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies Pollen may cause allergic reaction if enough trees grow in an area
161616 Camphortree
Camphortree
Young leaf & old leaf
Flowers
Fruit
171717 Carrotwood
Cupaniopsis anacardioides (Sapindaceae)
Growth form Tree to 35 feet or a shrub
BarkBarkBark Dark gray outer bark, orange inner bark
LeavesLeavesLeaves Evergreen, alternate, compound 10-12” long, usually has an even number of leaflets (4-12) up to 8” long, leathery and shiny yellowish green, midrib is lighter
FlowersFlowersFlowers Numerous inconspicuous, white to greenish yellow, up to 1/2” wide, 5 petals, clusters up to 14” long
FloweringFloweringFlowering Midwinter, spring, summer seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Woody up to 1” across, 3 ridges, yellow-orange to brown; splits open exposing 3 shiny oval red seeds maturing to black
HabitatHabitatHabitat Disturbed and undisturbed, wet and dry, spoil islands in the Indian River
ThreatThreatThreat Shades out native plants, especially in low moist areas; a serious pest to mangroves
OriginOriginOrigin Australia
Distributed by Birds and self seeding
ToxicityToxicityToxicity No information found
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies No information found
181818 Carrotwood
Branches with fruits
Compound leaf with 10 leaflets
Three fruits
Fruit cluster
Open fruit revealing 2 seeds. One seed has fallen. 191919 Castorbean
Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae)
Growth form Small tree or shrub to 30 feet
StemsStemsStems Hollow, reddish
LeavesLeavesLeaves Simple, alternate to 12” across with 8 large pointed lobes
FlowersFlowersFlowers Female flowers are small, delicate with long slender scarlet styles growing from a prickly green pod
FloweringFloweringFlowering Summer - fall seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Prickly green pod turning brown, 3 flat seeds in each pod
HabitatHabitatHabitat Disturbed areas
ThreatThreatThreat Large colonies crowd out other plants
OriginOriginOrigin Tropical Africa
Distributed by Exploding ripe seedpods
ToxicityToxicityToxicity The entire plant is toxic
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies Produces large amounts of airborne pollen than may cause severe allergic reaction
202020 Castorbean
Simple leaf with large pointed lobes
Female flowers and immature fruits
Mature fruits
212121 Chinaberry
Melia azedarach (Meliaceae)
Growth form Deciduous tree to 50 feet
LeavesLeavesLeaves Alternate, 2-3 times compound, 1.5 feet long, leaflets pungent when crushed, leaflets appear lacy
FlowersFlowersFlowers Small, fragrant, 5 slender lavender petals w/dark purple central tube; in large clusters
FloweringFloweringFlowering March - May seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Yellow, round, thinly fleshy, single seed, ripen in late summer
HabitatHabitatHabitat Disturbed sites plus wet and dry natural areas
ThreatThreatThreat Forms thickets shading out native plants
OriginOriginOrigin Asia
Distributed by Birds, seed drop & root suckers
ToxicityToxicityToxicity All plant parts potentially toxic. Contains a neurotoxin which causes seizures and shock
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies None found
222222 Chinaberry
Compound leaf with twice compound leaflets
Flower cluster
Flower details
Fruits
232323 Chinese Tallowtree, Popcorn Tree
Sapium sebiferum (Euphorbiaceae)))
Growth form Deciduous tree to 52 feet tall
LeavesLeavesLeaves Simple, alternate up to 2.5” wide; round bases, pointed tips
FlowersFlowersFlowers Small, yellow in spikes up to 8” long; male flowers lack petals
FloweringFloweringFlowering Spring seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Three lobes about 1/2” across, turn brown and split open revealing 3 seeds with a white waxy coating (the popcorn) which later turn black; August to November
HabitatHabitatHabitat Wet and dry, disturbed and undis- turbed; landscaping
ThreatThreatThreat Can invade closed-canopy forests, from swampy areas to slightly saline waters and from sun to shade; leaves produce chemicals that make the soil uninhabitable to natives
OriginOriginOrigin China, Japan
Distributed by Suckering, birds, & moving water
ToxicityToxicityToxicity All plant parts potentially toxic
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies Sap and leaves may cause skin rash; pollen may cause allergic reaction
Imported by Benjamin Franklin in 1776 to make candles and soap
242424 Chinese Tallowtree, Popcorn Tree
Chinese Tallowtree
Simple leaf
Flower cluster
Fruits in “popcorn” stage Mature seeds 252525 Cogongrass
Imperata cylindrica (Poaceae)
Growth form Perennial grass to 5 feet tall with extensive rhizomes
LeavesLeavesLeaves Midvein off-center; hairy at the base; edges are rough; lime-green, turning reddish-tan
FlowersFlowersFlowers White silky plumes up to 8” tall
FloweringFloweringFlowering Winter, spring, perhaps all year seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Small slender tan seeds with long white hairs; resemble dandelion fruits
HabitatHabitatHabitat Dry to moist, disturbed and undisturbed areas
ThreatThreatThreat Fast growing; grows in thick mats that crowd out native plants; produces chemicals that limit the growth of other plants
OriginOriginOrigin Southeast Asia, China, Japan
Distributed by Wind, creeping rhizomes, and pigs
ToxicityToxicityToxicity No information found
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies No information found
262626 Cogongrass
Stand of Cogongrass with mature seed heads
