DOCSLIB.ORG

Taxon-Specific Shifts in Bacterial and Archaeal Transcription of Dissolved

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Taxon-Specific Shifts in Bacterial and Archaeal Transcription of Dissolved bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.02.446852; this version posted June 5, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Taxon-specific shifts in bacterial and archaeal transcription of dissolved 2 organic matter cycling genes in a stratified fjord 3 4 Benjamin Pontiller1, Clara Pérez-Martínez1, Carina Bunse1, 2, 3, Christofer M.G. Osbeck1, José 5 M. González4, Daniel Lundin1, Jarone Pinhassi1* 6 7 1Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems – EEMiS, Linnaeus 8 University, Stuvaregatan 4, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. 9 2Helmholtz-Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg 10 (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, DE-26129 Oldenburg, Germany. 11 3Institute for the Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, 12 DE-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. 13 4Department of Microbiology, University of La Laguna, ES-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. 14 15 *Corresponding author: [email protected] 16 17 Keywords: Marine bacteria, Metatranscriptomics, Dissolved organic carbon, Carbohydrate- 18 active enzymes (CAZymes), Peptidases, Transporters, Vertical depth gradients, Stratification, 19 Nitrosopumilus, Fjord 20 21 Running title: Stratification in marine prokaryotic transcription 22 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.02.446852; this version posted June 5, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 23 ABSTRACT 24 A considerable fraction of organic matter derived from photosynthesis in the euphotic zone 25 settles into the ocean’s interior, and under way is degraded by diverse microbial consortia that 26 utilize a suite of extracellular enzymes and membrane transporters. Still, the molecular details 27 that regulate carbon cycling across depths remain little explored. As stratification in fjords has 28 made them attractive models to explore patterns in biological oceanography, we here analyzed 29 bacterial and archaeal transcription in samples from five depth layers in the Gullmar Fjord, 30 Sweden. Transcriptional variation over depth correlated with gradients in chlorophyll a and 31 nutrient concentrations. Differences in transcription between sampling dates (summer and early 32 autumn), were strongly correlated with ammonium concentrations, which potentially was 33 linked with a stronger influence of (micro-)zooplankton grazing in summer. Transcriptional 34 investment in carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) decreased with depth and shifted 35 toward peptidases, partly a result of elevated CAZyme transcription by Flavobacteriales, 36 Cellvibrionales and Synechococcales at 2-25 m and a dominance of peptidase transcription by 37 Alteromonadales and Rhodobacterales from 50 m and down. In particular, CAZymes for chitin, 38 laminarin, and glycogen were important. High levels of transcription of ammonium 39 transporters by Thaumarchaeota at depth (up to 18% of total transcription), along with the 40 genes for ammonia oxidation and CO2-fixation, indicated that chemolithoautotrophy 41 contributed to the carbon flux in the fjord. The taxon-specific expression of functional genes 42 for processing of the marine DOM pool and nutrients across depths emphasizes the importance 43 of different microbial foraging mechanisms across spatiotemporal scales for shaping 44 biogeochemical cycles. 45 46 2 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.02.446852; this version posted June 5, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 47 IMPORTANCE 48 It is generally recognized that stratification in the ocean strongly influences both the 49 community composition and the distribution of ecological functions of microbial communities, 50 which in turn are expected to shape the biogeochemical cycling of essential elements over 51 depth. Here we used metatranscriptomics analyses to infer molecular detail on the Distribution 52 of gene systems central to the utilization of organic matter in a stratified marine system. We 53 thereby uncovered that pronounced shifts in transcription of genes encoding CAZymes, 54 peptidases, and membrane transporters occurred over depth among key prokaryotic orders. 55 This implies that sequential utilization and transformation of organic matter through the water 56 column is a key feature that ultimately influences the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. 57 58 INTRODUCTION 59 Major portions of the primary production in the photic zone – up to ~40% of the 60 photosynthetically fixed carbon – is transported vertically in the form of particulate organic 61 matter into the ocean’s interior in a process referred to as the biological carbon pump (1). This 62 sinking organic matter is degraded by heterotrophic bacteria via extracellular enzymes that 63 remineralize large proportions to carbon dioxide (2). Sinking particles cross steep gradients in 64 light, temperature, nutrients, and hydrostatic pressure (3). Commonly, density gradients limit 65 mixing between water masses, which disrupts the connectivity of microbial communities and 66 nutrient fluxes. Stratification thereby strongly influences both the microbial community 67 composition and the ecological function of these communities (4). This is for example visible 68 in the replacement of phototrophy genes dominating in surface waters by chemolithoautotrophy 69 genes at depth (5-9). This suggests that a pronounced variability in the genetic repertoire of 70 bacteria and archaea is involved in the processing and uptake of nutrients and organic matter 71 throughout the water column in the open ocean. 