Metabolic Evolution and the Self-Organization of Ecosystems
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The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. -
Consistent Responses of Soil Microbial Communities to Elevated Nutrient Inputs in Grasslands Across the Globe
Consistent responses of soil microbial communities to elevated nutrient inputs in grasslands across the globe Jonathan W. Leffa,b, Stuart E. Jonesc, Suzanne M. Proberd, Albert Barberána, Elizabeth T. Borere, Jennifer L. Firnf, W. Stanley Harpoleg,h,i, Sarah E. Hobbiee, Kirsten S. Hofmockelj, Johannes M. H. Knopsk, Rebecca L. McCulleyl, Kimberly La Pierrem, Anita C. Rischn, Eric W. Seabloomo, Martin Schützn, Christopher Steenbockb, Carly J. Stevensp, and Noah Fierera,b,1 aCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309; bDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309; cDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; dCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and Water Flagship, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia; eDepartment of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108; fSchool of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; gDepartment of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; hGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; iInstitute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; jEcology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011; kSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588; lDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546; mDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; nCommunity Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; oDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108; and pLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom Edited by Peter M. -
Biogeographic Variations of Picophytoplankton in Three Contrasting Seas: the Bay of Bengal, South China Sea and Western Pacific Ocean
Vol. 84: 91–103, 2020 AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY Published online April 9 https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01928 Aquat Microb Ecol OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Biogeographic variations of picophytoplankton in three contrasting seas: the Bay of Bengal, South China Sea and Western Pacific Ocean Yuqiu Wei1, Danyue Huang1, Guicheng Zhang2,3, Yuying Zhao2,3, Jun Sun2,3,* 1Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266200, PR China 2Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China 3Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China ABSTRACT: Marine picophytoplankton are abundant in many oligotrophic oceans, but the known geographical patterns of picophytoplankton are primarily based on small-scale cruises or time- series observations. Here, we conducted a wider survey (5 cruises) in the Bay of Bengal (BOB), South China Sea (SCS) and Western Pacific Ocean (WPO) to better understand the biogeographic variations of picophytoplankton. Prochlorococcus (Pro) were the most abundant picophytoplank- ton (averaging [1.9−3.6] × 104 cells ml−1) across the 3 seas, while average abundances of Syne- chococcus (Syn) and picoeukaryotes (PEuks) were generally 1−2 orders of magnitude lower than Pro. Average abundances of total picophytoplankton were similar between the BOB and SCS (4.7 × 104 cells ml−1), but were close to 2-fold less abundant in the WPO (2.5 × 104 cells ml−1). Pro and Syn accounted for a substantial fraction of total picophytoplankton biomass (70−83%) in the 3 con- trasting seas, indicating the ecological importance of Pro and Syn as primary producers. -
The Trophic-Dynamic Aspect of Ecology Author(S): Raymond L
The Trophic-Dynamic Aspect of Ecology Author(s): Raymond L. Lindeman Reviewed work(s): Source: Ecology, Vol. 23, No. 4 (Oct., 1942), pp. 399-417 Published by: Ecological Society of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1930126 . Accessed: 30/01/2012 10:50 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Ecological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecology. http://www.jstor.org THE TROPHIC-DYNAMIC ASPECT OF ECOLOGY RAYMOND L. LINDEMAN OsbornZoological Laboratory,Yale University Recent progressin the studyof aquatic community. A more "bio-ecological" food-cycle relationships invites a re- species-distributionalapproach would appraisal of certain ecological tenets. recognize both the plants and animals Quantitative productivitydata provide as co-constituentsof restricted"biotic" a basis for enunciating certain trophic communities,such as "plankton com- principles, which, when applied to a munities," "benthic communities,"etc., series of successional stages, shed new in which membersof the living commu- light on the dynamics of ecological nity "co-act" with each other and "re- succession. act" with the non-livingenvironment (Clementsand Shelford,'39; Carpenter, "COMMUNITY" CONCEPTS '39, '40; T. Park, '41). -