Leaf blade with the off-center midvein
Mature seed head waiting for a good breeze to disperse the seeds
272727 Coral Ardisia
Ardisia crenata (Myrsinaceae) Growth form Small evergreen shrubs to 6 feet tall, growing in clumps
LeavesLeavesLeaves Alternate to 8” long; dark green waxy above, lighter below; scalloped edges
FlowersFlowersFlowers White to pink in clusters hanging below the leaves
FloweringFloweringFlowering Spring seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Red or white in clusters hanging below the leaves with a single seed, 5/16” across
HabitatHabitatHabitat Moist hammocks
ThreatThreatThreat Crowds out and shades out native species; reaches a density over 9 plants per square foot
OriginOriginOrigin Japan, southern Asia
Distributed by No information found
ToxicityToxicityToxicity No information found
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies No information found
282828 Coral Ardisia
Leaves and fruits
Leaf from above
Leaves from below; fruits hang beneath leaves
292929 Creeping Oxeye, Wedelia
Sphagneticola trilobata (Asteraceae) Growth form Mat-forming evergreen perennial herb
StemsStemsStems Hairy
LeavesLeavesLeaves Simple, opposite, 1.5-3.5” long with two side teeth
FlowersFlowersFlowers Yellow, similar to a daisy
FloweringFloweringFlowering All year seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Small, dry with one seed
HabitatHabitatHabitat Moist, disturbed sites, landscaping
ThreatThreatThreat Forms thick mats that overwhelm native herbs
OriginOriginOrigin West Indies, tropical America, Central America
Distributed by Rhizomes, people
ToxicityToxicityToxicity No information found
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies May cause a skin rash
303030 Creeping Oxeye, Wedelia
Flower head from above
Flower head from below
Leaf from above
Stem & opposite leaves from below
313131 Downy Rosemyrtle
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Myrtaceae)
Growth form Shrub to 6 feet tall
StemsStemsStems Short soft hairs on young stems
LeavesLeavesLeaves Evergreen, opposite, simple up to 3” long, glossy green above, 3 large veins
FlowersFlowersFlowers Rose-pink, up to 1” across, hairy, 5 petals, 5 sepals, many stamens, 1 long, erect female part
FloweringFloweringFlowering Spring seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Dark purple, round, 1/2” across, resemble blueberries
HabitatHabitatHabitat Pinelands, flatwoods
ThreatThreatThreat Crowds out native species resulting in thickets with no other species; could become worse than Brazilian pepper
OriginOriginOrigin India, China, Philippines, Australia
Distributed by Seed drop, birds and mammals
ToxicityToxicityToxicity No information found
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies No information found
323232 Downy Rosemyrtle
Branches and flowers
Opposite leaves from below and above
Flower
Flowers from above and below
Fruits 333333 Japanese Climbing Fern
Lygodium japonicum (Schizaeaceae) Growth form A true fern with a twining vine habit with creeping rhizomes; very similar to Old World climbing fern
LeavesLeavesLeaves Compound, leaflets on the sterile fronds are larger and more divided than those of Old World climbing fern; appears lacy; stems near the leaflets are flattened
FlowersFlowersFlowers None, sori on the edges of the fertile fronds produce spores
SporesSporesSpores All year producedproducedproduced
FruitsFruitsFruits None, produces spores instead
HabitatHabitatHabitat Disturbed & undisturbed wet areas and pine flatwoods
ThreatThreatThreat Invades many natural habitats; thick mats smother trees, shrubs and entire forests
OriginOriginOrigin Eastern Asia
Distributed by Wind, animals, clothes, and equipment
ToxicityToxicityToxicity No information found
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies Somewhat allergenic
343434 Japanese Climbing Fern
Leaflets from sterile frond from above
Leaflets from fertile frond viewed from above with sori just below edges
353535 KudzuKudzuKudzu
Pueraria montana (Fabaceae) Growth form Deciduous twining woody vine; dies back to the ground in the winter
LeavesLeavesLeaves Compound with 3 leaflets each up to 5” long; the end leaflet is symmetrical with 2 side lobes; the side leaflets are asymmetrical with 1 side lobe each
FlowersFlowersFlowers Fragrant reddish-purple flowers with yellow centers; look like pea flowers; grow in clusters up to 7” tall; initially pink but darken as flowers age
FloweringFloweringFlowering June - September seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Tan clustered fruits with stiff golden hairs; like large pea pods; up to 3” long and 1/2” wide
HabitatHabitatHabitat Disturbed areas; edges of hammocks; along streams
ThreatThreatThreat Blankets trees, shrubs and the ground cutting out all sunlight
OriginOriginOrigin Asia
Distributed by Wind, birds, animals, and water
ToxicityToxicityToxicity No information found
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies No information found
363636 KudzuKudzuKudzu
Compound leaf with 3 leaflets
Compound leaves
Flower cluster
373737 LeadtreeLeadtreeLeadtree
Leucaena leucocephala (Fabaceae) Growth form Small tree to 30 feet tall
TrunkTrunkTrunk Distinct white dots on the bark; no thorns
LeavesLeavesLeaves Twice compound, numerous leaflets 1/2” long
FlowersFlowersFlowers White to yellowish, round clusters like puff balls
FloweringFloweringFlowering Spring-summer seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Long flat reddish brown pods, several hanging together like fingers, about 5” long