3 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.02.446852; this version posted June 5, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 72 In the ocean, the bulk – community level – extracellular enzymatic hydrolysis rates 73 rapidly decrease from epipelagic to bathypelagic zones, whereas the per-cell rates increase, 74 indicating an increased microbial reliance on high molecular weight dissolved organic matter 75 (HMW-DOM) with depth (10, 11). Actually, the hydrolysis of HMW-DOM is considered the 76 rate-limiting step in the marine carbon cycle (12) and bacteria secrete hydrolytic enzymes to 77 utilize particular organic matter and biopolymers (13), e.g. carbohydrate-active enzymes 78 (CAZymes) and peptidases (PEPs), that cleave HMW-DOM into molecules smaller than ~600 79 Da that can be transported through the cell membrane (14). A few recent studies applied 80 metagenomics to study the spatial and vertical distribution of CAZyme and PEP genes (15-18). 81 For instance, analysis of 94 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from the Mediterranean 82 Sea uncovered a pronounced depth-related taxonomic and functional specialization in 83 degradation of polysaccharides dominated by Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and 84 Cyanobacteria (18). Zhao and colleagues (2020) applied a multi-omics approach encompassing 85 a broad spatial and vertical coverage, showing that both the abundance and diversity of 86 dissolved enzymes excreteD by particle-attached prokaryotes consistently increased from epi- 87 to bathypelagic waters (16). Still, knowledge of the concrete expression of these enzymes by 88 different taxa through the water column is limited. 89 Fjord ecosystems exhibit pronounced vertical gradients in physicochemical and 90 biological conditions, in qualitative aspects reflecting gradients observed in other stratified 91 coastal and offshore marine waters. Due to the reduced scaling of conditions in space and time, 92 fjords are at times referred to as model oceans (19-21). Kristineberg Marine Research Station, 93 created in 1877 and located in the Gullmar Fjord – a sill fjord on the west coast of Sweden – is 94 one of the oldest marine research stations in the world. The extensive knowledge of the 95 physical, chemical, and biological oceanography in the fjord provides a solid background 96 against which to determine aspects of the microbial oceanography (22). Therefore, to obtain 4 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.02.446852; this version posted June 5, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 97 novel mechanistic knowledge of the functional degradation of biopolymers with depth and the 98 microbial taxa that produce the required enzymes, we applied environmental 99 metatranscriptomics to investigate the expression of polymer degrading enzyme systems (i.e., 100 CAZymes and PEPs). As we aimed at studying the combined responses of both degradation 101 and uptake of ecologically important DOM compounds or nutrients in this system, we included 102 membrane transporters in the analysis.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Consistent Responses of Soil Microbial Communities to Elevated Nutrient Inputs in Grasslands Across the Globe
    Consistent responses of soil microbial communities to elevated nutrient inputs in grasslands across the globe Jonathan W. Leffa,b, Stuart E. Jonesc, Suzanne M. Proberd, Albert Barberána, Elizabeth T. Borere, Jennifer L. Firnf, W. Stanley Harpoleg,h,i, Sarah E. Hobbiee, Kirsten S. Hofmockelj, Johannes M. H. Knopsk, Rebecca L. McCulleyl, Kimberly La Pierrem, Anita C. Rischn, Eric W. Seabloomo, Martin Schützn, Christopher Steenbockb, Carly J. Stevensp, and Noah Fierera,b,1 aCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309; bDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309; cDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; dCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and Water Flagship, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia; eDepartment of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108; fSchool of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; gDepartment of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; hGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; iInstitute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; jEcology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011; kSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588; lDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546; mDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; nCommunity Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; oDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108; and pLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom Edited by Peter M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Trophic-Dynamic Aspect of Ecology Author(S): Raymond L
    The Trophic-Dynamic Aspect of Ecology Author(s): Raymond L. Lindeman Reviewed work(s): Source: Ecology, Vol. 23, No. 4 (Oct., 1942), pp. 399-417 Published by: Ecological Society of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1930126 . Accessed: 30/01/2012 10:50 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Ecological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecology. http://www.jstor.org THE TROPHIC-DYNAMIC ASPECT OF ECOLOGY RAYMOND L. LINDEMAN OsbornZoological Laboratory,Yale University Recent progressin the studyof aquatic community. A more "bio-ecological" food-cycle relationships invites a re- species-distributionalapproach would appraisal of certain ecological tenets. recognize both the plants and animals Quantitative productivitydata provide as co-constituentsof restricted"biotic" a basis for enunciating certain trophic communities,such as "plankton com- principles, which, when applied to a munities," "benthic communities,"etc., series of successional stages, shed new in which membersof the living commu- light on the dynamics of ecological nity "co-act" with each other and "re- succession. act" with the non-livingenvironment (Clementsand Shelford,'39; Carpenter, "COMMUNITY" CONCEPTS '39, '40; T. Park, '41).
