Newsletter No.02

in English Project Members example, can be gradually restored, but it is not participation among local communities is to secure land the sake of the local livelihoods. 5) Continual monitoring of water table levels and No. completely rehabilitated as it used to. rights for the people who join the programs. assessments of the effects of canal blockage 02 2) Studies concerning the political, economic, and (January 1, 2018) constructed for rewetting peatlands. Feb 1, 2018 Historically, peatland areas were not settled as they Most peatlands are officially deemed state land, and governmental aspect of peatland conservation and Newsletter are not suitable for agriculture. Most peatland is classi- this has led to degradation, widespread fires, and peatland utilization. 6) Historical studies of the social and environmental ◎Project Leader SAMEJIMA, Hiromitsu Toward the Regeneration of Tropical Peatland Societies (Institute for Global Environmental Strategies) fied as state land, and state appropriation has created abandonment. Officially, people should not utilize state formations of the trading system of sago palm in MIZUNO, Kosuke (RIHN*/ CSEAS**, Kyoto University) 3) Geographical studies that include aerial photogra- UBUKATA, Fumikazu contestation, overlapping, and insecurity over forest land, and should not be granted land rights simply Kapau Baru where we started our study in 2016 to (Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University) phy and creation of peatland distribution and land ◎Subleader Newsletter of Tropical Peatland tenure conditions. Companies that were granted because the land is designated as state land. Yet one seek potential alternative systems. Wil De Jong (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) Society Project,Research Institute for title maps, specifically in Tanjung Leban where we KOZAN, Osamu (RIHN*/ CSEAS**, Kyoto University) concessions in peatland areas developed plantations, of the reasons why people do not properly tend the [Community, Corporate and Governance Group] Humanity and Nature have conducted research since 2008. 7) Measuring the balance between organic matter roads, and canals under weak state regulations, Project Members land is that their land rights are weak. We therefore inputs to soils and decomposition affected by the ◎ MIZUNO, Kosuke 4) Continual monitoring of the material cycling of the ●： ○： ● (RIHN*/ CSEAS**, Kyoto University) attracting people to move in. The complexity and ( Leaders of Working Groups/ Core Members) study the issue of land rights, actively propose growth and death of trees, as well as determining the ●OKAMOTO, Masaaki peat environment, especially carbon and nutrient (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) vagueness of land possession has prevented local solutions to relevant ministries and agencies, and physical properties of peat, such as their bulk densi- [Material Cycling Group] ●SUZUKI, Haruka (RIHN*) cycling, ground and river water quality, and green- villagers from managing peatland sustainably and present our arguments at seminars with the hope that ITOH, Masayuki ties, soil moisture retention curve, and so on. ● (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) ABE, Ryuichiro (Japan NGO Network on Indonesia) Toward the Regeneration of house gas (CO2 and CH4) dynamics in Riau and continuously. people can secure rights to their cultivated land. KOZAN, Osamu ● (RIHN*/ CSEAS**, Kyoto University) AMINAH MEUTIA, Ami Kalimantan. ●SHIMAMURA, Tetsuya (Faculty of Global and Regional Studies, Doshisha University) How can society develop institutions to control and One of the solutions that we have proposed to many (Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University) DEWI, Kurniawati Hastuti (Indonesian Institute of Sciences) Tropical Peatland Societies manage these fires and mitigate degradation? Our parties is a social forestry program with which people HIRANO, Takashi DHENY, Trie Wahyu Sampurno A new project at RIHN aims to explore the transformability of environmentally vulnerable five-year research project, which began in April 2017 can secure land rights for 35 years. As we maintain a (Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University) (Geospatial Information Agency Indonesia/ Graduate School societies and establish an international network for research and learning. IIZUKA, Kotaro of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University) and is headquartered at the Research Institute for strong commitment to sustainable solutions, we are (Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo) GUNAWAN, Haris (Peatland Restoration Agency, Indonesia) Kosuke Mizuno Humanity and Nature in Kyoto Japan, conducts trans- deeply involved in activities surrounding peatland IRIANA, Windy HASEGAWA, Takuya Project Leader (Tsukuba University) Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) and Kyoto University disciplinary research on the socio-ecological systems rehabilitation and the improvement of local livelihoods. (Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo) HAYASHIDA, Hideki of tropical peatlands to understand and address their Through this approach, we are able to understand the KAWASAKI, Masahiro ○ (RIHN*/ CSEAS**, Kyoto University) (Institute for Study of Humanities and Social Sciences, A global problem, a regional crisis, and er, drainage associated vulnerabilities. Through collaboration with local stake- material conditions of the situation and continue to KOBAYASHI, Shigeo (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) Doshisha University) KUME, Takashi HONNA, Jun a concerted response with plantation develop- holders, the research will integrate scientific findings propose meaningful plans to secure a better future for (Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University) (Collage of International Relation, Ritsumeikan University) ment of fast-growing and with local practices to establish mitigation and adapta- peatland societies. HOSOBUCHI, Michiko The destruction of tropical peat swamp forests is a KUWATA, Mikinori (Tokyo Metropolitan University) oil palm trees has led to a tion strategies to achieve sustainable (low carbon) use KAJITA, Ryosuke major contributor to global greenhouse gases and an (Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University) ○ (RIHN*) and conservation of peatlands. Ultimately, the project urgent international health crisis in Southeast Asia. An decrease in groundwater MATSUMI, Yutaka KANO, Hiroyoshi (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) (Institute for Space-Earch Environmental Research, Nagoya University) table levels and the intends to elucidate the transformability of environmen- KAMEDA, Akihiro (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) estimated 20 percent of global soil carbon is accumu- MIZUNO, Kei (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) drying of peat swamp tally vulnerable societies. MASUDA, Kazuya lated in tropical peat swamp forests, 76 percent of NEOH, Kok Boon (National Chung Hsing University) (Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University) which are found in Southeast Asia. Carbon dioxide forests. This has in turn PAGE, Susan (Department of Geography, Leicester University) ○NAITO, Daisuke (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) (CO2) emissions from fires in Indonesia during July to resulted in an increase in SABIHAM, Supiandi OSAWA, Takamasa ○ (RIHN*) November 2015 exceeded CO2 emissions from fossil CO2 emissions caused (Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University) PRASETYAWAN, Wahyu by peat decomposition SETIADI, Bambang fuel use in Japan during the whole of 2013 (GFED, (Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Islamic State University) (Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology Indonesia) 2015). and frequent fires. In Indonesia alone, an estimated 2.1 SAMBUAGA, Adlin SHIODERA, Satomi million hectares of forest̶most of them peatlands̶ ○ (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) (Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Riau University) TONOKURA, Kenichi SATO, Yuri were burned in 2015. The resultant haze caused incal- (Graduate school of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo) (Area Studies Center, Institute of Developing Economies) culable damage to the local economy and has impact- UEDA, Kayo van SCHAIK, Arthur (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) ed the health of not only the local people, but also (Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University) TERAUCHI, Daisuke (Faculty of Sociology, Toyo University) YAMANAKA, Manabu those in Malaysia and Singapore. In 2015, 0.5 million Understanding the problem, seeking WATANABE, Kazuo (Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology) (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) people in the region were diagnosed with upper respi- solutions YOSHIDA, Koshi [International Research Group] (Collage of Agriculture, Ibaraki University) ratory infections. Haze has become a trans-boundary The research topics of the project attempt to under- NAITO, Daisuke [Research Associate] environmental, economic, and political issue. ● (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) stand the problem and seek solutions from the KATSURA, Tomomi ABE, Kenichi (RIHN*) ○ (RIHN*) Peatland is vulnerable both environmentally and A deep commitment perspectives of many disciplines. Research topics ISHIKAWA, Noboru (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) socially. Damage to peatland is ecologically irreversible: The project has a deep commitment to local communi- include: SASAKI, Katsunori (FoE Japan) * : Research Institute for Humanity and Nature once it is made use of, land subsidence begins, and it **: Center for Southeast Asian Studies ties and policy processes that attempt to reach 1) Studies of the institutions and organizations that cannot be restored even if the land is rewetted. Drain- ▲Waste peatland damaged by fire solutions. It encourages people to take part in the have the potential to encourage communities to join ing and drying peatland for cultivation destroys habitat Newsletter No.2 February 1, 2018 Due to their physical characteristics, tropical peat program actively, to reaching consensuses, and secure the peatland rehabilitation program, as well as the Published by Tropical Peatland Society Project swamp forests have been difficult to utilize, and there- and leads to frequent fire, and the fire further destroys Room 4, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature the wider participation of communities to identify rewetting of peatland and the maintenance of paludi- 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan fore, spared from development for a long time. Howev- the habitat. The lost biodiversity in the habitat, for Tel: (+81)75-707-2108 Fax(+81-75-707-2507) solutions. One strategy we are in favor of to generate culture (sustainable peatland livelihood activities) for URL: http://www.chikyu.ac.jp/peatlands Cooperated by TAMEKUNI PRINTING Co.,Ltd. 1 News letter News letter

example, can be gradually restored, but it is not participation among local communities is to secure land the sake of the local livelihoods. 5) Continual monitoring of water table levels and The Material Cycling Group conducts intensive Toward transforming environmental completely rehabilitated as it used to. rights for the people who join the programs. assessments of the effects of canal blockage vulnerability 2) Studies concerning the political, economic, and multidisciplinary research, particularly on water and constructed for rewetting peatlands. Historically, peatland areas were not settled as they Most peatlands are officially deemed state land, and governmental aspect of peatland conservation and material cycling, in several representative peatlands in We seek to demonstrate the transformability of are not suitable for agriculture. Most peatland is classi- this has led to degradation, widespread fires, and peatland utilization. 6) Historical studies of the social and environmental Southeast Asia for the integration of natural and social peatland-based societies, and thus their future fied as state land, and state appropriation has created abandonment. Officially, people should not utilize state formations of the trading system of sago palm in scientific mapping to better understand peatland prospects, through the phasing out of monoculture 3) Geographical studies that include aerial photogra- “ contestation, overlapping, and insecurity over forest land, and should not be granted land rights simply Kapau Baru where we started our study in 2016 to ecosytems. The group will create a Tropical peatland production activity, the development of paludiculture, phy and creation of peatland distribution and land ” tenure conditions. Companies that were granted because the land is designated as state land. Yet one seek potential alternative systems. characteristics map based on hydrological, geophysi- and the expansion of protected peatland areas. The title maps, specifically in Tanjung Leban where we concessions in peatland areas developed plantations, of the reasons why people do not properly tend the cal, and social information of peatlands for integrated project research will examine several livelihood have conducted research since 2008. 7) Measuring the balance between organic matter roads, and canals under weak state regulations, management. land is that their land rights are weak. We therefore inputs to soils and decomposition affected by the strategies addressing the environmental and social 4) Continual monitoring of the material cycling of the attracting people to move in. The complexity and The International Research Group study the issue of land rights, actively propose growth and death of trees, as well as determining the will establish an vulnerability of tropical frontier societies with a commit- peat environment, especially carbon and nutrient vagueness of land possession has prevented local solutions to relevant ministries and agencies, and physical properties of peat, such as their bulk densi- international research and implementation collaboration ment to the solution, thus advancing global environ- cycling, ground and river water quality, and green- villagers from managing peatland sustainably and present our arguments at seminars with the hope that ties, soil moisture retention curve, and so on. hub for coordinating research and integrating experi- mental studies. house gas (CO2 and CH4) dynamics in Riau and continuously. people can secure rights to their cultivated land. ences on sustainable peatland management. This Kalimantan. How can society develop institutions to control and One of the solutions that we have proposed to many group comprises Asian and European universities, and Reference: manage these fires and mitigate