HabitatHabitatHabitat Hammocks, coastal strand, disturbed areas
ThreatThreatThreat Invades poor soils, and reduces or eliminates the nesting opportunities provided by native habitats
OriginOriginOrigin West Indies
Distributed by Seed drop
ToxicityToxicityToxicity All parts contain a substance that is highly toxic to animals
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies No information found
383838 LeadtreeLeadtreeLeadtree
Sapling showing twice compound leaves
A withering flower cluster and a fresh flower cluster
Fruits
393939 Melaleuca, Paperbark Tree, Punktree
Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae)
Growth form Tree to 100 feet
BarkBarkBark Multilayered, spongy, papery, peeling; whitish
LeavesLeavesLeaves Simple, evergreen; look like willow leaves; up to 4” long and 3/4” wide; smell of camphor when crushed; often 5 conspicuous parallel veins
FlowersFlowersFlowers Fuzzy, white flowers grow in erect bottle brush spikes up to 6” long
FloweringFloweringFlowering All year seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Small, round fruits; tightly clustered around the twigs; each fruit produces many tiny brown seeds
HabitatHabitatHabitat Disturbed & undisturbed freshwater sites; landscaping
ThreatThreatThreat Aggressively invades wetlands, displacing native vegetation and degrading wildlife habitat
OriginOriginOrigin Australia, Melanesia
Distributed by Wind, fire and root sprouts
ToxicityToxicityToxicity Sap may cause a skin rash
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies May cause allergic reaction
404040 Melaleuca, Paperbark Tree, Punktree
Three trees with shaggy bark
Flower cluster
Simple leaves and fruits clustered around twig
414141 Mexican Petunia or Mexican Bluebell
Ruellia tweediana (Acanthaceae)
Growth form Perennial herb (a non-woody plant that lives more than 2 years), 4-6 feet tall; stems purple in cultivars
LeavesLeavesLeaves Opposite; shaped like willow leaves; 4-6” long; purple in cultivars, green in wild form
FlowersFlowersFlowers Blue in wild form; cultivated varieties may have white, pink, red, purple, or blue flowers; tubular with widely flaring rim; prolific
FloweringFloweringFlowering Spring - fall, most of the year seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Long, brown, crunchy pods
HabitatHabitatHabitat Wet, disturbed sites, landscaping, drainage ditches, shores of lakes and ponds, moist & wet wooded sites
ThreatThreatThreat Spreads very rapidly, difficult to eradicate, forms dense colonies in wet or marshy areas
OriginOriginOrigin Central Mexico, Central & South America
Distributed by Self seeding, vegetatively from clippings and runners
ToxicityToxicityToxicity No information found
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies No information found
424242 Mexican Petunia or Mexican Bluebell
The plants have many flowers
Flower from the side
Flowers from the front
Leaves: from above, from below
434343 Old World Climbing Fern
Lygodium microphyllum (Schizaeaceae)
Growth form A true fern that reproduces by spores, not flowers; twining vine that grows up trees and over shrubs
LeavesLeavesLeaves Compound; stems near the leaflets are round; fertile fronds have small bumps along the lower edges of the leaflets; these are spore cases; infertile fronds lack spore cases
FlowersFlowersFlowers None, spore cases instead
Spore season All year
FruitsFruitsFruits None; produces spores instead
HabitatHabitatHabitat Disturbed sites & wet areas
ThreatThreatThreat Invades wetlands, pine flatwoods and disturbed sites; thick mats smother native plants, create fire ladders up trees
OriginOriginOrigin Australia, tropical Asia
Distributed by Wind, fire, equipment, and people
ToxicityToxicityToxicity No information found
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies No information found
444444 Old World Climbing Fern
Twining vines climbing pine tree
Sterile frond leaflets from above
Fertile frond leaflets from below 454545 Rosary Pea
Abrus precatorius (Fabaceae) Growth form Twining woody vine without tendrils
LeavesLeavesLeaves Compound, 8-15 pairs of leaflets about 1/2” long with spike at tip, alternate
FlowersFlowersFlowers White, creamy or purplish, 1/4” long, similar to a sweet pea, in erect clusters 1-3” long
FloweringFloweringFlowering Summer seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Pods in small clusters, green turning brown & splitting along one side; about 1 1/2” long; seeds, scarlet red & jet black, about 1/4” long
HabitatHabitatHabitat Disturbed sites, pinelands and hammocks
ThreatThreatThreat Can kill host plant as a smothering blanket
OriginOriginOrigin Southeast Asia
Distributed by Birds
ToxicityToxicityToxicity One of the most toxic seeds in the world; chewing a half a seed might kill a human child or adult
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies No information found
464646 Rosary Pea
Compound leaves
Vines growing up a pine Flower cluster
Pods before they open
Open pods revealing colorful seeds
Seeds: beautiful but deadly
474747 Schefflera, Umbrella Tree
Schefflera actinophylla (Araliaceae)
Growth form Single- or multi-trunked tree to 40 feet; no thorns on trunk or branches
LeavesLeavesLeaves Compound, 9-15 leaflets radiating from one point; dark green, glossy leaflets about 1 foot long
FlowersFlowersFlowers Small, red flowers in clusters 2-3 feet long
FloweringFloweringFlowering Summer-fall seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Scarlet, turning dark purple, 1/2” wide, round
HabitatHabitatHabitat Hardwood forests, disturbed sites, landscaping