Directed Isolation of Prochlorococcus
Directed isolation of Prochlorococcus Selected tools for the Prochlorococcus model system Berube PM*, Becker JW*, Biller SJ, Coe AC, Cubillos-Ruiz A, Ding H, Kelly L, Thompson JW, Chisholm SW Sampling within the euphotic * co-presenters Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA zone of oligotrophic ocean regions • Depth specific targeting of Prochlorococcus ecotypes Isolation and characterization of vesicles from marine bacteria • Utilization of ecotype abundance data from time-series Density measurements when available 0.2 µm TFF Pellet by Obtain final gradient Tips for optimal vesicle preparations filter concentration ultracentrifugation sample purification Keep TFF feed pressure < 10 psi at all times Low-light adapted Prochlorococcus populations when concentrating samples. are underrepresented in culture collections Total Prochlorococcus (Flow Cytometry) Ecotype Counts / Flow Cytometry Counts Vesicle pellets are usually colorless, but don’t 0 6 0 6 5 4 worry, it’ll be there! 50 50 100 4 100 2 3 0 150 150 Depth [m] 2 Depth [m] -2 Resuspension of vesicles by gentle manual 200 log cells/mL 200 1 -4 Prochlorococcus Vesicle Other media components 250 250 pipetting works best; keep resuspension 0 -6 log2 ratio (ecotype/FCM) volumes to an absolute minimum. 100 W 90 W 80 W 70W 100 W 90 W 80 W 70W Pre-filtration of Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF) TEM of purified Prochlorococcus Culture Prochlorococcus vesicles Field samples require careful collection of Targeting of low-light adapted Prochlorococcus smaller density gradient fractions -
Nanosims Single Cell Analyses Reveal the Contrasting Nitrogen Sources for Small Phytoplankton
The ISME Journal (2019) 13:651–662 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0285-8 ARTICLE NanoSIMS single cell analyses reveal the contrasting nitrogen sources for small phytoplankton 1 2 1 1 3 Hugo Berthelot ● Solange Duhamel ● Stéphane L’Helguen ● Jean-Francois Maguer ● Seaver Wang ● 4,5 1,3 Ivona Cetinić ● Nicolas Cassar Received: 14 April 2018 / Revised: 9 July 2018 / Accepted: 8 September 2018 / Published online: 15 October 2018 © International Society for Microbial Ecology 2018 Abstract Nitrogen (N) is a limiting nutrient in vast regions of the world’s oceans, yet the sources of N available to various phytoplankton groups remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated inorganic carbon (C) fixation rates and nitrate − + (NO3 ), ammonium (NH4 ) and urea uptake rates at the single cell level in photosynthetic pico-eukaryotes (PPE) and the cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. To that end, we used dual 15N and 13C-labeled incubation assays coupled to flow cytometry cell sorting and nanoSIMS analysis on samples collected in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) and in the California Current System (CCS). Based on these analyses, we found that photosynthetic growth rates fi 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: (based on C xation) of PPE were higher in the CCS than in the NSPG, while the opposite was observed for + Prochlorococcus. Reduced forms of N (NH4 and urea) accounted for the majority of N acquisition for all the groups − studied. NO3 represented a reduced fraction of total N uptake in all groups but was higher in PPE (17.4 ± 11.2% on average) than in Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus (4.5 ± 6.5 and 2.9 ± 2.1% on average, respectively). -
(Antarctica) Glacial, Basal, and Accretion Ice
CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANISMS IN VOSTOK (ANTARCTICA) GLACIAL, BASAL, AND ACCRETION ICE Colby J. Gura A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2019 Committee: Scott O. Rogers, Advisor Helen Michaels Paul Morris © 2019 Colby Gura All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Scott O. Rogers, Advisor Chapter 1: Lake Vostok is named for the nearby Vostok Station located at 78°28’S, 106°48’E and at an elevation of 3,488 m. The lake is covered by a glacier that is approximately 4 km thick and comprised of 4 different types of ice: meteoric, basal, type 1 accretion ice, and type 2 accretion ice. Six samples were derived from the glacial, basal, and accretion ice of the 5G ice core (depths of 2,149 m; 3,501 m; 3,520 m; 3,540 m; 3,569 m; and 3,585 m) and prepared through several processes. The RNA and DNA were extracted from ultracentrifugally concentrated meltwater samples. From the extracted RNA, cDNA was synthesized so the samples could be further manipulated. Both the cDNA and the DNA were amplified through polymerase chain reaction. Ion Torrent primers were attached to the DNA and cDNA and then prepared to be sequenced. Following sequencing the sequences were analyzed using BLAST. Python and Biopython were then used to collect more data and organize the data for manual curation and analysis. Chapter 2: As a result of the glacier and its geographic location, Lake Vostok is an extreme and unique environment that is often compared to Jupiter’s ice-covered moon, Europa. -