degradation? Our parties is a social forestry program with which people international and local organizations. Coordinating GFED (2015)“ Emissions estimates.” [last accessed five-year research project, which began in April 2017 can secure land rights for 35 years. As we maintain a partners include Riau University and Bogor Agricultural January 10, 2018 from Global Fire Emissions and is headquartered at the Research Institute for strong commitment to sustainable solutions, we are University in Indonesia, the University of Malaysia, Database website: http://www.globalfiredata.org/up- Humanity and Nature in Kyoto Japan, conducts trans- deeply involved in activities surrounding peatland Sarawak, the Research Institute of the Peruvian dates.html ]. disciplinary research on the socio-ecological systems rehabilitation and the improvement of local livelihoods. Amazon (IIAP), UNDP, CIFOR, Walhi, AMAN, and Sawit of tropical peatlands to understand and address their Through this approach, we are able to understand the Watch. A global problem, a regional crisis, and er, drainage associated vulnerabilities. Through collaboration with local stake- material conditions of the situation and continue to a concerted response with plantation develop- holders, the research will integrate scientific findings propose meaningful plans to secure a better future for with local practices to establish mitigation and adapta- peatland societies. he destruction of tropical peat swamp forests is a ment of fast-growing and tion strategies to achieve sustainable (low carbon) use major contributor to global greenhouse gases and an oil palm trees has led to a and conservation of peatlands. Ultimately, the project urgent international health crisis in Southeast Asia. An decrease in groundwater intends to elucidate the transformability of environmen- estimated 20 percent of global soil carbon is accumu- table levels and the tally vulnerable societies. lated in tropical peat swamp forests, 76 percent of drying of peat swamp which are found in Southeast Asia. Carbon dioxide forests. This has in turn (CO2) emissions from fires in Indonesia during July to resulted in an increase in November 2015 exceeded CO2 emissions from fossil CO2 emissions caused fuel use in Japan during the whole of 2013 (GFED, by peat decomposition 2015). and frequent fires. In Indonesia alone, an estimated 2.1 million hectares of forest̶most of them peatlands̶ were burned in 2015. The resultant haze caused incal- culable damage to the local economy and has impact- ▲ ed the health of not only the local people, but also Locating a monitoring system at Tanjung Leban those in Malaysia and Singapore. In 2015, 0.5 million Understanding the problem, seeking people in the region were diagnosed with upper respi- solutions ratory infections. Haze has become a trans-boundary The research topics of the project attempt to under- environmental, economic, and political issue. Research Organization ▲Degraded peatland and haze. stand the problem and seek solutions from the Peatland is vulnerable both environmentally and A deep commitment perspectives of many disciplines. Research topics The project is organized according to the following degradation. The group works with local institutions socially. Damage to peatland is ecologically irreversible: study groups. and organizations at the village level to establish The project has a deep commitment to local communi- include: once it is made use of, land subsidence begins, and it mitigation and adaptation practices such as paludicul- ties and policy processes that attempt to reach 1) Studies of the institutions and organizations that The Social, Corporate, and Governance Group conducts cannot be restored even if the land is rewetted. Drain- ture. National, subnational, and local governance solutions. It encourages people to take part in the have the potential to encourage communities to join field research on the socio-economic aspects and ing and drying peatland for cultivation destroys habitat structures, private company initiatives, and environ- Due to their physical characteristics, tropical peat program actively, to reaching consensuses, and secure the peatland rehabilitation program, as well as the historical background of peatland societies. Study and leads to frequent fire, and the fire further destroys mental finance mechanisms such as REDD+ and PES swamp forests have been difficult to utilize, and there- the wider participation of communities to identify rewetting of peatland and the maintenance of paludi- focuses on livelihood strategies, land tenure, and the habitat. The lost biodiversity in the habitat, for are reviewed for efficacy. fore, spared from development for a long time. Howev- solutions. One strategy we are in favor of to generate culture (sustainable peatland livelihood activities) for resource use to identify factors that cause peat 2 News letter News letter example, can be gradually restored, but it is not participation among local communities is to secure land the sake of the local livelihoods. 5) Continual monitoring of water table levels and The Material Cycling Group conducts intensive Toward transforming environmental completely rehabilitated as it used to. rights for the people who join the programs. assessments of the effects of canal blockage vulnerability 2) Studies concerning the political, economic, and multidisciplinary research, particularly on water and constructed for rewetting peatlands. Historically, peatland areas were not settled as they Most peatlands are officially deemed state land, and governmental aspect of peatland conservation and material cycling, in several representative peatlands in We seek to demonstrate the transformability of are not suitable for agriculture. Most peatland is classi- this has led to degradation, widespread fires, and peatland utilization. 6) Historical studies of the social and environmental Southeast Asia for the integration of natural and social peatland-based societies, and thus their future fied as state land, and state appropriation has created abandonment. Officially, people should not utilize state formations of the trading system of sago palm in scientific mapping to better understand peatland prospects, through the phasing out of monoculture 3) Geographical studies that include aerial photogra- “ contestation, overlapping, and insecurity over forest land, and should not be granted land rights simply Kapau Baru where we started our study in 2016 to ecosytems. The group will create a Tropical peatland production activity, the development of paludiculture, phy and creation of peatland distribution and land ” tenure conditions. Companies that were granted because the land is designated as state land. Yet one seek potential alternative systems. characteristics map based on hydrological, geophysi- and the expansion of protected peatland areas. The title maps, specifically in Tanjung Leban where we concessions in peatland areas developed plantations, of the reasons why people do not properly tend the cal, and social information of peatlands for integrated project research will examine several livelihood have conducted research since 2008. 