ThreatThreatThreat Fast growing, invades disturbed areas and undisturbed hardwood forests
OriginOriginOrigin Australia & New Guinea
Distributed by Birds
ToxicityToxicityToxicity Ingestion of any part may cause vomiting, numbness and tingling of the mouth, lack of coordination
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies Sap may cause minor skin irritation
484848 Schefflera, Umbrella Tree
Branches and leaves
Compound leaf
Flower clusters
494949 Simpleleaf Chastetree
Vitex trifolia (Lamiaceae)
Growth form Evergreen shrub to 12 feet
LeavesLeavesLeaves Opposite, compound with 3 leaflets, gray or white on lower surface, fragrant when crushed
FlowersFlowersFlowers Blue
FloweringFloweringFlowering Summer seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Fleshy, brown
HabitatHabitatHabitat Disturbed sites, beaches
ThreatThreatThreat Forms large colonies
OriginOriginOrigin Asia
Distributed by No information found
ToxicityToxicityToxicity Skin irritant
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies Trimming may cause respiratory irritation
505050 Simpleleaf Chastetree
Flower cluster
Cluster of mature fruits
Compound leaves with 3 leaflets, from above & below
515151 Surinam Cherry
Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae)
Growth form Small evergreen tree or shrub
LeavesLeavesLeaves Simple, opposite, 1-7” long, 1/2 -1” wide
FlowersFlowersFlowers White, fragrant with 4 thin petals that wither quickly; nearly 1/2” long; many stamens
FloweringFloweringFlowering All year or late winter/early spring seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Juicy berry with usually 8 deep grooves and ridges, 1/2” long, 3/4” wide; red or very dark red when ripe; 1 or 2 seeds; edible but acidic
HabitatHabitatHabitat Disturbed hammocks; prefers fertile, moist soils and partial shade
ThreatThreatThreat Invades intact hammocks and thrives in deep shade
OriginOriginOrigin South America
Distributed by Seed drop; birds and small mammals
ToxicityToxicityToxicity Fruit is edible, but ingestion of the seeds may cause diarrhea
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies Tr imming the plant may cause respiratory irritation
525252 Surinam Cherry
Simple opposite leaves
Fruits: immature & mature (red)
535353 Tropical Soda Apple
Solanum viarum (Solanaceae)
Growth form Bushy herbaceous perennial up to 6 feet tall with many prickles and hairs
LeavesLeavesLeaves Deeply-lobed, alternate, simple, 8” long, 6” wide with dense covering of soft hairs plus prickles on upper and lower surfaces
FlowersFlowersFlowers White petals are curved back, yellow centers
FloweringFloweringFlowering All year, primarily spring and seasonseasonseason summer
FruitsFruitsFruits Round, 1” wide, like golf balls, green with dark veins when immature like minature watermelons, yellow when ripe
HabitatHabitatHabitat Disturbed and natural sites
ThreatThreatThreat Invades pastures shading out grasses; invades hardwood hammocks crowding out native plants
OriginOriginOrigin South America, especially Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil
Distributed by Cattle, raccoons, feral pigs, sod industry, contaminated hay and grass seeds
ToxicityToxicityToxicity Ingestion of any part may cause gastrointestinal problems
545454 Tropical Soda Apple
Leaf from above with prickles
Flower
An immature fruit and a mature fruit
555555 Woman’s Tongue
Albizia lebbeck (Fabaceae)
Growth form Large, fast-growing tree; may lose its leaves during spring droughts
LeavesLeavesLeaves Twice compound, light green, oblong leaflets 1-2” long, stalk has a gland near base
FlowersFlowersFlowers Cream-colored, fragrant, powder puffs, 2” long
FloweringFloweringFlowering Spring - summer seasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruits Large flat bean pods which rattle in the wind giving this plant its common name
HabitatHabitatHabitat Disturbed & undisturbed sites
ThreatThreatThreat Out competes native plants forming large colonies
OriginOriginOrigin Asia
Distributed by Seeds and root suckers
ToxicityToxicityToxicity Seeds are highly toxic
AllergiesAllergiesAllergies No information found
565656 Woman’s Tongue
Part of a compound leaf
Compound leaflet
Flower cluster
575757 Plants to Watch For
The plants listed in this guide are known to be invasive and a problem in natural and even residential areas in east central Florida. There are other non-native plants not included in this guide that are also invasive or potentially invasive in east central Florida but at this time, are more localized, more easily controlled, or restricted to disturbed areas. These plants however, should be monitored and/or removed when encountered. Some of these plants include:
Asian Sword Fern (Nephrolepsis multiflora) Sword Fern (Nephrolepsis cordifolia) Asparagus Fern (Asparagus aethiopicus) Balsam Apple (Momordica charantia) Elephant Ear (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) Earpod Tree (Enterolobium cyclocarpum syn. contortisiliquum) Golden Raintree (Koelreuteria paniculata) Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum) Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) LantanaLantanaLantana (Lantana camara) Laurel FigFigLaurel (Ficus microcarpa) Natal Grass (Rhynchelytrum repens) Oyster Plant (Tradescantia spathacea) Para Grass (Urochola mutica) Skunk Vine (Paederia foetida) TaroTaroTaro (Colocasia esculenta)
* Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria): This plant is currently found in every state but Florida. Help us keep it that way!
