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The Sugarcane Delphacid (Homoptera: Delphacidae) Extends Its North American Range Into Louisiana Author(S): W

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The Sugarcane Delphacid (Homoptera: Delphacidae) Extends Its North American Range Into Louisiana Author(S): W The Sugarcane Delphacid (Homoptera: Delphacidae) Extends Its North American Range into Louisiana Author(s): W. H. White, T. E. Reagan and O. Sosa, Jr. Source: The Florida Entomologist, Vol. 78, No. 4 (Dec., 1995), pp. 617-619 Published by: Florida Entomological Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3496050 . Accessed: 03/09/2014 14:10 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Florida Entomological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Florida Entomologist. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 158.135.136.72 on Wed, 3 Sep 2014 14:10:06 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Scientific Notes 617 THE SUGARCANEDELPHACID (HOMOPTERA: DELPHACIDAE)EXTENDS ITS NORTH AMERICANRANGE INTO LOUISIANA W. H. WHITE',T. E. REAGAN2AND 0. SOSA,JR.3 1USDA-ARS,Sugarcane Research Unit P.O.Box 470, Houma, LA 70361-0470 2Departmentof Entomology Louisiana State University Life Science Bldg., Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1710 3USDA-ARS,Sugarcane ProductionResearch Star Rte. Box 8, Canal Point, FL 33438 The sugarcane delphacid,Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy,an insect pest of sug- arcane,was first discoveredin Louisiana on October19, 1994, in a sugarcane field ap- proximately 58 km southeast of Lafayette. Identificationwas providedby F. W.Mead, Florida Department of Agriculture,Division of Plant Industry,P.O. Box 1269, Gaines- ville, FL 32614. The sugarcane delphacid is a recent introduction to North America having been first reportedin Florida in 1982 (Sosa 1985), Georgiain 1983 (Nguyen 1984), Texas in 1989 and Mexico in 1991 (Meagheret al. 1991). The sugarcane delphacid is probably native to Papua, New Guinea, but with the movement of sugarcane, it is widespread in Java, Taiwan, southern China, Malaysia, and eastern Australia. It is also estab- lished in the Hawaiian Islands, Mauritius, Reunion, Madagascar,and South Africa (Fennah 1969). In the Western Hemisphere, Risco (1969) reportedthe sugarcane del- phacid in Ecuadorin 1966 and in Peru in 1967. Feeding by nymphs and adult ovipo- sition cause some plant damage (Allsopp & Bull 1990), but of principal concernis the insect's ability to vector Fijivirus sp., the causal agent of Fiji disease (Francki & Griv- ell 1972). After the initial discovery of the pest in Louisiana, the sugarcane producingpar- ishes (counties) of Louisiana were sampled during November 1994 to determine sug- arcane delphacid population densities and geographic distribution within the state. One to four fields were sampled per parish in each of 20 sugarcane producing par- ishes. These 20 parishes comprised about 159,296 ha of cultivated sugarcane. Fields of harvestable cane (about 3.8 m tall), uniformly spaced within each parish (about 8 km apart), were selected for survey.Visual counts of nymphs and adults were made on 4 sugarcane stalks at 10 sites about 3 m apart along one or two field edges. Addi- tionally, one leaf (3-5 down from the whorl) was examined for oviposition. The sugarcane delphacidwas found in 22 of the 60 fields sampled and in 13 of the 20 parishes sampled. The sugarcane in these 13 parishes comprises 79% (about 125,821 ha) of the total sugarcane cultivated in Louisiana. Numbers of individuals (adults + nymphs) per locations ranged from 0 to 12. The highest density was 0.3 per stalk in a field in St. Mary Parish. When the sugarcane delphacid was initially found in Florida,densities ranged from 0.5 per stalk to 35.7 per stalk (Sosa 1985). No ovipo- sition was detected; oviposition was obviously occurringbut apparently at such low levels that it was not detected. Although the sugarcane delphacid was found in very low numbers, our survey de- tected an infestation gradient with the highest populations found in the coastal par- ishes and decreasing density in the inland parishes (Fig. 1). Immatures were, in general, found in parishes with high adult numbers. This content downloaded from 158.135.136.72 on Wed, 3 Sep 2014 14:10:06 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 618 Florida Entomologist 78(4) December, 1995 Legend n > 2 W : z~ 1<n<2 < < 2 T 1 X t < 7 [[ ] 0O~~~~~~~~~ < nn <1 * Nymphs Found Figure 1. Distribution of the sugarcane delphacidin Louisiana sugarcane. Group- ings in