    [Show full text]
  • (Antarctica) Glacial, Basal, and Accretion Ice
    CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANISMS IN VOSTOK (ANTARCTICA) GLACIAL, BASAL, AND ACCRETION ICE Colby J. Gura A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2019 Committee: Scott O. Rogers, Advisor Helen Michaels Paul Morris © 2019 Colby Gura All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Scott O. Rogers, Advisor Chapter 1: Lake Vostok is named for the nearby Vostok Station located at 78°28’S, 106°48’E and at an elevation of 3,488 m. The lake is covered by a glacier that is approximately 4 km thick and comprised of 4 different types of ice: meteoric, basal, type 1 accretion ice, and type 2 accretion ice. Six samples were derived from the glacial, basal, and accretion ice of the 5G ice core (depths of 2,149 m; 3,501 m; 3,520 m; 3,540 m; 3,569 m; and 3,585 m) and prepared through several processes. The RNA and DNA were extracted from ultracentrifugally concentrated meltwater samples. From the extracted RNA, cDNA was synthesized so the samples could be further manipulated. Both the cDNA and the DNA were amplified through polymerase chain reaction. Ion Torrent primers were attached to the DNA and cDNA and then prepared to be sequenced. Following sequencing the sequences were analyzed using BLAST. Python and Biopython were then used to collect more data and organize the data for manual curation and analysis. Chapter 2: As a result of the glacier and its geographic location, Lake Vostok is an extreme and unique environment that is often compared to Jupiter’s ice-covered moon, Europa.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Ecology of Territorial Populations
    Spatial ecology of territorial populations Benjamin G. Weinera, Anna Posfaib, and Ned S. Wingreenc,1 aDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; bSimons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724; and cLewis–Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 Edited by Nigel Goldenfeld, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, and approved July 30, 2019 (received for review July 9, 2019) Many ecosystems, from vegetation to biofilms, are composed of and penalize niche overlap (25), but did not otherwise struc- territorial populations that compete for both nutrients and phys- ture the spatial interactions. All these models allow coexistence ical space. What are the implications of such spatial organization when the combination of spatial segregation and local interac- for biodiversity? To address this question, we developed and ana- tions weakens interspecific competition relative to intraspecifc lyzed a model of territorial resource competition. In the model, competition. However, it remains unclear how such interactions all species obey trade-offs inspired by biophysical constraints on relate to concrete biophysical processes. metabolism; the species occupy nonoverlapping territories, while Here, we study biodiversity in a model where species interact nutrients diffuse in space. We find that the nutrient diffusion through spatial resource competition. We specifically consider time is an important control parameter for both biodiversity and surface-associated populations which exclude each other as they the timescale of population dynamics. Interestingly, fast nutri- compete for territory. This is an appropriate description for ent diffusion allows the populations of some species to fluctuate biofilms, vegetation, and marine ecosystems like mussels (28) or to zero, leading to extinctions.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4: PROKARYOTIC DIVERSITY
    Chapter 4: PROKARYOTIC DIVERSITY 1. Prokaryote Habitats, Relationships & Biomes 2. Proteobacteria 3. Gram-negative and Phototropic Non-Proteobacteria 4. Gram-Positive Bacteria 5. Deeply Branching Bacteria 6. Archaea 1. Prokaryote Habitats, Relationships & Biomes Important Metabolic Terminology Oxygen tolerance/usage: aerobic – requires or can use oxygen (O2) anaerobic – does not require or cannot tolerate O2 Energy usage: phototroph – uses light as an energy source • all photosynthetic organisms chemotroph – acquires energy from organic or inorganic molecules • organotrophs – get energy from organic molecules • lithotrophs – get energy from inorganic molecules …more Important Terminology Carbon Source: autotroph – uses CO2 as a carbon source • e.g., photoautotrophs or chemoautotrophs heterotroph – requires an organic carbon source • e.g., chemoheterotroph – gets energy & carbon from organic molecules Oligotrophs require few nutrients, the opposite of eutrophs or copiotrophs Facultative vs Obligate (or Strict): facultative – “able to, but not requiring” • e.g., facultative anaerobes can survive w/ or w/o O2 obligate – “absolutely requires” • e.g., obligate anaerobes cannot survive in O2 Symbiotic Relationships Symbiotic relationships (close, direct interactions) between different organisms in nature are of several types: • e.g., humans have beneficial bacteria in their digestive tracts that also benefit from the food we eat (mutualism) Microbiomes All the microorganisms that inhabit a particular organism or environment (e.g., human or
