The Hoff Family: Master Clock- Makers of Lancaster Borough
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The Hoff Family: Master Clock- makers of Lancaster Borough by Stacy B. C. Wood, Jr. On August 24, 1765, Johann Georg Hoff, his wife and their two- year-old daughter arrived in Philadelphia after a voyage across the At- lantic on the ship "Polly."1 He was not the first Hoff to arrive in Phila- delphia or, for that matter, in Lancaster. His relationship to his prede- cessors is unknown. Where the family settled initially is also unknown, although it is quite possible that they spent their first years in the Colo- nies in the Philadelphia vicinity, perhaps while he served an indenture to pay for the voyage. In any case, he did not settle immediately in Lan- caster, for it was not until 1769 2 that the name that was to become the best known of the outstanding Lancaster clockmakers appeared in the official records of Lancaster County. On December 30, 1769 George Hoff, as Johann Georg Hoff became known, purchased a house and half lot on the north side of Lancaster's King Street from Adam Simon Kuhn and William Bausman. 3 This is the first evidence of Hoff's ownership of property in the County. Rudy Stoner (1728-1769), the borough's first recorded clockmaker, 4 had died on April fifth. Abrum Laroy (Abraham LeRoy), who had apparently settled in Lancaster in 1756, had died three years earlier and his clock- making son-in-law, Wilton Atkinson, apparently did not enter the trade until 1770. John Eberman, Jr. (1749-1835) would not be free to go into business until 1722. It is therefore quite possible that Hoff had been invited to come to Lancaster and assume the duties of Borough and county seat clockmaker: in fact, Hoff did assume the care of the Court House clock in 1770P He continued this duty until relieved by John Eberman, Jr. in 1772.6 Through 1780 Hoff and Eberman pretty much controlled clockmaking in the Borough, Atkinson's output being fairly limited. Who was this Hoff? JOHN GEORGE HOFF John George Hoff, son of John Sebastian Hoff, had been born on October 22, 1733 in the small German city of Westerburg in Hesse-Cassel.7 He had moved to Grunstadt in Pfalz when he was a young man and there had learned the trade of clockmaker and jeweler from George Schnertzel.8 On May 26, 1761 he married Schnertzer's daught- er, Justina Margaretha (1743-1806).9 Thus, when he arrived in Lancas- ter at the age of thirty-six, he was an experienced clockmaker. Mention has already been made of one of the Hoff children. Four- teen were to be born to George and Justina. Their first born, Carolina Augusta, had died in 1762 at the age of only eight days. Catharine Juli- anna (1763-1839) had accompanied them on the voyage. A third daugh- ter, apparently unnamed, died on the voyage during her sixth week of life. The first child born to them in the Colonies was also their first son, George Michael (1766-1810). Another daughter, Susanna Margaret, was born in 1768. The fact that the names of both of these children do not appear in the birth and baptismal records of the Evangelical Luther- an Church of the Holy Trinity (consecrated May 4, 1766) as do the names of the following children, tends to reinforce the assumption that the Hoffs were still not in Lancaster. The absence of Hoff's name from the county tax lists is further evidence. Other children, in chronological order, were: Margaret (1770-1771); Mary Magdalen (b. 1772); Eliza- beth (1774-1854); John (1776-1818), a famous clockmaker in his own right; Valentine (1779-1812); Justina Margaret (1781-1781); John George (1782-1782); John Jacob (b. 1784), a watchmaker; and John George (1788-1822), the third son to follow in the trade. Records of Lancaster's historic Trinity Lutheran Church indicate that George (Sr.) served as warden during the years 1773-1775 and as elder from 1776 to 1785. In 1776 we find that he was serving as a pri- vate in the Jasper Yeates Company of the Militia of Colonel Mathias Slough's Battalion of Associates that was "destined for the Jerseys." 10 Just how long Hoff stayed with the Battalion is not known, but we do know that in 1778 he was elected as an assistant to the burgesses of the Borough. He was reelected in 1779 and again in 1785. 