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GAME AND FISH DEPARTMENT

INVESTIGATION OF PROPOSED PROJECTS

Roland C. Kufeld

Project FW-16-R-5 Completion Report Work Plan 3 August 1, 1965 to Job 1 July 31, 1966

Abstract

During this segment six separate Diversion Projects were reviewed by the Arizona Game and Fish Department in cooperation with personnel of the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Recom- mendations for consideration of fish and wildlife were submitted on each pro- ject. Projects reviewed were Winslow, Burro Creek, Black Creek, Flagstaff, Williams, and Prescott-Verde.

One application on a small reclamation project, submitted by Curtis Canal Company of Safford, was received during this segment. A report on this project will be prepared by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife in cooperation with the Arizona Game and Fish Department.

Two watershed projects were investigated during the segment. These were the Harquahala in west-central Maricopa County, and the Fredonia pro- ject in northern Coconino County. Recommendations for improvement of wildlife habitat in connection with the Harquahala project were submitted to the Soil Conservation Service by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Cost-sharing in development of a fisheries in connection with the Harquahala project was considered by the Arizona Games-id Fish Department, but the annual maintenance cost was deemed prohibitive. Construction of the Fredonia project will have no significant effect on fish or wildlife.

Assistance was given the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife in preparation of a report on fish and wildlife in relation to multiple-purpose development of the Bureau of Reclamation's San Pedro Project. This report is subject to revision and has not been finalized.

The water development possibilities in the Santa Cruz River Basin have been under investigation by the Bureau of Reclamation since 1964. In May, 1966, the Army Corps of Engineers announced its intent to investigate flood control needs in the Santa Cruz Valley. The Arizona Game and Fish

FW16R5-WP3-J1 21 Department will cooperate with both agencies to insure that fish and wildlife interests are considered in any plans for construction of water oriented pro- jects in the Santa Cruz Valley.

Recommendations

It is recommended that this job be continued to cover all proposed projects not covered by a particular job.

Objectives

To participate in preliminary discussions of any water, drainage, watershed, or other developments which would appear to have an effect on fish and wildlife resources.

Procedures

Colorado River Diversion Projects The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation in their Reconnaissance Report, Arizona-Colorado River Diversion Projects, dated November, 1963, has outlined a number of possible water development projects, which are de- signed to develop water resources outside of the direct diversionary area of the proposed Central Arizona Project. These projects would provide for more efficient utilization of water from the Little Colorado and Drainages. Through more efficient use of existing water resources, addi- tional water will be made available to satisfy the water requirements of Arizona.

The purpose and scope of the Bureau of Reclamation's Arizona- Colorado River Diversion Projects investigation has been described by Curtis (1965).

When the Bureau of Reclamation conducts investigations on each pro- ject to devise preliminary plans for the comprehensive development, the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife is contacted to prepare a report on fish and wildlife in relation to the project. The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Report is prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Game and Fish Department under authority of and in accordance with the provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S. C. 661 et. seq. ).

FW16R5-WP3-J1 22 During this segment, six reports of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife in various phases of completion were reviewed by the Arizona Game and Fish Department.

Small Reclamation Projects One application on a small reclamation project was received during the segment. A report on an application of the Curtis Canal Company will be prepared by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Field Office in Phoenix in cooperation with the Arizona Game and Fish Department.

Watershed Projects Two watershed projects were investigated during this segment: Harquahala in west-central Maricopa County and Fredonia in northern Coconino County.

The Harquahala Valley Watershed Program is designed to provide flood protection to cultivated lands. Flood protection from flows originating in the Saddleback Mountains on the east flank of the cultivated lands would be provided by a diversion structure located immediately adjacent to the farm lands. The Saddleback diversion would discharge floodwaters and sediment into Centennial Wash at the southeast corner of the watershed. Two inter- connected floodwater retarding structures, located north and northwest of the farm area, would intercept flood flows from the Big Horn Mountains. Com- bined floodwaters would be conveyed from the northwest floodwater retarding structure to Centennial Wash in a floodway diversion that also would function to intercept and divert additional flood runoff below the two structures.

