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Biennial Report of the Eugenics Board of North Carolina

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Biennial Report of the Eugenics Board of North Carolina NORTH CAROLINA HISTORY OF HEALTH DIGITAL COLLECTION Biennial Report of the Eugenics Board of North Carolina Volume 11 (July 1954 – June 1956) DOCUMENT NO. NCHH-08-011 || http://hsl.lib.unc.edu/specialcollections/nchealthhistory || This item is part of the North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection. Some materials in the Collection are protected by U.S. copyright law. This item is presented by the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for research and educational purposes. It may not be republished or distributed without permission of the Health Sciences Library. The North Carolina History of Health Digital Collection is an open access publishing initiative of the Health Sciences Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Financial support for the initiative was provided in part by a multi-year NC ECHO (Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) digitization grant, awarded by the State Library of North Carolina, and funded through the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA). For more information about the collection, or to search other volumes, please visit: || http://hsl.lib.unc.edu/specialcollections/nchealthhistory || Biennial Report OF The Euj^enics Board of North Carolina JULY 1, 1954 TO JUNE 30, 1956 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Membership, Eugenics Board of North Carolina 4 Letter of Transmittal 5 Introduction 7 Developments During Biennium 7 Program Statistics 8 Financial Report of Eugenics Board 11 Statistical Report on Eugenical Sterilizations (Table 1 — 10) 13 Table 1. Operations Performed by Type of Operation and origin of Petition, July 1954 - June 1956 14 Table 2. Cases Handled by Fiscal Year, July 1954-June 1956 14 Table 3. Operations Performed by Length of Time Between Authori- zation and Operation, July 1954 — June 1955 15 Table 4. State Institutional Operations by institution, Type of operation, and Fiscal Year, July 1954-June 1956 15 Table 5. State Institutional Operations Authorized and Performed, by County of Residence, July 1954-June 1956 16 Table 6. Non-Institutional Operations Authorized and Performed, by County of Residence, July 1954-June 1956 18 Table 7. Operations Performed by Type of Operation and Race, July 1954 - June 1956 20 Table 8. Type of Operation Performed by Age and Sex of Person, July 1954-June 1956 20 Table 9. Operations Performed by Type of Diagnosis, Source of Petition and Marital Status, July 1954- June 1956 21 Table 10. Individuals Having Children Prior to Sterilization, by Marital Status and Number of Children, July 1954-June 1956 21 Historical Data on Eugenical Sterilization in North Carolina (Table 11-18) 23 Table 11. Cas3s Handled by Biennial Periods- July 1933-June 1956 25 Table 12. Operations Performed Annually by Sex and Type of Operation, July 1929 -June 1956 26 Table 13. State Institutional Operations Performed Annually by Sex and Type of Operation, July 1929 -June 1956 27 Table 14. Non-Institutional Operations Performed Annually by Sex and Type of Operation, July 1929 -June 1956 28 Table 15. State Institutional Operations by Institution, Sex, and Type of Operation, July 1929- June 1956 29 Table 16. Operations Performed by Type of Operation and Race July 1929 -June 1956 30 Table 17. Type of Operation Performed by Age and Sex of Person, July 1929 -June 1956 30 Table 18. Operations Performed by Type of Diagnosis, Source of Petition and Marital Status, July 1929 - June 1956 31 EUGENICS BOARD OF NORTH CAROLINA Ellen Winston, Ph. D., Commissioner of Public Welfare, Chairman J. W. R. Norton, M. D., State Health Officer George B. PaTTON, Attorney General of North Carolina Walter A. SiKES, M. D., Superintendent, State Hospital, Raleigh M. M. VITOLS, M. D., Acting Superintendent, State Hospital, Goldsboro Ethel SPEAS, Executive Secretary LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL To his Excellency, LUTHER H. HODGES Governor of North Carolina Dear Sir: I have the honor of submitting herewith the report of the Eugenics Board of North Carolina for the biennial period dating from July 1, 1954 through June 30, 1956. Sincerely yours, Chai rman INTRODUCTION The North Carolina sterilization law provides specifically for the sterilization of three types of cases under authorization of the Eugenics Board: (1) feebleminded, (2) epileptic, and (3) mentally diseased persons. These persons may be sterilized when it is shown that: (1) An operation would be for the best interest of the person con- cerned; (2) An operation would be for the public good; or when (3) A child or children might be born who would have a tendency to serious mental or nervous disease or deficiency. The heads of state institutions and county superintendents of public welfare are designated by law to institute sterilization proceedings by filing petitions with the Eugenics Board. The petition presented *o the Eugenics Board from either one of these sources gives pertinent physical, psychological, psychiatric, and social information relating to the individual