    [Show full text]
  • Casamino Acids Slow Motility and Stimulate Surface Growth in an Extreme Oligotroph
    Edinburgh Research Explorer Casamino acids slow motility and stimulate surface growth in an extreme oligotroph Citation for published version: Samuels, T, Pybus, D & Cockell, CS 2019, 'Casamino acids slow motility and stimulate surface growth in an extreme oligotroph', Environmental microbiology reports, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12812 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1111/1758-2229.12812 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Environmental microbiology reports Publisher Rights Statement: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Samuels, T., Pybus, D. and Cockell, C.S. (2019), Casamino acids slow motility and stimulate surface growth in an extreme oligotroph. Environmental Microbiology Reports. doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12812], which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/1758- 2229.12812. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquatic Microbial Ecology 78:51
    Vol. 78: 51–63, 2016 AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY Published online December 15 doi: 10.3354/ame01801 Aquat Microb Ecol Contribution to AME Special 6 ‘SAME 14: progress and perspectives in aquatic microbial ecology’ OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS REVIEW Lifestyles of rarity: understanding heterotrophic strategies to inform the ecology of the microbial rare biosphere Ryan J. Newton1, Ashley Shade2,* 1School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA 2Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA ABSTRACT: There are patterns in the dynamics of rare taxa that lead to hypotheses about their lifestyles. For example, persistently rare taxa may be oligotrophs that are adapted for efficiency in resource-limiting environments, while conditionally rare or blooming taxa may be copiotrophs that are adapted to rapid growth when resources are available. Of course, the trophic strategies of microorganisms have direct ecological implications for their abundances, contributions to commu- nity structure, and role in nutrient turnover. We summarize general frameworks for separately considering rarity and heterotrophy, pulling examples from a variety of ecosystems. We then inte- grate these 2 topics to discuss the technical and conceptual challenges to understanding their pre- cise linkages. Because much has been investigated especially in marine aquatic environments, we finally extend the discussion to lifestyles of rarity for freshwater lakes by offering case studies of Lake Michigan lineages that have rare and prevalent patterns hypothesized to be characteristic of oligotrophs and copiotrophs. To conclude, we suggest moving forward from assigning dichotomies of rarity/prevalence and oligotrophs/copiotrophs towards their more nuanced con- tinua, which can be linked via genomic information and coupled to quantifications of microbial physiologies during cell maintenance and growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Oligotrophy and Pelagic Marine Bacteria: Facts and Fiction
    AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY Published April 10 Aquat Microb Ecol l REVIEW Oligotrophy and pelagic marine bacteria: facts and fiction Frits Schutl, Rudolf A. prins2,*,Jan C. Gottscha12~** 'Microscreen b.v., Zernikepark 8, 9747 AN Groningen, The Netherlands *Department of Microbiology. University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands ABSTRACT: Oligotrophy, or the inability of bacterial cells to propagate at elevated nutrient concentra- tions, is a controversial phenomenon in microbiology. The exact cause of the unculturability of many indigenous marine bacteria on standard laboratory media has still not been resolved. Unfortunately, the physiology of such cells is difficult to investigate as long as high cell density cultures cannot be obtained. An extensive evaluation of experiments relating to oligotrophy and the cultivation of marine bacteria is presented in this review. When incorporating the findings of studies performed with molec- ular biological methods, the picture emerges that indigenous marine bacteria can be cultivated under certain cond~tionsand that the 'ohgotrophic way of life' is a transient characteristic. Although strong generalisations should not be made w~threspect to a biological system as diverse as the world's oceans, it should be anticipated that cells with unique physiological characteristics appear to exist in the oceanic system. When combining conventional physiological approaches with molecular biological techniques it is feasible to unveil the phenotypes that go with the encountered genotypes. In view of the enormous complexity of the oceanic system this will prove an ambitious, yet resourceful under- taking. KEY WORDS Oligotrophy Unculturable bacteria . Uptake kinetlcs . Marine bacteria . Isolation procedures 1. BACTERIA IN THE MARINE FOOD WEB belong to the smallest of all living cells.
