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PRÉ-ACTES Laboratoire TRACES -UMR5608 Introduction Conception graphique : Benoît Colas, UT2J / CPRS - DAR. Illustration : © DR . de France 2021 de France (31 mai-4juin2021) https://cpf2021.sciencesconf.org/ préhistorique préhistorique Congrès Congrès Toulouse Toulouse Email correspondant :[email protected] Email correspondant PRÉ-ACTES Laboratoire TRACES -UMR5608 TRACES Laboratoire Introduction La Société préhistorique française, fondée en 1904, est une des plus anciennes sociétés d’Archéologie. Elle a été reconnue d’utilité publique en 1910, et a obtenu le Grand Prix de l’Archéologie en 1982. Ses activités consistent en l'édition de publications et en l'organisation de réunions scientifiques. Parmi celles-ci, les Congrès Préhistorique de France (CPF) sont organisés tous les 4 à 6 ans depuis 1905 et réunissent les spécialistes de la Préhistoire et de la Protohistoire, depuis le Paléolithique ancien jusqu’à la fin des âges des Métaux, pendant une semaine pleine. Si les congrès anciens traitaient de toutes les périodes sans organisation particulière des interventions, depuis 1984, ils se réunissent autour de thématiques ciblées. Avec cette 29e édition, c’est la seconde fois que Toulouse organise cette manifestation d’envergure nationale et internationale, la première ayant eu lieu en 1936 pour la 12e édition (cf. cliché ci-dessous). Quatre-vingt-cinq ans plus tard, le dynamisme local de la recherche en archéologie pré- et protohistorique, notamment par l’intermédiaire du laboratoire TRACES, justifie pleinement d’organiser une nouvelle session à Toulouse. Le comité d’organisation est composé de dix chercheuses et chercheurs du laboratoire dont les thématiques de recherche couvrent l’essentiel du champ disciplinaire et chronologique. Le comité scientifique rassemble les responsables des sessions du congrès. XIIe Congrès de la Société Préhistorique de France (13 au 20 sept. 1936, sous la présidence d'Henri Bégouën et présidence d'honneur de Gaston Doumergue). Cliché pris le 16 septembre 1936, devant l’entrée principale du muséum de l’époque, l’actuel Théâtre Sorano – coll. muséum. Du fait des conditions sanitaires, le 29e Congrès Préhistorique de France se tiendra du 31 mai au 4 juin 2021 sous forme virtuelle et la logistique sera assurée depuis le campus de l’Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès. Il est organisé par l'UMR 5608 TRACES, sous l’égide de la Société préhistorique française et rassemble plusieurs centaines de participant·e·s français et étrangers. 1 Le 29e Congrès préhistorique de France sera consacré aux « Hiatus, lacunes et absences : identifier et interpréter les vides archéologiques ». La discipline archéologique est née des premiers travaux classificatoires de vestiges matériels, lesquels eurent rapidement pour objet de proposer une organisation des découvertes dans le temps et l’espace. Cette perspective, au départ taxinomique et évolutionniste, s’est progressivement enrichie d’une troisième dimension, spatiale, offrant un point de vue diffusionniste et donnant lieu à un renouvellement des méthodes. Les réflexions s’opèrent depuis à un plus haut niveau de résolution par le biais de nouvelles disciplines au service du discours interprétatif (ethnoarchéologie, archéométrie, paléoenvironnement, par exemple). L’essentiel de notre travail est aujourd’hui encore de formuler des hypothèses ou de répondre à des questions sur des thèmes tels que : configurations spatiales et dynamiques temporelles des productions matérielles, identification et évolution des identités culturelles, des réseaux d’échanges, des structures sociétales, modalités d’acquisition des biens alimentaires et techniques ou impacts des facteurs environnementaux. Néanmoins, toutes ces approches se heurtent tôt ou tard à des absences d’observations, des lacunes de donnée et des discontinuités spatiales ou temporelles, comme dans le cas des gisements stratifiés où des troncatures sédimentaires et des faciès d’érosion sont parfois mis au jour : quelle était la nature des dépôts aujourd’hui disparus ? La distribution géographique des gisements peut également nous interpeler : les nombreux vides qui parsèment les cartes de répartition traduisent-ils des absences d’occupation, des frontières culturelles ou naturelles, ou bien s’agit-il de biais liés à l’absence de recherches, à des processus taphonomiques singuliers ? La faiblesse quantitative, voire l’absence de données chronométriques pour certaines périodes peut-elle être interprétée comme un défaut de peuplement ? Les césures observées dans l'évolution des cultures matérielles enregistrent-elles une mutation accélérée ou bien un hiatus artificiel dans un continuum ? Les réseaux d’échanges, et notamment ceux à l’œuvre sur de vastes espaces géographiques, sont toujours bornés spatialement et comportent également de