7) Measuring the balance between organic matter roads, and canals under weak state regulations, management. land is that their land rights are weak. We therefore inputs to soils and decomposition affected by the strategies addressing the environmental and social 4) Continual monitoring of the material cycling of the attracting people to move in. The complexity and The International Research Group study the issue of land rights, actively propose growth and death of trees, as well as determining the will establish an vulnerability of tropical frontier societies with a commit- peat environment, especially carbon and nutrient vagueness of land possession has prevented local solutions to relevant ministries and agencies, and physical properties of peat, such as their bulk densi- international research and implementation collaboration ment to the solution, thus advancing global environ- cycling, ground and river water quality, and green- villagers from managing peatland sustainably and present our arguments at seminars with the hope that ties, soil moisture retention curve, and so on. hub for coordinating research and integrating experi- mental studies. house gas (CO2 and CH4) dynamics in Riau and continuously. people can secure rights to their cultivated land. ences on sustainable peatland management. This Kalimantan. How can society develop institutions to control and One of the solutions that we have proposed to many group comprises Asian and European universities, and Reference: manage these fires and mitigate degradation? Our parties is a social forestry program with which people international and local organizations. Coordinating GFED (2015)“ Emissions estimates.” [last accessed five-year research project, which began in April 2017 can secure land rights for 35 years. As we maintain a partners include Riau University and Bogor Agricultural January 10, 2018 from Global Fire Emissions and is headquartered at the Research Institute for strong commitment to sustainable solutions, we are University in Indonesia, the University of Malaysia, Database website: http://www.globalfiredata.org/up- Humanity and Nature in Kyoto Japan, conducts trans- deeply involved in activities surrounding peatland Sarawak, the Research Institute of the Peruvian dates.html ]. disciplinary research on the socio-ecological systems rehabilitation and the improvement of local livelihoods. Amazon (IIAP), UNDP, CIFOR, Walhi, AMAN, and Sawit of tropical peatlands to understand and address their Through this approach, we are able to understand the Watch. A global problem, a regional crisis, and er, drainage associated vulnerabilities. Through collaboration with local stake- material conditions of the situation and continue to a concerted response with plantation develop- holders, the research will integrate scientific findings propose meaningful plans to secure a better future for with local practices to establish mitigation and adapta- peatland societies. he destruction of tropical peat swamp forests is a ment of fast-growing and tion strategies to achieve sustainable (low carbon) use major contributor to global greenhouse gases and an oil palm trees has led to a and conservation of peatlands. Ultimately, the project urgent international health crisis in Southeast Asia. An decrease in groundwater intends to elucidate the transformability of environmen- estimated 20 percent of global soil carbon is accumu- table levels and the tally vulnerable societies. lated in tropical peat swamp forests, 76 percent of drying of peat swamp which are found in Southeast Asia. Carbon dioxide forests. This has in turn (CO2) emissions from fires in Indonesia during July to resulted in an increase in November 2015 exceeded CO2 emissions from fossil CO2 emissions caused fuel use in Japan during the whole of 2013 (GFED, by peat decomposition 2015). and frequent fires. In Indonesia alone, an estimated 2.1 million hectares of forest̶most of them peatlands̶ were burned in 2015. The resultant haze caused incal- culable damage to the local economy and has impact- ▲ ed the health of not only the local people, but also Locating a monitoring system at Tanjung Leban those in Malaysia and Singapore. In 2015, 0.5 million Understanding the problem, seeking people in the region were diagnosed with upper respi- solutions ratory infections. Haze has become a trans-boundary The research topics of the project attempt to under- environmental, economic, and political issue. Research Organization ▲Degraded peatland and haze. stand the problem and seek solutions from the Peatland is vulnerable both environmentally and A deep commitment perspectives of many disciplines. Research topics The project is organized according to the following degradation. The group works with local institutions socially. Damage to peatland is ecologically irreversible: study groups. and organizations at the village level to establish The project has a deep commitment to local communi- include: once it is made use of, land subsidence begins, and it mitigation and adaptation practices such as paludicul- ties and policy processes that attempt to reach 1) Studies of the institutions and organizations that The Social, Corporate, and Governance Group conducts cannot be restored even if the land is rewetted. Drain- ture. National, subnational, and local governance solutions. It encourages people to take part in the have the potential to encourage communities to join field research on the socio-economic aspects and ing and drying peatland for cultivation destroys habitat structures, private company initiatives, and environ- Due to their physical characteristics, tropical peat program actively, to reaching consensuses, and secure the peatland rehabilitation program, as well as the historical background of peatland societies. Study and leads to frequent fire, and the fire further destroys mental finance mechanisms such as REDD+ and PES swamp forests have been difficult to utilize, and there- the wider participation of communities to identify rewetting of peatland and the maintenance of paludi- focuses on livelihood strategies, land tenure, and the habitat. The lost biodiversity in the habitat, for are reviewed for efficacy. fore, spared from development for a long time. Howev- solutions. One strategy we are in favor of to generate culture (sustainable peatland livelihood activities) for resource use to identify factors that cause peat 3 News letter News letter

The Material Cycling Group conducts intensive Toward transforming environmental multidisciplinary research, particularly on water and vulnerability Until today, the authorization of new land conces- e KHG and peat restoration material cycling, in several representative peatlands in We seek to demonstrate the transformability of sions has also been postponed in peatland forests, As a result of the great fires during 2014 and 2015, the Southeast Asia for the integration of natural and social One Map Policy and Peat Restoration which are an arena of corporate entrepreneurship. peatland-based societies, and thus their future Peat Restoration Agency (Badan Restorasi Gambut or scientific mapping to better understand peatland prospects, through the phasing out of monoculture It has been a major problem for the Indonesian government to produce accurate and reliable maps of its territory. It is not BRG) was established in early 2016 to restore 2 million “ ha of degraded peat in seven provinces. The BRG ecosytems. The group will create a Tropical peatland production activity, the development of paludiculture, an easy task: Indonesia’s vast and complex geographic setting and unintegrated mapping by various ministries and ” agencies have been serious obstacles. However, the “one map policy” adopted by the Indonesian government in 2011 has collaborated