The Fredonia Watershed Project is designed to protect the town of Fredonia and surrounding crop lands from flood damage.

San Pedro River Basin The Bureau of Reclamation is conducting reconnaissance investiga- tions in the San Pedro River Valley to determine water resources in terms of existing and future requirements for municipal, industrial, irrigation, recreation and fish and wildlife uses and plan methods for water storage, delivery and salvage, streamflow regulation and flood control.

San Pedro Project plans include construction of an earthfill dam at the Charleston site, rising 165 feet above the streambed, and having a crest length of 1,800 feet. Project plans also propose to salvage an estimated 12,700 acre feet of water by clearing approximately 18,000 acres of bottom- land phreatophyte vegetation along the San Pedro and Gila Rivers in the pro- ject area. The bottomland areas tentatively proposed for clearing are covered laregly with dense mesquite forests. A few areas have stands of salt cedar. Nearly all of the land to be cleared is in private ownership. Clearing of veg- etation would be accomplished where feasible by the use of herbicides. Near agricultural lands mechanical methods would be required. Annual maintenance

FW16R5-WP3-J1 23 of cleared areas would be necessary to suppress regrowth.

Assistance was given the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife in preparation of a report on fish and wildlife in relation to multiple-purpose development of the San Pedro Project. This report is subject to revision and has not been finalized.

Santa Cruz River Basin The Bureau of Reclamation issued a "Notice of Investigation" for the Santa Cruz River Basin Project in 1964. This is to be an investiga- tion of existing water needs and the possibilities for future water use, regulation or control within the Santa Cruz River Basin. The study will examine plans for development of the basin's resources, and consider areas that could be developed from water exchanges, coordinated through facilities of the Central Arizona Project. A reconnaissance report will be prepared by the Bure4u of Reclamation, although no progress reports on the Santa Cruz Basin Project were received by the Arizona Game and Fish Depart- ment during this segment.

The Army Corps of Engineers conducted a public hearing in Tucson on May 25, 1966, to determine the need for flood control measures in the Santa Cruz Valley. All interested parties were invited to express their views concerning the character and extent of the improvement desired and the need and advisability of its execution. A statement by the Director of the Arizona Game and Fish Department expressing the Department's views concerning flood control in the Santa Cruz Valley was presented at this meeting.

Findings and Discussion

Colorado River Diversion Projects During the segment six separate projects were reviewed with per- sonnel of the Division of River Basin Studies, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Phoenix. Final reconnaissance grade reports of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife were received on the Winslow, Burro Creek, Black Creek, Flagstaff, Williams, and Prescott-Verde Projects. A review report was received on the Burro Creek Project.

The Winslow Project consists of two dams and reservoirs, together with diversion weirs, tunnels and supply canals, and would supply water to the Winslow and Holbrook areas. Wildcat Reservoir site, a lake of about 650 surface acres, is located within Sitgreaves National Forest on in western Navajo and eastern Coconino Counties, approximately 30

FW16R5-WP3-J1 24 miles south of Winslow. The site for Wilkin's Dam, which would cover about 600 surface acres, is located on Clear Creek in eastern Coconino County about 35 miles southwest of Winslow.

Recommended provisions for fish and wildlife on the Winslow Project include (1) boat launching, parking and sanitary facilities, (2) control of speedboating and waterskiing, and (3) investigation of the feasibility of providing minimum releases from Wildcat and Wilkin's Reservoirs.

With inclusion of recommendations the two reservoirs in the Winslow Project will produce a gain of 40, 700 man-days of trout fishing annually, an annual increase of 150 man-days of upland game hunting, and an annual decrease of 100 man-days of big game hunting.

The proposed Burro Creek Project, located on Burro Creek about seven miles southwest of Bagdad, would consist of a 70 foot high dam, a reservoir with a minimum surface area of 225 surface acres, and a pumping system which would transport water from Burro Creek Reservoir through seven miles of pipeline to a small enclosed terminal storage reservoir near Bagdad.

