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Swr2-Musikstunde-20110608.Pdf ________________________________________________________________________________ 2 MUSIKSTUNDE mit Trüb Mittwoch, 8. 6. 2011 „Die im Dunkeln hört man nicht? (3) Henry Mancini“ MUSIK: INDIKATIV, NACH CA. ... AUSBLENDEN Dieses Image hat er zeitlebens sorgsam gepflegt: das des Pianisten in einer noblen Hotelbar, der zur Cocktail-Hour routiniert und diskret Musik macht, entweder im weißen Smokingjackett an einem schwarzen Flügel, oder in einem schwarzen am weißen Flügel; wahlweise auch als Pianist in einem dreiköpfigen Easy-Listening-Ensemble, dessen kommerzielle Jazzklänge sein sollen, wie man's der Filmmusik fälschlich immer vorwirft – bewusst nicht hörbar. Wenn sich die Begleitmusik in den Vordergrund drängen würde, so die Philosophie dahinter, könnten ja Leute zuhören und darüber vergessen, den nächsten schweineteuren Single Malt Whisky zu bestellen oder die nächste Havanna-Zigarre. Die einzige Funktion nämlich von Barmusik ist, auch von Live-Barmusik, keine gähnende Stille entstehen zu lassen, sondern präsent zu sein wie die Auslegware, die auch nie jemand bemerkt, die aber fehlen würde, wenn sie nicht da wäre. Natürlich stellt Henry Mancini sein Licht damit selber unter den Scheffel. Zwar komponierte er so manche Easy-Listening-Nummer, ansonsten aber konnte der Zögling der New Yorker Juilliard School of Music und spätere Schüler von Ernst Krenek und Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco jede Art von Musik komponieren, auch dramatische und komplexe. „Gebrauchsmusik“ war das immer, ob für Film oder Fernsehen oder den Konzertsaal. Aber den „unbekannten“ Henry Mancini will ich Ihnen heute auch vorstellen, den großen Könner, den Schwergewichte seines Fachs verehrten. Bekannt allerdings wurde er natürlich damit ... MUSIK: MANCINI, MOON RIVER, TRACK 1 (2:40) Henry Mancinis Greatest Hit, wenn auch nicht seine genialste Eingebung: das etwas seifige „Moon River“ aus dem Blake-Edwards-Audrey-Hepburn-Film „Breakfast at Tiffany's“. Geboren wurde Enrico Nicola Mancini am 16. April 1924 im Little-Italy-Viertel von Cleveland, seine Eltern Quinto und Anna waren kurz zuvor der Armut in den italienischen Abruzzen davongelaufen. Neue Welt, neues Leben: Vater Quinto konnte in Aliquippa bei Pittsburgh als Stahlkocher arbeiten, und da er ansonsten musisch veranlagt war – Flötist –, half er bald mit, eine Art Exil-banda zu gründen, eine jener Blaskapellen, wie sie in Italien bald jedes Dorf hat und wo 3 sie auf dem Marktplatz Opernouvertüren, Märsche, Walzer und Schlager tröten. In den USA nannte man sich „Sons of Italy“ oder „Figli d'Italia“, was aufs Gleiche hinausläuft, und als das Einzelkind Enrico acht Jahre alt war, brachte der Vater ihm ebenfalls die Flötentöne bei. Es dauerte dann nicht lang, und der Sohn Italiens sowie der Vereinigten Staaten wirkte mit als Piccolo-Flötist der banda, er war ja selber noch piccolo, also klein. Als Enrico zwölf wurde, spendierte der Vater ihm auch noch Klavierunterricht – denn Piccoloflöte allein wäre für einen angehenden Musiker etwas begrenzt gewesen: immer nur das Sahnehäubchen in der marching band, John-Philip-Sousa- Märsche spielend – nicht gerade abendfüllend. Zum Allround-Musiker