For the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council’s most current list of invasive exotic species, please visit: http://www.fleppc.org/ and click on “List of Invasive Plants.” 585858 Invasive Plant Removal and Control
Like many garden weeds, the small seedlings of invasive plants can be hand pulled or dug up, but like many weeds, parts of their roots may break off in the ground, left to resprout. The effective control of invasive plants often requires a combination of treatments as well as regular monitoring and retreatment.
In most cases, herbicides must be used to kill the unwanted plant. The following table provides products that contain herbicides known to be effective in controlling invasive plants. This list is not all inclusive, but based on available information and local experience. Other products and herbicides are available and may provide effective control.
Note: Follow directions on the herbicide product label and use appropriate safety protection. The label is law!
For more information on herbicide use, visit: http://www.fleppc.org/Misc/HerbicideAdvice.pdf http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/WG209
Roundup®: The active ingredient in Roundup® is glyphosate. Various versions of Roundup® are available, so look for the concentration you need. You can dilute Roundup® with water to achieve a lower concentration. Glyphosate is non-selective so be careful to avoid overspray.
RoundUp®, Brush-B-Gone®, ENFORCER® Brush Killer, Pathfinder II® , and Vine-X® are available to non-licensed applicatiors (homeowners) and may not need dilution.
Table Abbreviation Key
HP = Hand Pull HPS = Hand Pull Seedling BK = Brush Killer® BBG = Brush-B-Gone®
G-3A = Garlon®-3A G-4 = Garlon®-4 PF II = Pathfinder II® VX = Vine-X®
595959 Notes
Cut stem at base, collect bulbils Basal for small trees
Mow, let grow, spray New sprouts likely Needs retreatment
Cut Stump
G-4 5-10%, PF II
G-4 10%, PF II Garlon-3A 50% G-4 10%, PF II, BBG Arsenal 10-50%, BK, VX N/A G-3A 50%, BBG, PF II Roundup 25% G-3A 50% G-3A 50%, Arsenal 10% Same as foliar N/A
Basal Bark
G4 10%, PF II
G-4 10%, PF II G-4 10%, PF II G-4 10%, PF II
G-4 30% G-4 10%, PF II G-4 10%, PF II G-4 10%, PF II G-4 15%, PF II N/A N/A N/A
Foliar
Roundup, G-4 2%
G-3A 1%, G-4 10%, PF II N/A Arsenal 2%, Plateau, PF II G-4 10%, BBG, BK N/A G-3A 1%, Arsenal 1% Roundup 2% G-3A 1% G-3A 1%, Arsenal 1% Rodeo or Roundup 2%, VX, PFII Arsenal 1% + Rodeo 1% G-4 2%, Roundup 2%
Treatments
HPS, discard tubers
HPS, herbicide HPS, herbicide HPS, herbicide
HPS, herbicide HPS, herbicide HPS, herbicide HPS, herbicide HPS, herbicide HP, herbicide HP, mow & herbicide HP, herbicide HP,
Plant Control and Herbicide Use Table Plant Control and Herbicide Use Table
Plant Control and Herbicide Use Table
Plant Control and Herbicide Use Table Plant Control and Herbicide Use Table
Invasive Plant Invasive
Air Potato
Australian-Pine Beach Naupaka Brazilian Pepper
Camphortree Carrotwood Castorbean Chinaberry Chinese Tallowtree Climbing Fern (both) Cogongrass Creeping Oxeye
606060 Notes
Refer to product labels Refer to product label, needs retreatment
New sprouts likely Cut stump for big plants Hand pull + herbicide Cut vine at base Large trees difficult Little info. available
Dispose of fruit, watch for thorns
rdon 101 or K
Cut Stump
N/A To
G-4 40% Arsenal 10-50%, G-4 15%, Rodeo 25% Roundup G-4 5% G-3A 50%, G-4 10%
G-4 10%, G-3A 50% G-3A 50%,
G-4 10-30%
Basal Bark
G-4 10-20%, PF II N/A
G-4 30% N/A
N/A N/A G-4 10-20% Grazon DS 10% G-4 10%, PF II G-4 10%, PF II
G-4 10-30%
rdon 101 or K