with ministries, agencies, NGOs, characteristics map based on hydrological, geophysi- and the expansion of protected peatland areas. The been dramatically improving the accuracy and reliability of geospatial information, and this is expected to contribute to academia, and international stakeholders to address cal, and social information of peatlands for integrated project research will examine several livelihood better political and economic decisions around land management. The One Map Policy and improved geospatial the peat crisis. Restoration involves re-wetting and management. strategies addressing the environmental and social technology may also prove to be crucial in the effective and sustainable restoration of tropical peatlands in Indonesia. re-vegetating peatlands, and revitalizing the local economy. The International Research Group will establish an vulnerability of tropical frontier societies with a commit- Dheny Trie Wahyu Sampurno Restoration locations were selected based on the international research and implementation collaboration ment to the solution, thus advancing global environ- Geospatial Information Agency, Indonesia Asian and African Areas Studies (ASAFAS), Kyoto University KHG maps, while the restoration process varied hub for coordinating research and integrating experi- mental studies. according to the concession authority. Land cover, ences on sustainable peatland management. This land use, peat characteristics, and other related geospatial data within the KHG are used to analyze group comprises Asian and European universities, and Catalog (Katalog Unsur Reference: e challenge, and importance, of peat conditions. These data originated from custodial international and local organizations. Coordinating Geografis Indonesia or mapping ministries and agencies, and were integrated to “ ” KUGI) was developed to partners include Riau University and Bogor Agricultural GFED (2015) Emissions estimates. [last accessed I ndonesia has a broad territory and complex develop a holistic spatial peat ecosystem restoration accommodate various University in Indonesia, the University of Malaysia, January 10, 2018 from Global Fire Emissions geographic setting. Successive governments have tried and management plan. geospatial databases. to produce accurate and reliable maps since the Dutch Sarawak, the Research Institute of the Peruvian Database website: http://www.globalfiredata.org/up- The catalog is stored colonial era. While relatively accurate maps have been and shared with nodes Geospatial information for peat Amazon (IIAP), UNDP, CIFOR, Walhi, AMAN, and Sawit dates.html ]. drawn up of population-dense areas, there is a dearth of the central govern- Watch. of geospatial information and maps for more remote restoration on Tebing Tinggi Island ment as well as with and forested areas. Existing maps lack consistency in provincial and regency Tebing Tinggi Island is one of the coastal peat areas of terms of land designation and state forest boundaries, governments as part of Riau Province. After severe degradation from peat fires and map versions vary across different administrative the National Spatial in 2014 and 2015, 135,000 ha of the peat ecosystem bodies. Measuring and mapping Data Infrastructure. on Tebing Tinggi were designated a national priority for ’ peatlands Meeting Report of JICA Partnership Program Although Indonesia s vast tropical forests support Finally, at the distribution level, BIG operates an official restoration and rehabilitation. high biodiversity, they are also an arena of mining, JICA Partnership Program for restoring waste peatland in the village of Tanjung Leban came national data portal (see "ina-geoportal" site). In accordance with repeated forest fires in Indonesia Peat thematic maps of varying scales and types were logging, and plantations. In order to manage forest land into action with a kickoff meeting! and the global movement to reduce carbon dioxide used to implement the BRG’s restoration plan. The and natural resources more effectively and sustainably, Discrepancies with land permits emissions, the protection of tropical peatlands became KLHK created a Peat Ecosystem Map in 2015 based it is an important national issue to synchronize an important national issue in the early 2010s. As a on field surveys conducted with augers. The map inconsistencies among different maps, and̶critically̶ The initial product under the One Map Policy was a The JICA Partnership Program for restoring villagers of Tanjung Leban. Finally, the start of result, the creation of accurate and reliable maps of shows the depth of peat soil and its distribution (see to create maps that are based on a common reference national land cover map that consists of synchronized peatland in the village of Tanjung Leban came the program was declared. peat areas became an essential task for the govern- Map 1). It also divides the KHG on Tebing Tinggi into and standard. data from various ministries and agencies. However, into action with a kickoff meeting! This partnership program focuses on the when a map of the concessions issued by the Ministry ment. 89,831 ha of protected peat zone and 45,605 ha of cultivated peat zone (see Map 2). On December 9, 2017, a kickoff meeting and concrete actions of restoration and develop- One map, one nation of Forestry (Kementerian Kehutanan) and one issued by The Ministry of Environment and Forestry (Kemente- workshop of the JICA Partnership Program was ment. It is expected to create synergy among the National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional rian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan or KLHK) was ’ held in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. This various stakeholders in cooperation with RIHN s In 2010, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono pointed or BPN) were compared, spatial discrepancies were tasked with the duty to protect and manage the peat three-year program was launched for the peatland project, which is collecting scientific to the startling differences among primary forest maps revealed. According to data from Forest Watch Indone- ecosystem. The KLHK, BIG, and the Ministry of Agricul- purposes of rewetting dried peatland and devel- data and building a body of knowledge in order generated by various ministries as an example of the sia (2013), nearly 15 million ha of land had overlapping ture (Kementerian Pertanian or KEMENTAN) integrated ’ oping livelihoods in the village of Tanjung Leban, to restore peatland environment and society inconsistency in the government s mapping. licenses for forest concessions, industrial forest their respective geospatial data to create what is which suffered serious damage during the more effectively and sustainably. Consequently, the Indonesian Law of Geospatial plantations, and mining. To address this, the Ministry of known as the Peat Hydrological Unit (Kesatuan “ ” peatland fires of 2015. Information, or the One Map Policy was passed in Forestry and BPN synchronized their maps according Hidrologi Gambut or KHG). The KHG is a unit of the Under the sponsorship of the Japan Interna- 2011 for the purpose of promoting the integration of to BIG’s official base map. peat ecosystem located between two rivers, rivers and map references and standards. The Geospatial tional Cooperation Agency (JICA), the Japanese The One Map Policy also played an essential role in the coast, or within swamps (KLHK, 2015). The KHG Information Agency (Badan Informasi Geospasial, or working team from Kyoto University under the Presidential Instruction 10/2011, which postpones the was designed to measure the degradation of peat leadership of Osamu Kozan (subleader of BIG) regulates and manages the One Map Policy in any authorization of any new land concessions. New vis-à-vis the hydrology system. Research Organization RIHN’s project) and Riau University organized sector concerned. authorizations are postponed until licenses that were the workshop to confirm cooperation with the In order to manage 24.6 million ha of 865 KHGs, The policy has been implemented in four important already issued by any ministry are synchronized with The project is organized according to the following degradation. The group works with local institutions various bodies concerned. peatlands were divided into two zones according to a steps: (1) one reference, (2) one standard, (3) one the official base map produced by BIG. Citing the need designation of either Protected or Cultivated. This study groups. and organizations at the village level to establish In the meeting, Haris Gunawan, Deputy of geo-database, and (4) one geo-portal. First, BIG, as the for national development to be based on accurate and zonation system is now represented in Peat Ecosystem mitigation and adaptation practices such as paludicul- Research and Development at Indonesia’s Peat official base map producer, created the Indonesian The Social, Corporate, and Governance Group conducts reliable maps, the current president, Joko Widodo, has Function Maps that have become the reference maps ture. National, subnational, and local governance Restoration Agency, took the role of the keynote Geospatial Reference System (SRGI). Second, the continued the One Map Policy. for ministries and agencies, as well as provincial and field research on the socio-economic aspects and speaker. Various opinions were exchanged National Standard Agency issued standards for structures, private company initiatives, and environ- regency governments. historical background of peatland societies. Study among the academic working team, officials mapping. Third, the Indonesian Geographic Element mental finance mechanisms such as REDD+ and PES from each local administrative level, and the focuses on livelihood strategies, land tenure, and are reviewed for efficacy. resource use to identify factors that cause peat

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Until today, the authorization of new land conces- e KHG and peat restoration sions has also been postponed in peatland forests, As a result of the great fires during 2014 and 2015, the which are an arena of corporate entrepreneurship. Peat Restoration Agency (Badan Restorasi Gambut or BRG) was established in early 2016 to restore 2 million ha of degraded peat in seven provinces. The BRG collaborated with ministries, agencies, NGOs, academia, and international stakeholders to address the peat crisis. Restoration involves re-wetting and re-vegetating peatlands, and revitalizing the local ▲Peatland field survey on Tebing Tinggi Island (KLHK, 2015) economy. Restoration locations were selected based on the Conclusion KHG maps, while the restoration process varied ▲Map 2. Peat ecosystem function map of Tebing Tinggi Island according to the concession authority. Land cover, (KLHK, 2017) Accurate geospatial information is an indispensable land use, peat characteristics, and other related tool in identifying objective areas and implementing In mid-2016, BRG created high-resolution maps with geospatial data within the KHG are used to analyze peatland restoration. Moreover, combining geospatial Catalog (Katalog Unsur LiDAR technology and aerial photographs to get an e challenge, and importance, of peat conditions. These data originated from custodial information with social and economic data contributes Geografis Indonesia or overview of the detail of the peat landscape on Tebing mapping ministries and agencies, and were integrated to to visualizing and understanding social and economic KUGI) was developed to Tinggi Island (see Figure 1 and Figure 2). With aid from ndonesia has a broad territory and complex develop a holistic spatial peat ecosystem restoration realities in peatland environments. accommodate various the Norwegian government, LiDAR and aerial photos geographic setting. Successive governments have tried and management plan. geospatial databases. were processed into a Land Cover and Hydro-topogra- The Tropical Peatland Society Project of the to produce accurate and reliable maps since the Dutch The catalog is stored phy map. These maps have sub-meter accuracy and a Research Institute of Humanity and Nature has colonial era. While relatively accurate maps have been and shared with nodes Geospatial information for peat scale of 1:2,500. They can be used for actual embarked on peat ecosystem restoration and rehabili- drawn up of population-dense areas, there is a dearth of the central govern- restoration activities, such as constructing canal tation not only to achieve environmentally sustainable of geospatial information and maps for more remote ▲Tropical peat swamp forest restoration on Tebing Tinggi Island ment as well as with blockage and identifying vegetation. land management, but also to revitalize local and forested areas. Existing maps lack consistency in ’ provincial and regency Tebing Tinggi Island is one of the coastal peat areas of livelihoods. In this regard, BIG s provision of base terms of land designation and state forest boundaries, governments as part of Riau Province. After severe degradation from peat fires maps and border maps with orthorectified high-resolu- and map versions vary across different administrative the National Spatial in 2014 and 2015, 135,000 ha of the peat ecosystem tion satellite imagery will benefit participatory mapping bodies. Measuring and mapping Data Infrastructure. on Tebing Tinggi were designated a national priority for and social forestry efforts toward peat restoration and ’ peatlands Although Indonesia s vast tropical forests support Finally, at the distribution level, BIG operates an official restoration and rehabilitation. improved land management. high biodiversity, they are also an arena of mining, national data portal (see "ina-geoportal" site). In accordance with repeated forest fires in Indonesia Peat thematic maps of varying scales and types were logging, and plantations. In order to manage forest land and the global movement to reduce carbon dioxide used to implement the BRG’s restoration plan. The and natural resources more effectively and sustainably, References Discrepancies with land permits emissions, the protection of tropical peatlands became KLHK created a Peat Ecosystem Map in 2015 based it is an important national issue to synchronize Forest Watch Indonesia (2013)“ The main points of an important national issue in the early 2010s. As a on field surveys conducted with augers. The map inconsistencies among different maps, and̶critically̶ The initial product under the One Map Policy was a state of the forest report 2009-2013.” [Last accessed result, the creation of accurate and reliable maps of shows the depth of peat soil and its distribution (see to create maps that are based on a common reference national land cover map that consists of synchronized January 10, 2018 from Forest Watch website: data from various ministries and agencies. However, peat areas became an essential task for the