machte Enrico, der sich als Teenager „Henry“ nannte und von allen dann nur „Hank“ genannt wurde, der Musikdirektor von Pittsburgh's Stanley Theatre, Max Atkins. Hier traten auch die Big-Bands der Epoche auf mit ihrem neuartigen Swing, und „Hank“ Mancini verliebte sich zum ersten Mal in seinem Leben: in den Jazz. MUSIK: MANCINI, PETER GUNN, TRACK 9 (2:04) Das war das berühmte „Peter Gunn“-Thema von Henry Mancini, komponiert für eine Detektivserie, die im US-Fernsehen höchst erfolgreich zwischen 1958 und 1961 ausgestrahlt wurde. Im Jahr 1942 erhielt Enrico Nicola Mancini, inzwischen bereits Henry Mancini, ein Stipendium an die New Yorker Juilliard School of Music, Adresse der Höchstbegabten. Er blieb dort aber nur ein Jahr, denn Amerikas Kriegseintritt nach dem Desaster von Pearl Harbor zwang auch „Hank“ in die United States Army. „Ich musste, von Staats wegen, möglichst viele Menschen umbringen, wir nannten sie Feinde“, sprach Manicini in einem Radio-Interview. „Ich hatte eigentlich keine Ahnung, was ein Feind war – okay, jemand, der dich bekämpft, damit er statt dir weiterlebt. Ansonsten sah er eigentlich aus wie ich. Aber wer ich bin, hat er nicht gefragt. Dazu war wahrscheinlich keine Zeit. Ich habe ihn aber auch nicht gefragt. In anderen Umständen wären wir möglicherweise Freunde geworden, aber es waren eben diese Umstände. Trotzdem konnten wir beide nicht schießen. Er konnte nicht, und ich konnte auch nicht. Jetzt, im nachhinein, kann ich nur vermuten: Das war, weil wir beide, in anderen Umständen, Freunde geworden wären!“ Das ist so ziemlich das bewegendste Zitat, das ich je zum Thema „Pazifismus“ gelesen habe. Henry Mancini sprach es aus in einem Interview, also etwas, das normalerweise nur lästige Pflicht ist. Er hatte etwas Neues im Leben gelernt. Vielleicht hatte er es 1945 gelernt, in der US Army, als er mithalf, das Konzentrationslager Mauthausen zu „befreien“. 1952 begann er, für das Billigstudio Universal zu arbeiten. Er musste auch dort einfach Musik 4 liefern, oft aber nicht die eigene, sondern Arrangements von früheren Soundtracks, mitunter auch Mischformen von Eigenem und Fremdem. So brachte er es, immerhin, auf 480 Filmmusiken, bei denen sein Name oft überhaupt nicht einmal erwähnt wurde. Er verstand die Geheimsprache der Musik, die sich in elaborierten Formen ebenso wie in ihrem Alphabet, der Notensprache, ausdrückt, aber letztendlich tat er nichts anderes, als einen Hamburger auf Wunsch mit Extra-Käse zu servieren. Und doch war das, was Mancini bei Universal erreichte, hört man seinen Kollegen Joseph Gershenson, „die altbekannte Mühle, der jemand Glanzlichter aufsetzt: Hank war der Begabteste von uns allen, auch wenn er sich genauso wie wir in die Riemen stemmen musste.“ Die Angelsachsen nennen das zwar a mixed metaphor, einen Metaphernsalat, aber bei Mancini stimmt das – er komponierte für den Horror-Supermarkt Universal Musik vom Allerfeinsten. Zum Beispiel für den Schrottfilm „Creature of the Black Lagoon“, Monster der Blauen Lagune – allein der Harfenpart ist schon beredtes Zeugnis vom Können Henry Mancinis. MUSIK: MANCINI, CREATURE FROM THE BLACK LAGOON, TRACK 5 (6:47) Henry Mancinis Anfänge als Kinokomponist: In der Knochenmühle der Universal-Studio-Fabrik lieferte