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Traditional Procedures of Environmental Vision Bugis Architecture Bulding Materials in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Traditional Procedures of Environmental Vision Bugis Architecture Bulding Materials in South Sulawesi, Indonesia International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2018, pp. 432–442, Article ID: IJCIET_09_11_043 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=10 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed TRADITIONAL PROCEDURES OF ENVIRONMENTAL VISION BUGIS ARCHITECTURE BULDING MATERIALS IN SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA (BASED ON LONTARA AND OPINIONS BY PANRITA BOLA AS THE ARCHITECTS OF BUGIS TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE) Syarif, Afifah Harizah and Moh Mohsen Sir Theoritical Labo, Architecture History and Behavioral Environment, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Ananto Yudono Labo Planning and Designing Labo, Departement of PWK, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia ABSTRACT This research aims to identify meanings of the environmental vision Bugis architecture building materials. The research method is descriptive and explorative qualitative methods; data collection techniques were unstructured interview to interviewees (panritabola as Bugis traditional building architects) as the primary data and lontara manuscript as the secondary data; as well as incidental and purposive sampling techniques. Results of the analysis indicate that selection of Bugis traditional architecture buildings are conducted in a natural manner based on lontara and traditional knowledge by panrita bola, based on high quality control, for example there are no building materials that have been struct by lighting, have been twisted by vines plant, have been rubbed by its branch at the time of growing in the forest and others. All of which are by considering on ‘meanings’ and structural ‘power’ of the materials, based on opinions or traditional knowledge given by panrita bola, as Bugis traditional architecture architects. Keywords: Material buildings, Bugis Traditional Architecture, Panrita Bola http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 432 [email protected] Traditional Procedures of Environmental Vision Bugis Architecture Bulding Materials in South Sulawesi, Indonesia (Based on Lontara and Opinions by Panrita Bola as the Architects of Bugis Traditional Architecture) Cite this Article: Syarif, Ananto Yudono, Afifah Harizah and Moh Mohsen Sir, Traditional Procedures of Environmental Vision Bugis Architecture Bulding Materials in South Sulawesi, Indonesia (Based on Lontara and Opinions by Panrita Bola as the Architects of Bugis Traditional Architecture), International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(11), 2018, pp. 432–442. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=9&Issue=11 1. INTRODUCTION There are many models and forms inhabited by various ethnic groups; each of which has distinguished forms and characteristics as well as unique value as the reflection of their culture. The values create more meanings for its inhabitation environment. Each house is inhabited and has its own image, and characterizes mental and spirit of each ethnic group as its builder. House does not only serve as a dwelling place, but also has symbolic values for its owners. Physical performance of the house and its environment reflects the “owner”. Existence of the traditional houses is back grounded by traditional norms, cultural habits, spirituality, including selectivity of building materials to be used. According to Robinson (2005) variations of house styles in each region reflects that the houses are built from any available local materials; old houses reflect the use of extensive materials such as big woods or bamboos. In selecting building materials, it is based on traditional knowledge; this is caused by cosmogony trust from ancient mythology, so that the trust concept always bases each of their life step and move that they take wherever they are and they live. Bugis community gives great respect at their inhabitation buildings; houses are parts of their life so that owning stilt house serves as life symbolization and ability as well as establishment. According to Christina et.al. (2014) they stated that long-lasting buildings depend on natural resources, and dialogical inclusive culture with newness as well as era taste. Architecture as a cultural product is a great past work with intensive ‘dialogue’ with its community as the owner and surrounding natural environment giving supports throughout the history period until the current era. And then,Shima (2006) described that traditional house is a product of evolution process, based on human empirical experiences in the past in the interaction with nature. So that it can be considered as a reflection of traditional community mindset and life pattern in the past; it certainly presents many lessons about wisdom in the interaction with natural environment. This activity can be seen in Hinduism cosmology ideas. There are many written events, but the practices, carpenters have been understood about these events (Waterson,1990). And then, Hamzahet.al (1984)described that many Bugis people before building houses, they would previously examine the woods to be used as the house composition. The house composition must be free from any attacks; lasoanging (windstorm), anreapi (fire), nakennaoling / lette (struck from lightning), nanoriwuju’(corpse), and all of which are regulated and determined by a house expert called as “panrita bola”. Based on the description above, there are ‘sacred’ values used as the basic of selection procedures of Bugis traditional building materials, based on thoughts and logics though their knowledge level is still categorized in traditional knowledge. The existence of panrita bolaas an architect of Bugis traditional house, serves as the ‘qualitycontrol’in selecting Bugis traditional building materials. Selection procedure of building materials is part of local wisdom values of Bugis traditional architecture. Then it is necessary to conduct a study of “exploration” about selection principles or procedures of Bugis traditional building materials. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 433 [email protected] Syarif, Ananto Yudono, Afifah Harizah and Moh Mohsen Sir It is necessary to understand the local wisdom on the material selection principles, that are still known and trusted by South Sulawesi community; particularly for those are living in remote areas and familiar to stilt inhabitation environment. And for clearer description, then the problem formulations are as follow: 1. It is yet explained about the traditional selection procedure of environmental vision Bugis architectural building materials that are. 2. It is yet referred to the principles of symbolic value content-philosophical Bugis architectural building materials. Based on the above problems, the authors will focus on examining the traditional selection principles or procedures of Bugis architecture building materials; and will be confirmed in the forms of research questions as follows: 1. How is the traditional procedure of selecting building materials in Bugis architecture buildings. 2. What are the content principles of the symbolic-philosophical value meaning of Bugis architecture building materials; This study aims to find out the selection principles of Bugis architectural building material; and the linkage of local wisdom values owned and understood by panrita bola and panre bola. The benefits of this research are to preserve local wisdom values in the selection of Bugis architectural building materials, owned by Bugis community; (panrita bola and panre bola); and document in the research report. 2. RESEARCH METHODS According to Sugiyono (2014), qualitative method can be used to understand meanings behind visible data. Then the life historical development of a society will be traced through descriptive and explorative qualitative methods, using documentary data or manuscripts. Qualitative research methods are often called as naturalistic research methods, because the research is done on natural settings. Data collection technique is purposive incidental sampling, source of primary data is from interviewees, panrita bola and panre bola; while the secondary data is obtained from lontara manuscripts and literature. The data analysis process of qualitative research begins by examining all available data from various sources; namely from interview with panrita bola and panre bola, field observations written in the log books, official documents, personal documents (lontara manuscripts), pictures, photos and others. 3. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 3.1. Research Location The research location was conducted in Soppeng Sub district (figure 1), as one of the centres of Bugis tribe community in South Sulawesi province. The number of population in 2013 census was 225.512 people (101.111 male and 119.401 female). The area of Soppengsub district is 1.359,44 km2. Population residential is only centred in Watansoppeng city but also distributes until remote areas and environment, the comparison of stilt buildings (Bugis Traditional house) and non-stilt (walled-house) is 90% stilt house and 10% non-stilt house (9 : 1) http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 434 [email protected] Traditional Procedures of Environmental Vision Bugis Architecture Bulding Materials in South Sulawesi, Indonesia (Based on Lontara and Opinions by Panrita Bola as the Architects of Bugis Traditional Architecture) Figure 1 Soppeng Sub district Map, (a) Map of the Republic of Indonesia, (b) Map of Sulawesi Island, (c) Map of Soppeng sub district (Source: Office of Spatial Department of Soppeng
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