govern- Map 1). It also divides the KHG on Tebing Tinggi into and standard. ▲Figure 1. Digital terrain modeling (DTM) http://fwi.or.id/english/publikasi/the-main-points-of-st ment. 89,831 ha of protected peat zone and 45,605 ha of when a map of the concessions issued by the Ministry on Tebing Tinggi Island (BRG, 2017) ate-of-the-forest-report-2009-2013/] cultivated peat zone (see Map 2). of Forestry (Kementerian Kehutanan) and one issued by The Ministry of Environment and Forestry (Kemente- One map, one nation KLHK (2015)“ Deskripsi Peta Indikatif Kesatuan the National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional rian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan or KLHK) was Hidrologis Gambut Nasional.” Direktorat In 2010, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono pointed or BPN) were compared, spatial discrepancies were tasked with the duty to protect and manage the peat Pengendalian Kerusakan Gambut, KLHK. to the startling differences among primary forest maps revealed. According to data from Forest Watch Indone- ecosystem. The KLHK, BIG, and the Ministry of Agricul- “ generated by various ministries as an example of the sia (2013), nearly 15 million ha of land had overlapping ture (Kementerian Pertanian or KEMENTAN) integrated KLHK (2016) Inventarisasi Karakteristik Ekosistem ’ inconsistency in the government s mapping. licenses for forest concessions, industrial forest their respective geospatial data to create what is Gambut di KHG Pulau Tebing Tinggi, Kabupaten ” Consequently, the Indonesian Law of Geospatial plantations, and mining. To address this, the Ministry of known as the Peat Hydrological Unit (Kesatuan Kepulauan Meranti, Provinsi Riau . Direktorat “ ” Information, or the One Map Policy was passed in Forestry and BPN synchronized their maps according Hidrologi Gambut or KHG). The KHG is a unit of the Pengendalian Kerusakan Gambut. KLHK. 2011 for the purpose of promoting the integration of to BIG’s official base map. peat ecosystem located between two rivers, rivers and KLHK (2017)“ Penetapan Peta Ekosistem Gambut map references and standards. The Geospatial The One Map Policy also played an essential role in the coast, or within swamps (KLHK, 2015). The KHG Nasional.” Ministerial Decree No. 130 of 2017, KLHK. Information Agency (Badan Informasi Geospasial, or Presidential Instruction 10/2011, which postpones the was designed to measure the degradation of peat BIG) regulates and manages the One Map Policy in any BRG (2017)“ Data Acquisition and Thematic Mapping authorization of any new land concessions. New vis-à-vis the hydrology system. sector concerned. Project.” Peat Restoration Agency. authorizations are postponed until licenses that were In order to manage 24.6 million ha of 865 KHGs, The policy has been implemented in four important already issued by any ministry are synchronized with peatlands were divided into two zones according to a steps: (1) one reference, (2) one standard, (3) one the official base map produced by BIG. Citing the need designation of either Protected or Cultivated. This ▲ geo-database, and (4) one geo-portal. First, BIG, as the for national development to be based on accurate and Map 1. Peat depth distribution map of Tebing Tinggi Island zonation system is now represented in Peat Ecosystem (KLHK, 2016) official base map producer, created the Indonesian reliable maps, the current president, Joko Widodo, has Function Maps that have become the reference maps Geospatial Reference System (SRGI). Second, the continued the One Map Policy. for ministries and agencies, as well as provincial and National Standard Agency issued standards for regency governments. ▲Figure 2. Aerial photograph of peat landscape mapping. Third, the Indonesian Geographic Element on Tebing Tinggi Island (BRG, 2017)

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7 in English Project Members example, can be gradually restored, but it is not participation among local communities is to secure land the sake of the local livelihoods. 5) Continual monitoring of water table levels and No. completely rehabilitated as it used to. rights for the people who join the programs. assessments of the effects of canal blockage 02 2) Studies concerning the political, economic, and (January 1, 2018) constructed for rewetting peatlands. Feb 1, 2018 Historically, peatland areas were not settled as they Most peatlands are officially deemed state land, and governmental aspect of peatland conservation and Newsletter are not suitable for agriculture. Most peatland is classi- this has led to degradation, widespread fires, and peatland utilization. 6) Historical studies of the social and environmental ◎Project Leader SAMEJIMA, Hiromitsu Toward the Regeneration of Tropical Peatland Societies (Institute for Global Environmental Strategies) fied as state land, and state appropriation has created abandonment. Officially, people should not utilize state formations of the trading system of sago palm in MIZUNO, Kosuke (RIHN*/ CSEAS**, Kyoto University) 3) Geographical studies that include aerial photogra- UBUKATA, Fumikazu contestation, overlapping, and insecurity over forest land, and should not be granted land rights simply Kapau Baru where we started our study in 2016 to (Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University) phy and creation of peatland distribution and land ◎Subleader Newsletter of Tropical Peatland tenure conditions. Companies that were granted because the land is designated as state land. Yet one seek potential alternative systems. Wil De Jong (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) Society Project,Research Institute for title maps, specifically in Tanjung Leban where we KOZAN, Osamu (RIHN*/ CSEAS**, Kyoto University) concessions in peatland areas developed plantations, of the reasons why people do not properly tend the [Community, Corporate and Governance Group] Humanity and Nature have conducted research since 2008. 7) Measuring the balance between organic matter roads, and canals under weak state regulations, Project Members land is that their land rights are weak. We therefore inputs to soils and decomposition affected by the ◎ MIZUNO, Kosuke 4) Continual monitoring of the material cycling of the ●： ○： ● (RIHN*/ CSEAS**, Kyoto University) attracting people to move in. The complexity and ( Leaders of Working Groups/ Core Members) study the issue of land rights, actively propose growth and death of trees, as well as determining the ●OKAMOTO, Masaaki peat environment, especially carbon and nutrient (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) vagueness of land possession has prevented local solutions to relevant ministries and agencies, and physical properties of peat, such as their bulk densi- [Material Cycling Group] ●SUZUKI, Haruka (RIHN*) cycling, ground and river water quality, and green- villagers from managing peatland sustainably and present our arguments at seminars with the hope that ITOH, Masayuki ties, soil moisture retention curve, and so on. ● (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) ABE, Ryuichiro (Japan NGO Network on Indonesia) Toward the Regeneration of house gas (CO2 and CH4) dynamics in Riau and continuously. people can secure rights to their cultivated land. KOZAN, Osamu ● (RIHN*/ CSEAS**, Kyoto University) AMINAH MEUTIA, Ami Kalimantan. ●SHIMAMURA, Tetsuya (Faculty of Global and Regional Studies, Doshisha University) How can society develop institutions to control and One