Foliar
G-4, PF II To Veteran 720 N/A Arsenal 1.5% + Rodeo 8%, Arsenal 15%, G-4 15% BBG, Bk, Roundup G-4 1% G-3A 1%, N/A N/A Roundup 3%, G-3A 1%, Arsenal 0.5%
Treatments
HPS, herbicide HPS, herbicide, grazing, burning HPS, herbicide HPS, herbicide
HPS, cut/herbicide HPS, herbicide HP, herbicide HP, HPS, herbicide Herbicide HPS, herbicide
HPS, herbicide
man’s Tongue man’s
Invasive Plant Invasive
Downy Rosemyrtle Kudzu
Leadtree Melaleuca
Mexican Petunia Rosary Pea Schefflera Simpleleaf Chastetree Surinam Cherry Tropical Soda Apple
Wo
Plant Control and Herbicide Use Table, continued Plant Control and Herbicide Use Table, continued
Plant Control and Herbicide Use Table, continued
Plant Control and Herbicide Use Table, continued Plant Control and Herbicide Use Table, continued
616161 Parthenocissus quinquefolia)
Native General Native General
Virginia Creeper Virginia Creeper
Slash Pine Slash Pine
Coco-Plum Coco-Plum
White Stopper White Stopper
Red Chokeberry Red Chokeberry
Red Bay Red Bay
Carolina Laurel Cherry Carolina Laurel Cherry
Native General
Virginia Creeper (
Slash Pine
Coco-Plum
White Stopper
Red Chokeberry
Red Bay
Carolina Laurel Cherry
Native General Native General
Virginia Creeper Virginia Creeper
Slash Pine Slash Pine
Coco-Plum Coco-Plum
White Stopper White Stopper
Red Chokeberry Red Chokeberry
Red Bay Red Bay (Pinus elliottii) (Chrysobalanus icaco) (Eugenia axillaris) (Photinia pyrifolia) (Persea borbonia) Carolina Laurel Cherry Carolina Laurel Cherry (Prunus caroliniana)
. humilis)
var
Lonicera sempervirens) Juniperus virginiana) Coccoloba uvifera) Dodonaea viscosa) Coccoloba uvifera)
Native Dry Native Dry
Coral Honeysuckle Coral Honeysuckle
Red Cedar Red Cedar
Sea Grape Sea Grape
Varnishleaf Varnishleaf
FirebushFirebush FirebushFirebush
Silk BaySilk Bay Bay Silk BaySilk Silk BaySilk
Sea Grape Sea Grape
Native Dry
Coral Honeysuckle (
Red Cedar ( Sea Grape (
Varnishleaf ( Firebush
Silk Bay
Sea Grape (
Native Dry Native Dry
Coral Honeysuckle Coral Honeysuckle
Red Cedar Red Cedar
Sea Grape Sea Grape
Varnishleaf Varnishleaf (Hamelia patens) (Persea borbonia Sea Grape Sea Grape
)
)
)
)
)
Ipomoea alba Chamaecyparis thyoides) Ilex cassine Magnolia virginiana Conocarpus erectus
Native Moist Native Moist
Moonflower Moonflower
Atlantic White Cedar Atlantic White Cedar
Wax Myrtle Wax Myrtle
Dahoon Holly Dahoon Holly
Elderberry Elderberry
Sweet Bay Magnolia Sweet Bay Magnolia
Buttonwood Buttonwood
Native Moist
Moonflower (
Atlantic White Cedar (
Wax Myrtle
Dahoon Holly (
Elderberry
Sweet Bay Magnolia (
Buttonwood (
Native Moist Native Moist
Moonflower Moonflower
Atlantic White Cedar Atlantic White Cedar
Wax Myrtle Wax Myrtle
Dahoon Holly Dahoon Holly
Elderberry Elderberry
Sweet Bay Magnolia Sweet Bay Magnolia (Myrica cerifera) (Sambucus nigra Buttonwood Buttonwood
Invasive Invasive
Air Potato Air Potato
Australian-Pine Australian-Pine
Beach Naupaka Beach Naupaka
Brazilian Pepper Brazilian Pepper
Brazilian Pepper Brazilian Pepper
Camphortree Camphortree
Carrotwood Carrotwood
Invasive
Air Potato
Australian-Pine
Beach Naupaka
Brazilian Pepper (tree-type) Brazilian Pepper (shrub-type) Camphortree
Carrotwood
Invasive Invasive
Air Potato Air Potato
Australian-Pine Australian-Pine
Beach Naupaka Beach Naupaka
Brazilian Pepper Brazilian Pepper
Brazilian Pepper Brazilian Pepper
Camphortree Camphortree
Carrotwood Carrotwood
Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations
Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations
Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations 626262 beyrichiana)
var.