11 Hoff also was a long-time member of the Friendship Fire Company.12 The Hoff family lived in a three story, 23' x 28' brick ana stone house.13 on the north side of West King Street, one door west of the "Red Lion" inn (later known as the Cooper House). The site is now a parking lot. In the back was a 17' x 24' single story stone building ad- joining the main house. There was also a single story brick kitchen (9' x 16') and a one story frame stable (17' x 24'). In January, 1801, Hoff of- fered for sale another house and half lot. 14 This was located on Queen Street and bordered by property of a Joachim Nagel and M. Feuno. Hoff's will" indicates that he also owned two lots in the southern part of the borough that was known as Musser Town, and certain back lands that he owned in partnership with a John Miller. Circa 1783, Hoff's daughter Catharine Julianna married Frederick Heisely. Heisely is believed to have been one of Hoff's former appren-• tices. The Heiselys moved to Fredericktown, Maryland, but in 1796 the following announcement appeared in the January twenty-second issue of the Lancaster Journal: GEORGE HOFF & FREDERICK HEISELY INFORM their friends and the public in general that the Clock & Watch- maker's Shop, between the Courthouse and the jail, formerly kept by George Hoff only, is now carried on by Hoff & Heisely, jointly, who now make in ad- dition to what was usually made in said shop, all kinds of Surveyor's Instru- ments, such as Land Compasses of different kinds and sizes, Chains, Scales of any demension; Protracters, of different sizes and forms; best steel- pointed Dividers; stiff and jointed Draw-Pens, &c. &c. Said Heisely has carried on the Instrument making business, in Fred- ericktown, in Maryland, upwards of ten years with great success. His Instru- ments are scattered from one extremity of the state of Maryland to the other, as well as through Virginia and Kentucky, and are universally approved of. He flatters himself to meet with equal success in that line. Hoff and Heisely hope, by their strict attention to both branches of busi- ness, as heretofore, to merit the patronage of a generous public.16 It is curious that no mention was made of Heisely's skills as a clock- maker, for he is credited with making the Fredericktown town clock (now in the Smithsonian Institution), and he later became known as a clockmaker in Harrisburg. The partnership was ill-fated for in the November 18 issue of the Lancaster Journal of the same year Heisely placed the following notice: THE Partnership of Hoff & Heisely being dissolved, the subscriber begs leave to inform his friends, and the public in general, that he has removed to the house formerly occupied by the Editor of the Lancaster Journal, and op- posite to the Post and Printing Office of Mr Hamilton where he intends carry- ing on the Clockmaking business in all branches, and repairing watches in the neatest and best manner, and on the most reasonable terms. He also makes, as heretofore, all kinds of Surveyors' Instruments. He hopes, by his strict attention to business, and constant indeavours to please, to merit the future custom of his old friends, and the public in general. He expects a few elegant Silver Watches, which he intends to sell at the most reduced prices.17 No prime source has been uncovered to verify the commonly held belief that Heisely had been apprenticed to Hoff or that he had been a journeyman to him. The unusual design, by English standards, of the Hoff clock movements has also led some horologists to conclude that such clockmakers as Jacob Godschalk (d. 1782), Griffith Owen (b. circa 1757), Joseph Gorgas (b. 1770), John Fessler (at work circa 1770-1820), and others had been apprenticed to Hoff. Once again, no primary Figure 2. George Hoff (Sr.) 30-hour move- ment. (Collection of the Pennsylvania Museum, Ephrata Cloisters; Photo by Stephen E. Kramer, HI) Figure 3. George Hoff (Sr.) iron and pewter dial of a 30-hour move- ment. (Collection of the Pennsylvania Farm Museum of Landis Valley; Photo by Ste- phen E. Kramer, HI) sources have verified this. Apprentices were not listed in the tax records and these individuals predate the census. The only indenture paper of a Lancaster County clockmaker known to have survived is that of John Erb, apprentice to Joseph Bowman, and even the original copy's present ownership is unknown. On April 16, 1806 Hoff's wife died. On January 5th of the next year son John bought the house and property on West King Street 18 and on March 27th John had moved to "the old stand of his father. "19 George continued to live there, now an "inmate" (tenant) to his son.20 By now, at 73, he was, in his own words, "sick and weak in body.' It is doubtful that he made many clocks after this time and evidence has not turned up that would indicate any sort of partnership having been formed between father and son.