of the solutions that we have proposed to many (Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University) DEWI, Kurniawati Hastuti (Indonesian Institute of Sciences) Tropical Peatland Societies manage these fires and mitigate degradation? Our parties is a social forestry program with which people HIRANO, Takashi DHENY, Trie Wahyu Sampurno A new project at RIHN aims to explore the transformability of environmentally vulnerable five-year research project, which began in April 2017 can secure land rights for 35 years. As we maintain a (Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University) (Geospatial Information Agency Indonesia/ Graduate School societies and establish an international network for research and learning. IIZUKA, Kotaro of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University) and is headquartered at the Research Institute for strong commitment to sustainable solutions, we are (Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo) GUNAWAN, Haris (Peatland Restoration Agency, Indonesia) Kosuke Mizuno Humanity and Nature in Kyoto Japan, conducts trans- deeply involved in activities surrounding peatland IRIANA, Windy HASEGAWA, Takuya Project Leader (Tsukuba University) Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) and Kyoto University disciplinary research on the socio-ecological systems rehabilitation and the improvement of local livelihoods. (Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo) HAYASHIDA, Hideki of tropical peatlands to understand and address their Through this approach, we are able to understand the KAWASAKI, Masahiro ○ (RIHN*/ CSEAS**, Kyoto University) (Institute for Study of Humanities and Social Sciences, A global problem, a regional crisis, and er, drainage associated vulnerabilities. Through collaboration with local stake- material conditions of the situation and continue to KOBAYASHI, Shigeo (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) Doshisha University) KUME, Takashi HONNA, Jun a concerted response with plantation develop- holders, the research will integrate scientific findings propose meaningful plans to secure a better future for (Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University) (Collage of International Relation, Ritsumeikan University) ment of fast-growing and with local practices to establish mitigation and adapta- peatland societies. HOSOBUCHI, Michiko The destruction of tropical peat swamp forests is a KUWATA, Mikinori (Tokyo Metropolitan University) oil palm trees has led to a tion strategies to achieve sustainable (low carbon) use KAJITA, Ryosuke major contributor to global greenhouse gases and an (Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University) ○ (RIHN*) and conservation of peatlands. Ultimately, the project urgent international health crisis in Southeast Asia. An decrease in groundwater MATSUMI, Yutaka KANO, Hiroyoshi (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) (Institute for Space-Earch Environmental Research, Nagoya University) table levels and the intends to elucidate the transformability of environmen- KAMEDA, Akihiro (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) estimated 20 percent of global soil carbon is accumu- MIZUNO, Kei (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) drying of peat swamp tally vulnerable societies. MASUDA, Kazuya lated in tropical peat swamp forests, 76 percent of NEOH, Kok Boon (National Chung Hsing University) (Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University) which are found in Southeast Asia. Carbon dioxide forests. This has in turn PAGE, Susan (Department of Geography, Leicester University) ○NAITO, Daisuke (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) (CO2) emissions from fires in Indonesia during July to resulted in an increase in SABIHAM, Supiandi OSAWA, Takamasa ○ (RIHN*) November 2015 exceeded CO2 emissions from fossil CO2 emissions caused (Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University) PRASETYAWAN, Wahyu by peat decomposition SETIADI, Bambang fuel use in Japan during the whole of 2013 (GFED, (Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Islamic State University) (Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology Indonesia) 2015). and frequent fires. In Indonesia alone, an estimated 2.1 SAMBUAGA, Adlin SHIODERA, Satomi million hectares of forest̶most of them peatlands̶ ○ (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) (Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Riau University) TONOKURA, Kenichi SATO, Yuri were burned in 2015. The resultant haze caused incal- (Graduate school of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo) (Area Studies Center, Institute of Developing Economies) culable damage to the local economy and has impact- UEDA, Kayo van SCHAIK, Arthur (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) ed the health of not only the local people, but also (Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University) TERAUCHI, Daisuke (Faculty of Sociology, Toyo University) YAMANAKA, Manabu those in Malaysia and Singapore. In 2015, 0.5 million Understanding the problem, seeking WATANABE, Kazuo (Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology) (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) people in the region were diagnosed with upper respi- solutions YOSHIDA, Koshi [International Research Group] (Collage of Agriculture, Ibaraki University) ratory infections. Haze has become a trans-boundary The research topics of the project attempt to under- NAITO, Daisuke [Research Associate] environmental, economic, and political issue. ● (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) stand the problem and seek solutions from the KATSURA, Tomomi ABE, Kenichi (RIHN*) ○ (RIHN*) Peatland is vulnerable both environmentally and A deep commitment perspectives of many disciplines. Research topics ISHIKAWA, Noboru (CSEAS**, Kyoto University) socially. Damage to peatland is ecologically irreversible: The project has a deep commitment to local communi- include: SASAKI, Katsunori (FoE Japan) * : Research Institute for Humanity and Nature once it is made use of, land subsidence begins, and it **: Center for Southeast Asian Studies ties and policy processes that attempt to reach 1) Studies of the institutions and organizations that cannot be restored even if the land is rewetted. Drain- ▲Waste peatland damaged by fire solutions. It encourages people to take part in the have the potential to encourage communities to join ing and drying peatland for cultivation destroys habitat Newsletter No.2 February 1, 2018 Due to their physical characteristics, tropical peat program actively, to reaching consensuses, and secure the peatland rehabilitation program, as well as the Published by Tropical Peatland Society Project swamp forests have been difficult to utilize, and there- and leads to frequent fire, and the fire further destroys Room 4, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature the wider participation of communities to identify rewetting of peatland and the maintenance of paludi- 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan fore, spared from development for a long time. Howev- the habitat. The lost biodiversity in the habitat, for Tel: (+81)75-707-2108 Fax(+81-75-707-2507) solutions. One strategy we are in favor of to generate culture (sustainable peatland livelihood activities) for URL: http://www.chikyu.ac.jp/peatlands Cooperated by TAMEKUNI PRINTING Co.,Ltd.