Amorpha fruiticosa) Passiflora suberosa)
Native General Native General
Bastard Indigo Bastard Indigo
Persimmon Persimmon
East Palatka Holly East Palatka Holly
Corky-Stem Passion-vine Corky-Stem Passion-vine
Wiregrass Wiregrass
Wild Coffee Wild Coffee
Blanket Flower Blanket Flower
Native General
Bastard Indigo (
Persimmon
East Palatka Holly
Corky-Stem Passion-vine (
Wiregrass
Wild Coffee
Blanket Flower
Native General Native General
Bastard Indigo Bastard Indigo
Persimmon Persimmon
East Palatka Holly East Palatka Holly
Corky-Stem Passion-vine Corky-Stem Passion-vine
Wiregrass Wiregrass
Wild Coffee Wild Coffee (Diospyros virginiana) (Ilex x attenuata) (Aristida stricta (Psychotria nervosa) Blanket Flower Blanket Flower (Gaillardia pulchella)
Ruhs copallinum) Sapindus saponaria) Ilex vomitoria) Passiflora incarnata) Eragrostis spectabilis) Randia aculeata) Helianthus debils )
Native Dry Native Dry
Winged Sumac Winged Sumac
Soapberry Soapberry
Yaupon Holly Yaupon Holly
Passionflower Passionflower
Purple Lovegrass Purple Lovegrass
White Indigo Berry White Indigo Berry
Beach Sunflower Beach Sunflower
Native Dry
Winged Sumac (
Soapberry ( Yaupon Holly (
Passionflower ( Purple Lovegrass ( White Indigo Berry ( Beach Sunflower (
Native Dry Native Dry
Winged Sumac Winged Sumac
Soapberry Soapberry
Yaupon Holly Yaupon Holly
Passionflower Passionflower
Purple Lovegrass Purple Lovegrass
White Indigo Berry White Indigo Berry
Beach Sunflower Beach Sunflower
)
)
)
)
Sambucus nigra Acer rubrum) Ilex cassine) Bignonia capreolata Muhlenbergia capillaris Myrica cerifera
Native Moist Native Moist
Elderberry Elderberry
Red Maple Red Maple
Dahoon Holly Dahoon Holly
Crossvine Crossvine
Muhly Grass Muhly Grass
Wax Myrtle Wax Myrtle
Lemon Bacopa Lemon Bacopa
Native Moist
Elderberry (
Red Maple ( Dahoon Holly ( Crossvine (
Muhly Grass ( Wax Myrtle ( Lemon Bacopa
Native Moist Native Moist
Elderberry Elderberry
Red Maple Red Maple
Dahoon Holly Dahoon Holly
Crossvine Crossvine
Muhly Grass Muhly Grass
Wax Myrtle Wax Myrtle Lemon Bacopa Lemon Bacopa (Bacopa caroliniana)
Invasive Invasive
Castorbean Castorbean
Chinaberry Chinaberry
Chinese Tallow Chinese Tallow treetree treetree Climbing Ferns Climbing Ferns (both)(both) (both)(both) Cogongrass Cogongrass
Coral Ardisia Coral Ardisia
Creeping Oxeye Creeping Oxeye
Invasive
Castorbean
Chinaberry
Chinese Tallow tree Climbing Ferns (both) Cogongrass
Coral Ardisia
Creeping Oxeye
Invasive Invasive
Castorbean Castorbean
Chinaberry Chinaberry
Chinese Tallow Chinese Tallow
Climbing Ferns Climbing Ferns
Cogongrass Cogongrass
Coral Ardisia Coral Ardisia
Creeping Oxeye Creeping Oxeye
Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations, continued Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations, continued
Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations, continued
Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations, continued Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations, continued 636363 (highly toxic)
Gelsemium sempervirens) Lyonia lucida)
Native General Native General
Red Chokeberry Red Chokeberry
Carolina Jessamine Carolina Jessamine
Slash Pine Slash Pine
Stoke’s Aster Stoke’s Aster
Coralbean Coralbean
Bastard Indigo Bastard Indigo
Fetterbush Fetterbush
Native General
Red Chokeberry
Carolina Jessamine (
Slash Pine
Stoke’s Aster
Coralbean (highly toxic)
Bastard Indigo
Fetterbush (
Native General Native General
Red Chokeberry Red Chokeberry
Carolina Jessamine Carolina Jessamine
Slash Pine Slash Pine
Stoke’s Aster Stoke’s Aster
Coralbean Coralbean
Bastard Indigo Bastard Indigo (Photinia pyrifolia) (Pinus elliottii) (Stokesia laevis) (Erythrina herbacea) (Amorpha fruiticosa) Fetterbush Fetterbush
. truncata)
var
Pinus palustris) Salvia azurea or S. lyrata) Sophora tomentosa Lyonia ferruginea)
Coral Honeysuckle Coral Honeysuckle
Long Leaf Pine Long Leaf Pine
Blue Sage or Lyreleaf Sage Blue Sage or Lyreleaf Sage
Necklace Pod Necklace Pod
Winged Sumac Winged Sumac
Rusty Lyonia Rusty Lyonia
Native Dry Native Dry
Pygmy Fringe Tree Pygmy Fringe Tree
Coral Honeysuckle
Long Leaf Pine ( Blue Sage or Lyreleaf Sage ( Necklace Pod (
Winged Sumac
Rusty Lyonia (
Native Dry
Pygmy Fringe Tree
Coral Honeysuckle Coral Honeysuckle
Long Leaf Pine Long Leaf Pine
Blue Sage or Lyreleaf Sage Blue Sage or Lyreleaf Sage
Necklace Pod Necklace Pod
Winged Sumac Winged Sumac
Rusty Lyonia Rusty Lyonia
Native Dry Native Dry Pygmy Fringe Tree Pygmy Fringe Tree (Chionanthus pygmaeus) (Lonicera sempervirens) (Rhus copallinum)
)
)
)
)
Illium spp. Ipomoea indica var.) Taxodium distichum) Ruellia caroliniensis Celtis laevigata Ilex glabra
Oceanblue Morning- Oceanblue Morning- gloryglory glory
GallberryGallberry GallberryGallberry
Native Moist Native Moist