nombreux vides en leur sein : comment comprendre, d’un point de vue anthropologique, ces dissymétries ? Ou encore, comment caractériser et interpréter les lacunes observées dans les chaînes opératoires de production et d’exploitation des denrées alimentaires et des biens techniques (production différée dans le temps et dans l’espace, organisation spatio-temporelle des productions, etc.) ? Enfin, plus largement, quels sont les facteurs à l’œuvre dans la mise en place d’une innovation, sa diffusion ou son refus ? Ces hiatus, lacunes ou encore ces absences sont tout autant informatifs des sociétés préhistoriques et protohistoriques que leurs productions matérielles ou alimentaires conservées, la caractérisation de leurs habitats, etc. Ce sont les questionnements suscités par ces vides archéologiques et leur interprétation qui forment le thème de ce Congrès, questions qui seront abordées dans toute leur diversité, depuis des réflexions épistémologiques et méthodologiques sur la façon de les identifier et de les caractériser jusqu’à leur interprétation anthropologique. Ce sont au total douze sessions qui vont se succéder tout au long de la semaine, avec généralement deux sessions en parallèle (et trois le mardi après-midi). Les communications ont une durée de 15 mn suivies de 5 mn de discussions, pour des posters adaptés au format virtuel, sous forme de présentations courtes de 5 mn, elles-aussi suivies de 5 mn de discussions. Des temps de discussion généraux sont également prévus à la fin de chaque session. Les actes du Congrès seront publiés par la Société préhistorique française : des consignes précises seront fournies aux intervenant·e·s lors de la clôture du Congrès virtuel. 2 Le comité d’organisation : • Jessie Cauliez, CR CNRS • Jean-Marc Pétillon, CR CNRS • Sandrine Costamagno, DR CNRS • Caroline Renard, CR CNRS • Claire Manen, DR CNRS • Cristina San-Juan- Foucher, ingénieure • Pierre-Yves Milcent, MCF HDR Université Ministère de la Culture Toulouse Jean-Jaurès • Nicolas Valdeyron, professeur Université • Marilou Nordez, docteure de TRACES Toulouse Jean-Jaurès • Thomas Perrin, DR CNRS Contact : [email protected] Le laboratoire organisateur : L’UMR 5608 TRACES, dirigée par Nicolas Valdeyron, est l’un plus importants laboratoires d’archéologie à l’échelle nationale. Ses tutelles sont le CNRS, l’Université Toulouse Jean-Jaurès et le Ministère de la Culture. Elle est également conventionnée avec l’EHESS et l’INRAP. Elle compte à ce jour plus de 200 membres, dont environ 60 doctorants. Les activités de recherche qui y sont menées recouvrent les périodes depuis la Préhistoire ancienne jusqu’à l’époque moderne sur les continents européen et africain. Comité scientifique Ce comité est composé des membres du comité d'organisation et des responsables de session : • Frédéric Abbès (Archéorient) • Olivier Lemercier (Université Paul- • Stéphanie Adroit (post-doc) Valéry - Montpellier 3) • Lars Anderson (post-doc) • Cyril Marcigny (INRAP) • Rose-Marie Arbogast (CNRS) • Marylise Onfray (post-doc) • Sophie Archambault de Beaune • Rebecca Peake (INRAP) (Université de Lyon 3) • Pierre Péfau (doctorant, Université • Anne Augereau (INRAP) Toulouse Jean-Jaurès) • Julie Bachellerie (doctorante, • Alessandro Peinetti (post-doc) Université Toulouse Jean-Jaurès) • Marie Philippe (EVEHA) • Pierre-Antoine Beauvais (post-doc) • Thibaud Poigt (doctorant, Université • Clément Birouste (post-doc) Toulouse Jean-Jaurès) • Camille Bourdier (Université Toulouse • Vincent Riquier (INRAP) Jean-Jaurès) • Hélène Salomon • Marie Charnot (ANTEA Archéologie) • Marc Talon (Ministère de la Culture) • Benoît Clavel (MNHN) • Yaramila Tcheremissinoff (INRAP) • Guilhem Constans (post-doc) • Antonin Tomaso (post-doc) • Carole Dudognon (post-doc) • Caroline Trémeaud (post-doc) • Hubert Forestier (CNRS) • Jan Vanmoerkerke (Ministère de la • Véronique Laroulandie (CNRS) Culture) • • Valéry Zeitoun (CNRS Alexandre Lefebvre (post-doc) ) 3 Le cycle de conférences grand public en lien avec le CPF Un cycle de conférences grand public en partenariat avec le musée Saint-Raymond et le muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Toulouse est organisé parallèlement au 29e Congrès préhistorique de France. Une première conférence par François Bon et Sandra Péré-Noguès, dédiée à Émile Cartailhac, préhistorien toulousain de renom disparu il y a tout juste cent ans, se tiendra le 25 mai au MNHT à 18h30. Puis, le 2 juin à 20h, Christophe Darmangeat inaugurera le cycle des mercredis de l’Archéologie en partenariat avec TRACES et le musée Saint-Raymond – cycle qui, pour cette nouvelle édition, portera sur les vides et les lacunes en préhistoire, thématiques phares du Congrès. Lors de cette conférence inaugurale, il sera question de la guerre chez les chasseurs-collecteurs, à travers l’exemple des aborigènes
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