er immer noch bildkräftige Scores wie diesen zu „The Creature from the Black Lagoon“, Kreatur – oder eigentlich: Monster – aus der Blauen Lagune. Mancinis Liebe zum Big-Band-Swing der vierziger Jahre sollte bald ihre Erfüllung finden. Das Studium an der Juilliard School blieb allerdings ein kurzes Gastspiel; nach einem knappen Jahr wurde „Hank“ zur US Army eingezogen, denn auch die Vereinigten Staaten waren, nach dem Überfall der Japaner auf Pearl Harbor, mitten im Zweiten Weltkrieg angelangt. Wie Mancini auf Streife im Nazi-Deutschland noch Zeit fand, zu komponieren und zu arrangieren, bleibt sein Geheimnis. Bekannt ist aber, dass er dem Klarinettisten Benny Goodman per Feldpost immer wieder Material zukommen ließ, das dieser auch aufführte mit seiner Band. Aber Mancinis Traumziel war's, als Arrangeur und Pianist beim Big-Band-Erfinder Glenn Miller mitmischen zu können – der damals ersten Adresse des Swings. Nur leider stieg der Major Miller im letzten Kriegsjahr in ein Kampfflugzeug, das ihn über den Ärmelkanal nach Frankreich bringen sollte. Und das, obwohl Nebel darüber hing, dick wie eine Erbsensuppe. Auf diesem Flug verschollen die Maschine, der Pilot – und Glenn Miller. Bis heute weiß kein Mensch, was passierte. Aber Henry Mancini sollte dennoch, mit einer Empfehlung von Benny Goodman, sein Traumziel erreichen: Als 1946 Tex Beneke die alte Glenn-Miller-Combo neu formierte, war „Hank“ dabei. Und schuf bereits die Grundlagen seiner späteren Filmmusiken. 5 Eine davon war ihm selbst die liebste: die zu Orson Welles's schwarzem Thriller „Touch of Evil“, deutsch: Im Zeichen des Bösen, von 1958. Der spielt in einer mexikanischen Grenzstadt und war für Mancini Anlass, zum ersten Mal im Film lateinamerikanischen Jazz zu machen. Die schäbige Halbwelt von Korruption und Zynismus, worin Ordnungshüter und Verbrecher lediglich zwei Seiten derselben Münze sind, trifft der Komponist schon im Haupttitel geradezu beklemmend; in einer einzigen großen Kamerabewegung wird im Wagen eines Millionärs eine Bombe platziert, dann geht es bis zur Grenze der Vereinigten Staaten – und das Ding explodiert. Für ein B-Picture jener Tage – also einen billig heruntergekurbelten B-Film – war das eine Sensation. Und Mancinis Main Title verschärft noch die Atmosphäre imminenter Gefahr. Hören Sie den Original-Soundtrack von '58. MUSIK: MANCINI, TOUCH OF EVIL, TRACK 1 (3:28) Der Haupttitel zu Orson Welles's „Touch of Evil“, komponiert von Henry Mancini: Eine Musik und Bilder, die den Zuschauer ohne große Exposition gleich mitten ins Geschehen hineinziehen und dann nicht mehr loslassen. Welles selber spielt Hank Quinlan, einen fetten, korrupten und hinterhältigen Bastard von Polizisten, dessen einzige versöhnende Qualität seine Freundschaft mit der Puffmutti Tana ist, gespielt von Marlene Dietrich. Für sie hatte Mancini den genialen Einfall, nur Musik für ein abgenutztes Pianola zu komponieren, wie sie in diesen tristen Grenzstädtchen vermutlich zu Hunderten herumstehen. Hören wir also jetzt noch aus „Touch of Evil“ den Titel: „Blue Pianola“ ... MUSIK: MANCINI, TOUCH OF EVIL, TRACK 18 (3:13) Henry Mancinis Lieblingsmusik aus eigener Werkstatt: 1958 zu „Touch of Evil“, Im Zeichen
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