AniseAnise AniseAnise
Bald Cypress Bald Cypress
Wild Petunia Wild Petunia
Climbing Aster Climbing Aster
Sugarberry Sugarberry
Oceanblue Morning- glory (
Gallberry (
Native Moist
Anise (
Bald Cypress ( Wild Petunia (
Climbing Aster
Sugarberry (
Oceanblue Morning- Oceanblue Morning- glory
Native Moist Native Moist
Bald Cypress Bald Cypress
Wild Petunia Wild Petunia
Climbing Aster Climbing Aster (Symphyotrichum carolinianum) Sugarberry Sugarberry
ExoticExotic ExoticExotic
Downy Rose Downy Rose myrtle myrtle KudzuKudzu KudzuKudzu
Meleleuca Meleleuca
Mexican Petunia Mexican Petunia
Rosary Pea Rosary Pea
Schefflera Schefflera
Simpleleaf Simpleleaf Chastetree Chastetree
Exotic
Downy Rose myrtle Kudzu
Meleleuca
Mexican Petunia
Rosary Pea
Schefflera
Simpleleaf Chastetree
Downy Rose Downy Rose myrtle myrtle
Meleleuca Meleleuca
Mexican Petunia Mexican Petunia
Rosary Pea Rosary Pea
Schefflera Schefflera
Simpleleaf Simpleleaf Chastetree Chastetree
Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations, continued Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations, continued
Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations, continued
Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations, continued Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations, continued 646464 sion
o find
T
Native General Native General
Yaupon Holly Yaupon Holly
Saw Palmetto Saw Palmetto
Live OakLive Oak Oak Live OakLive Live OakLive
Coral Honeysuckle Coral Honeysuckle
Southern Magnolia Southern Magnolia
Native General
Yaupon Holly
Saw Palmetto
Live Oak
Coral Honeysuckle
Southern Magnolia
Native General Native General
Yaupon Holly Yaupon Holly
Saw Palmetto Saw Palmetto
Coral Honeysuckle Coral Honeysuckle (Ilex vomitoria) (Serenoa repens) (Quercus virginiana) (Lonicera sempervirens) Southern Magnolia Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)
.
http://www.afnn.org
Vaccinium myrsinites) Croton punctatus) Krugiodendron ferreum) Jacquemontia pentanthos )
Native Dry Native Dry
Shiny Blueberry Shiny Blueberry
Beach Tea Beach Tea
Black Ironwood Black Ironwood
Blue Jacquemontia Blue Jacquemontia
Pignut Hickory Pignut Hickory
Native Dry
Shiny Blueberry (
Beach Tea (
Black Ironwood ( Blue Jacquemontia ( Pignut Hickory
Native Dry Native Dry
Shiny Blueberry Shiny Blueberry
Beach Tea Beach Tea
Black Ironwood Black Ironwood
Blue Jacquemontia Blue Jacquemontia Pignut Hickory Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra)
)
)
Viburnum obovatum) Hibiscus coccinea) Annona glabra Magnolia virginiana
Moonflower Moonflower
Scarlet Hibiscus Scarlet Hibiscus
Pond Apple Pond Apple
Native Moist Native Moist Sweet Bay Magnolia Sweet Bay Magnolia
Walter’s Viburnum Walter’s Viburnum
Moonflower
Scarlet Hibiscus ( Pond Apple (
Native Moist Sweet Bay Magnolia ( Walter’s Viburnum (
Moonflower Moonflower
Scarlet Hibiscus Scarlet Hibiscus
Pond Apple Pond Apple
Native Moist Native Moist Sweet Bay Magnolia Sweet Bay Magnolia Walter’s Viburnum Walter’s Viburnum (Ipomoea alba)
Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Notes: Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Notes:
Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Notes: All native plants listed here as replacements for invasive exotic plants are only suggestions. This list is not all inclusive. out more about the best plant for your site or what is available in your area, contact your local native plant nursery or exten office. Listings for native plant nurseries can be found at
Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Notes: Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Notes:
ExoticExotic ExoticExotic
Surinam Cherry Surinam Cherry
Tropical Soda Apple Tropical Soda Apple
LeadtreeLeadtree LeadtreeLeadtree
Winged Yam Winged Yam
Woman’s Tongue Woman’s Tongue
Exotic
Surinam Cherry
Tropical Soda Apple
Leadtree
Winged Yam
Woman’s Tongue
Surinam Cherry Surinam Cherry
Tropical Soda Apple Tropical Soda Apple
Winged Yam Winged Yam
Woman’s Tongue Woman’s Tongue
Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations, continued Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations, continued
Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations, continued
Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations, continued Non-Native Invasive Plant Replacement Recommendations, continued 656565 This publication was produced by the Brevard County Natural Resources Management Office
Printed July 2006
Funding for this publication was made possible through a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Impact Assistance Program. Additional funds for printing this publication were provided by the Brevard County Environmentally Endangered Lands Program.
http://natres.brevardcounty.us (321) 633-2016