legend are based on the mean total number of adults and nymphs per location within a parish. Densities of the sugarcane delphacid remained low in Louisiana sugarcane fields through the winter. Sweep net samples taken from 100 fields in late May and early June of 1995 did not detect any adults or nymphs. Because of potential of the sugar- cane delphacid to become an economic pest, we will continue monitoring field densi- ties and geographicdistribution of this insect in Louisiana. Thanks are extended to Lance Rodriguez,Louisiana State University Agricultural Center,Baton Rouge, LA and GriffinBell, USDA-ARS,Canal Point, FL for technical support.Voucher specimens were deposited in the Louisiana State University Insect Collection and the Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL. SUMMARY The sugarcane delphacid, Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy,was discovered in Louisiana, 19 October1994. This insect is a new recordfor Louisiana and was found in 13 of 20 sugarcane producingparishes surveyed. REFERENCES CITED ALLSOPP, P. G., AND R. M. BULL. 1990. Sampling distributions and sequential sam- pling plans for Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and Tytthus (Hemiptera: Miridae) on sugarcane. J. Econ. Entomol. 83: 2284- 2289. This content downloaded from 158.135.136.72 on Wed, 3 Sep 2014 14:10:06 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Scientific Notes 619 FENNAH,R. G. 1969. Damage of sugarcane by fulgorideaand related insets in relation to the metabolic state of the host plant, pp. 367-389 in J. R. Williams,J. R. Met- calfe, R. W.Mungomery and R. Mathes [eds.] Pests of sugar cane Elsevier Pub. Co.,Amsterdam. FRANcKI,R. I. B., ANDC. J. GRIVELL.1972. Occurrenceof similar particles in Fiji dis- ease virus-infected sugar cane and insect vector cells. Virol. 48: 305-307. MEAGHER,JR., ROBERT, STEPHEN W. WILSON, R. S. PFANNENSTIEL,AND R. G. BREENE.1991. Documentationof two potential insect pests of south Texas sug- arcane. Southwestern Entomol. 16: 365-366. NGUYEN,Ru, 0. SOSA,JR., ANDF. W. MEAD.1984. Sugarcane delphacid,Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy 1903 (Homoptera:Delphacidae). Florida Dept. Agric. & Consumer.Serv. Entomology Circular 265. Risco, S. H. 1969. Notas adicionales sobre el "saltahoja"de la caniade azucar Perkin- siella saccharicida K. Revista Peruana de Entomol. 9: 181-187. SOSA, JR., 0. 1985. The sugarcane delphacid, Perkinsiella saccharicida (Homoptera: Delphacidae),a sugarcane pest new to North America detected in Florida.Flor- ida Entomol. 68: 357-360. LARRABICOLOR (HYMENOPTERA: SPHECIDAE), A BIOLOGICALCONTROL AGENT OF SCAPTERISCUS MOLE CRICKETS(ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLOTALPIDAE), ESTABLISHEDIN NORTHERNFLORIDA J. H. FRANK,J. P. PARKMANAND F. D. BENNETT' Entomology& Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA 'Currentaddress: Crofton,Baldhoon Road, Laxey, Isle of Man IM4 7NA, United Kingdom Larra is a largely tropical genus of digger wasps (Sphecidae)with atypical behav- ior.Typical sphecid females sting and paralyze other arthropodswhich then are taken to cells where they serve as food for larvae. Larra females attack and sting mole crick- ets (Gryllotalpidae),which suffer paralysis for only a few minutes. The Larra females oviposit on the mole crickets that they have paralyzed,and the neonate larvae develop as external parasitoids on active hosts (Bohart & Menke 1976). The only known hosts of Larra are mole crickets. Larra analis F. is the only species native to coastal southeastern USA, and its host is Neocurtilla hexadactyla (Perty), the only mole cricket native to this region. Three immigrant species of mole crickets of the genus Scapteriscus arrived in the southeast- ern USA about 1900. Tens of thousands of these Scapteriscus mole crickets have been examined by personnel of the University of Florida's mole cricket research program since 1978, but none was found with an egg or larva of L. analis. This is strong evi- dence that L. analis does not attack Scapteriscus spp. in nature. Some mole cricket species are pests of agriculture and horticulture.Notable exam- ples are Gryllotalpa orientalis Burmeister in Hawaii, Scapteriscus didactylus (La- treille) in Puerto Rico and some other West Indian Islands, and Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder, S. abbreviatus Scudder, and S. borellii Giglio-Tos in the southern USA This content downloaded from 158.135.136.72 on Wed, 3 Sep 2014 14:10:06 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions.
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