Spatial Ecology of Territorial Populations
Spatial ecology of territorial populations Benjamin G. Weinera, Anna Posfaib, and Ned S. Wingreenc,1 aDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; bSimons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724; and cLewis–Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 Edited by Nigel Goldenfeld, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, and approved July 30, 2019 (received for review July 9, 2019) Many ecosystems, from vegetation to biofilms, are composed of and penalize niche overlap (25), but did not otherwise struc- territorial populations that compete for both nutrients and phys- ture the spatial interactions. All these models allow coexistence ical space. What are the implications of such spatial organization when the combination of spatial segregation and local interac- for biodiversity? To address this question, we developed and ana- tions weakens interspecific competition relative to intraspecifc lyzed a model of territorial resource competition. In the model, competition. However, it remains unclear how such interactions all species obey trade-offs inspired by biophysical constraints on relate to concrete biophysical processes. metabolism; the species occupy nonoverlapping territories, while Here, we study biodiversity in a model where species interact nutrients diffuse in space. We find that the nutrient diffusion through spatial resource competition. We specifically consider time is an important control parameter for both biodiversity and surface-associated populations which exclude each other as they the timescale of population dynamics. Interestingly, fast nutri- compete for territory. This is an appropriate description for ent diffusion allows the populations of some species to fluctuate biofilms, vegetation, and marine ecosystems like mussels (28) or to zero, leading to extinctions. -
A Genomic Journey Through a Genus of Large DNA Viruses
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Virology Papers Virology, Nebraska Center for 2013 Towards defining the chloroviruses: a genomic journey through a genus of large DNA viruses Adrien Jeanniard Aix-Marseille Université David D. Dunigan University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] James Gurnon University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Irina V. Agarkova University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Ming Kang University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/virologypub Part of the Biological Phenomena, Cell Phenomena, and Immunity Commons, Cell and Developmental Biology Commons, Genetics and Genomics Commons, Infectious Disease Commons, Medical Immunology Commons, Medical Pathology Commons, and the Virology Commons Jeanniard, Adrien; Dunigan, David D.; Gurnon, James; Agarkova, Irina V.; Kang, Ming; Vitek, Jason; Duncan, Garry; McClung, O William; Larsen, Megan; Claverie, Jean-Michel; Van Etten, James L.; and Blanc, Guillaume, "Towards defining the chloroviruses: a genomic journey through a genus of large DNA viruses" (2013). Virology Papers. 245. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/virologypub/245 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Virology, Nebraska Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Virology Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Adrien Jeanniard, David D. Dunigan, James Gurnon, Irina V. Agarkova, Ming Kang, Jason Vitek, Garry Duncan, O William McClung, Megan Larsen, Jean-Michel Claverie, James L. Van Etten, and Guillaume Blanc This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ virologypub/245 Jeanniard, Dunigan, Gurnon, Agarkova, Kang, Vitek, Duncan, McClung, Larsen, Claverie, Van Etten & Blanc in BMC Genomics (2013) 14. -
Targeted Metagenomics and Ecology of Globally Important Uncultured Eukaryotic Phytoplankton
Targeted metagenomics and ecology of globally important uncultured eukaryotic phytoplankton Marie L. Cuveliera,b, Andrew E. Allenc,1, Adam Moniera,1, John P. McCrowc, Monique Messiéa, Susannah G. Tringed, Tanja Woyked, Rory M. Welsha, Thomas Ishoeyc, Jae-Hyeok Leee, Brian J. Binderf, Chris L. DuPontc, Mikel Latasag, Cédric Guigandb, Kurt R. Bucka, Jason Hiltonb, Mathangi Thiagarajanc, Elisabet Calerc, Betsy Readh, Roger S. Laskenc, Francisco P. Chaveza, and Alexandra Z. Wordena,b,2 aMonterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039; bRosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL 33149; cJ. Craig Venter Institute, San Diego, CA 92121; dUS Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598; eDepartment