for whom the petition is filed. The purpose of these data is to establish one of the three diag- noses as specified in the law and to set forth the other factors that have entered into the decision for the petition to be submitted. The law provides for both a hearing before the Eugenics Board and the right of appeal to the Superior Court. DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE BIENNIUM The Eugenics Board has held regular monthly meetings. Special meetings have been held when the circumstances in the individual case called for immediate action. In addition to the technical phases of the work, the Eugenics Board has sponsored a broad educational program. This program has placed emphasis on bringing about the joint efforts of State institutions, wel- fare and health departments, together with the close cooperation of private physicians, nurses, and voluntary agencies, to carry out the purpose of the sterilization law. Effort has also been directed toward developing a well informed citizenry with respect to the meaning and value of sterilization to the individual. 1 Article 1 , Chapter 35 of the General Statutes, Session 1933 8 Biennial Report of The Eugenics Board of North Carolina As a part of the educational program, the Executive Secretary visited thirty county welfare departments during the biennium to discuss the program. In most instances the staff of the local health departments met jointly with the welfare staffs for these discussions. Meetings were held with the gynecology and obstetrical staffs of both Duke and Memorial Hospitals. Staff meetings were attended at the State Hospitals and the State school for mentally deficient. Discussions were held with the public health supervising nurses and with the field staff of the State Board of Public Welfare. Help was given in a number of instances on request to individuals who wanted to make talks on the program. Educational material was furnished in connection with nurses' training courses. The pamphlet "Steril ization - the North Carolina Program" was issued with 5,200 copies distributed. In cooperation with the State Medical Society 3,200 copies were sent to the physicians of the State. Duke, Memorial, and Bowman Gray Hospitals distributed quantities of these pamphlets to medical students. Among other groups in the State to receive the pamphlet were welfare, health, and education depart- ments, schools of nursing, State hospitals. State training schools, clerks of court, libraries, ministers, and various individuals. A number of these pamphlets were also sent to other states. The Eugenics Board is a member of the North Carolina Healtli Council and the State Mental Health Council and has been represented regularly at the meetings of each. In closing out this biennium, the Eugenics Board extends its appreci- ation to the State institutions, the welfare departments, and the many other groups and individuals who have cooperated in promoting the program. PROGRAM STATISTICS During the biennium 657 petitions were presented to the Eugenics Board for review. Operations were authorized in 634 cases, amounting to 96.5 per cent of the petitions. There were 556 operations performed, or 87.7 per cent of the operations authorized. However, some of the operations performed had been authorized in the previous biennium, and some of the operations authorized during the 1954-56 biennium could not be performed until the following biennium. Of the 556 operations, 425 — or 76.4 per cent— were performed upon women and 131 were performed upon men. In the previous biennium only 16.8 per cent of the persons having operations were men, as com- pared with 23.6 per cent during the 1954-56 biennium. This reflects an increasing awareness of the fact that eugenical sterilizations are likely Biennial Report of The Eugenics Board of North Carolina 9 to be equally as beneficial in the cases of men who meet the criteria established by law as among women. However, the institutional opera- tions account for a large proportion of the operations upon men; 65.6 per cent of the operations upon men originated in State institutions, while only 32.9 per cent of the operations performed upon women origi- nated there. Operations for asexualization are rarely ordered by the Eugenics Board. Only three were performed during the biennium — one castration and two ovariectomies. Two hundred twenty-six operations performed were for patients of State institutions: 110 at the State Hospital at Morganton, 90 at Cas- well Training School, 18 at the State Hospital at Goldsboro, and 8 at the State Hospital at Raleigh. There were none for patients at the State Hospital at Butner. The remaining 330 persons having the opera- tions were non-institutional; petitions for their operations originated in county departments of public welfare. The 397 non-institutional operations authorized resulted from petitions received from 82 of the 100 counties of the State. The 330 non-insti- tutional operations were performed for 75 different counties. Counties with the highest numbers of non-institutional operations performed during the biennium were Mecklenburg — 29 operations, Moore— 18, Anson- 16, Pitt- 11, and Franklin- 10.
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