    [Show full text]
  • PERSPECTIVE What Is Microbial Community Ecology?
    The ISME Journal (2009) 3, 1223–1230 & 2009 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved 1751-7362/09 $32.00 www.nature.com/ismej PERSPECTIVE What is microbial community ecology? Allan Konopka Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA The activities of complex communities of microbes affect biogeochemical transformations in natural, managed and engineered ecosystems. Meaningfully defining what constitutes a community of interacting microbial populations is not trivial, but is important for rigorous progress in the field. Important elements of research in microbial community ecology include the analysis of functional pathways for nutrient resource and energy flows, mechanistic understanding of interactions between microbial populations and their environment, and the emergent properties of the complex community. Some emergent properties mirror those analyzed by community ecologists who study plants and animals: biological diversity, functional redundancy and system stability. However, because microbes possess mechanisms for the horizontal transfer of genetic information, the metagenome may also be considered as a community property. The ISME Journal (2009) 3, 1223–1230; doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.88; published online 6 August 2009 Keywords: microbial community; functional redundancy; microbial interactions; emergent properties Introduction will deepen our understanding of how ecosystems function. In turn, this understanding may elucidate Analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences from
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Seasonality and Nutrients on Microbial Mat Community Structure and Function
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 123: 207-216. 1995 Published July 20 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Impacts of seasonality and nutrients on microbial mat community structure and function J. Pinckney, H. W. Paerl, M. Fitzpatrick University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell Street. Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, USA ABSTRACT. To understand the mechanisms responsible for seasonal fluctuations in growth and N2 fixation in intertidal microbial mat communties, we quantified seasonal changes in mat community composition, related these changes to die1 and seasonal N2 fixation rates, and evaluated community responses (growth, N2 fixation, composition) to long-term (22 d) nutrient addition bioassays. A tem- perate intertidal cyanobacterial mat community, located in coastal North Carolina, USA, was sampled at monthly intervals for 1 yr (1993-94) to determine changes in community composition. The abun- dances of major phototrophic groups were quantified based on the relative concentrations of taxa- specific photopigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids). The most abundant phototrophs were cyano- bacteria, diatoms, and photosynthetic bacteria. Mat blomass and community composition underwent marked changes on both monthly and seasonal scales and corresponded with seasonal shifts in the dlel patterns of N2 fixation. Diatom biomass increased during periods of low N2 fixation. Nutnent (nitrate and phosphate) addition bioassays indicated that both cyanobacterial and diatom growth were N limited. Cyanobacteria were able to circumvent N llmltation by N2 fixation. The addition of high con- centrations of N (100 ,pM NaNO,) in combination with P (100 ~JMNaH2P04) resulted In an Increase (163'Y") in the relative abundance of diatoms The addition of P alone more than doubled N2 fixation rates and cyanobacterial abundance increased (+34'h) relative to diatoms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Trophic-Dynamic Aspect of Ecology Raymond L. Lindeman
    The Trophic-Dynamic Aspect of Ecology Raymond L. Lindeman Ecology, Vol. 23, No. 4. (Oct., 1942), pp. 399-417. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9658%28194210%2923%3A4%3C399%3ATTAOE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P Ecology is currently published by Ecological Society of America. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/esa.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. http://www.jstor.org Mon Sep 24 13:51:25 2007 THE TROPHIC-DYNAMIC ASPECT OF ECOLOGY RAYMONDL.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultramicrobacteria from Nitrate- and Radionuclide-Contaminated Groundwater
    sustainability Article Ultramicrobacteria from Nitrate- and Radionuclide-Contaminated Groundwater Tamara Nazina 1,2,* , Tamara Babich 1, Nadezhda Kostryukova 1, Diyana Sokolova 1, Ruslan Abdullin 1, Tatyana Tourova 1, Vitaly Kadnikov 3, Andrey Mardanov 3, Nikolai Ravin 3, Denis Grouzdev 3 , Andrey Poltaraus 4, Stepan Kalmykov 5, Alexey Safonov 6, Elena Zakharova 6, Alexander Novikov 2 and Kenji Kato 7 1 Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] (T.B.); [email protected] (N.K.); [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (R.A.); [email protected] (T.T.) 2 V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] 3 Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] (V.K.); [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (N.R.); [email protected] (D.G.) 4 Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] 5 Chemical Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] 6 Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (E.Z.) 7 Faculty of Science, Department of Geosciences, Shizuoka University, 422-8529 Shizuoka, Japan; [email protected]
    [Show full text]