of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130; fDepartment of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 36072; gInstitut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain; and hDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University, San Marcos, CA 92096 Edited by David Karl, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, and approved June 21, 2010 (received for review February 18, 2010) Among eukaryotes, four major phytoplankton lineages are respon- Oceanic prymnesiophytes are thought to be small owing to high sible for marine photosynthesis; prymnesiophytes, alveolates, stra- levels of prymnesiophyte-indicative pigments in regions where menopiles, and prasinophytes. Contributions by individual taxa, most Chl a (representing all phytoplankton combined) is in the however, are not well known, and genomes have been analyzed <2-μm size fraction (6, 12). Six picoplanktonic prymnesiophytes from only the latter two lineages. Tiny “picoplanktonic” members of exist in culture (6, 7) but prymnesiophyte 18S rDNA sequences the prymnesiophyte lineage have long been inferred to be ecolog- from <2–3-μm size-fractioned environmental samples typically ically important but remain poorly characterized. -
Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and Picoeukaryotic Phytoplankton Abundance Climatology in the Global Ocean from Quantitative Niche Models
Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotic phytoplankton abundance climatology in the global ocean from quantitative niche models. Website: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/811147 Data Type: model results Version: 1 Version Date: 2020-05-11 Project » Convergence: RAISE: Linking the adaptive dynamics of plankton with emergent global ocean biogeochemistry (Ocean_Stoichiometry) Contributors Affiliation Role Martiny, Adam University of California-Irvine (UC Irvine) Principal Investigator Flombaum, Pedro Universidad de Buenos Aires Co-Principal Investigator Visintini, Natalia Universidad de Buenos Aires Student, Contact Biddle, Mathew Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) BCO-DMO Data Manager Abstract Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotic phytoplankton estimated mean cell abundance (cells/ml) in 1-degree grids for 25 layers from 0m to 200 m depth. Cell abundance was estimated with quantitative niche models for each lineage (Flombaum et al., 2013; Flombaum et al., 2020), inputs from the monthly mean of temperature and nitrate from the World Ocean Atlas, and PAR from MODIS-Aqua Level-3 Mapped Photosynthetically Available Radiation Data Version 2018. Table of Contents Coverage Dataset Description Acquisition Description Processing Description Data Files Related Publications Related Datasets Parameters Project Information Funding Coverage Spatial Extent: N:89.5 E:179.5 S:-77.5 W:-179.5 Dataset Description Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotic phytoplankton estimated mean cell abundance (cells/ml) in 1-degree grids for 25 layers from 0m to 200 m depth. Cell abundance was estimated with quantitative niche models for each lineage (Flombaum et al., 2013; Flombaum et al., 2020), inputs from the monthly mean of temperature and nitrate from the World Ocean Atlas (Boyer et al. -
Chapter 4: PROKARYOTIC DIVERSITY
Chapter 4: PROKARYOTIC DIVERSITY 1. Prokaryote Habitats, Relationships & Biomes 2. Proteobacteria 3. Gram-negative and Phototropic Non-Proteobacteria 4. Gram-Positive Bacteria 5. Deeply Branching Bacteria 6. Archaea 1. Prokaryote Habitats, Relationships & Biomes Important Metabolic Terminology Oxygen tolerance/usage: aerobic – requires or can use oxygen (O2) anaerobic – does not require or cannot tolerate O2 Energy usage: phototroph – uses light as an energy source • all photosynthetic organisms chemotroph – acquires energy from organic or inorganic molecules • organotrophs – get energy from organic molecules • lithotrophs – get energy from inorganic molecules …more Important Terminology Carbon Source: autotroph – uses CO2 as a carbon source • e.g., photoautotrophs or chemoautotrophs heterotroph – requires an organic carbon source • e.g., chemoheterotroph – gets energy & carbon from organic molecules Oligotrophs require few nutrients, the opposite of eutrophs or copiotrophs Facultative vs Obligate (or Strict): facultative – “able to, but not requiring” • e.g., facultative anaerobes can survive w/ or w/o O2 obligate – “absolutely requires” • e.g., obligate anaerobes cannot survive in O2 Symbiotic Relationships Symbiotic relationships (close, direct interactions) between different organisms in nature are of several types: • e.g., humans have beneficial bacteria in their digestive tracts that also benefit from the food we eat (mutualism) Microbiomes All the microorganisms that inhabit a particular organism or environment (e.g., human or