Fish and wildlife recommendations for the Burro Creek Project include plans to prohibit speedboating and waterskiing on Burro Creek Reservoir, and installation of boat launching, parking and sanitary facilities at the reservoir.

With incorporation of fish and wildlife recommendations the Burro Creek Project would provide 11,000 man-days of fishing, 100 man-days of deer hunting and 50 man-days of waterfowl hunting annually.

Since completion of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Report on the Burro Creek Project, the Bureau of Reclamation has indicated, that on the basis of its reconnaissance studies, the Burro Creek Project does not appear practical at this time, and feasibility grade studies will not be initiated.

The Black Creek Project site is located in eastern Apache County, Arizona, on the Navajo Indian Reservation about 30 miles southwest of Gallup, . The project would consist of an earth filled dam 87 feet in height, a reservoir with a minimum surface area of 1, 000 acres, and a pipeline for transporting water from the reservoir to Gallup.

The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife has recommended installation of two boat launching ramps, each with parking areas and sanitary facilities at Houck Reservoir.

FW16R5-WP3-J1 25 Construction of the Black Creek Project with recommended fish and wildlife facilities would provide 125,000 man-days of fishing and 200 man- days of waterfowl hunting annually.

The Flagstaff Project, which consists of a 180 foot high dam with a reservoir of at least 140 surface acres in Volunteer Canyon located in central Coconino County, and an 11 mile pipeline to Flagstaff, would provide municipal and industrial water to the City of Flagstaff.

Recommendations for fish and wildlife facilities in the Flagstaff Pro- ject provide for (1) permanent public access to Volunteer Canyon Reservoir, (2) improvement of the existing access road to the Volunteer Canyon Reser- voir site outside of the U.S. Army Navajo Ordinance Depot, (3) regulation of motorboat use on Volunteer Canyon Reservoir, and (4) boat launching, park- ing and sanitary facilities at Volunteer Canyon Reservoir.

If the Flagstaff Project was constructed with recommended fish and wildlife features 35, 000 man-days of fishing would be provided annually.

The Williams Project as proposed by the Bureau of Reclamation con- sists of a 120 foot high dam, and a reservoir of at least 35 surface acres at Twin Springs, in Hell Canyon about seven miles south of Williams. Water will be transported by pipeline from Twin Springs Reservoir to Williams for municipal use.

Recommendations for fish and wildlife facilities at Twin Springs Reservoir include (1) regulations to exclude motorboats except those boats using electric motors of one horsepower or less, (2) installation of boat launching, parking and sanitary facilities, and (3) that, contingent upon ad- ditional water rights being obtained by either the City of Williams or the Arizona Game and Fish Department, the minimum surface area at Twin Springs Reservoir not be drawn down below 75 surface acres.

Construction of the Williams Project with recommended facilities for fish and wildlife would provide 30, 000 man-days of fishing annually.

The proposed Prescott-Verde Project consists of two reservoirs and a pumping system, and would provide municipal and industrial water to Prescott, Clarkdale, Cottonwood, Cornville and Camp Verde, and irrigation water to Upper Agua Fria Valley, Little Chino Valley and Lower Chino Valley.

Clarkdale Reservoir would cover a minimum of 750 surface acres and would be formed by construction of a 250 foot high dam. The reservoir would be located on the about eight miles upstream from the City of Clarkdale. Water would be piped from Clarkdale Reservoir to Clarkdale, Cottonwood, Cornville and Camp Verde. A system of pumps will transport

FW16R5 - WP3 -J1 26 water over Mingus Mountain to Prescott, the Upper Agua Fria Valley and Little Chino Valley.

Williamson Valley Reservoir with a minimum of 650 surface acres would be located on Williamson Valley Wash approximately three miles north of Simmons, and would be formed by construction of a 50 foot high, earth fill dam. Irrigation water for Lower Chino Valley will be provided by gravity flow.

The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife has recommended (1) regulation of speedboating and waterskiing on Clarkdale and Williamson Valley Reservoirs, (2) provision of two boat launching ramps, each with a parking area and sanitary facilities, at Clarkdale Reservoir, and (3) construction of holes in the bottom of Williamson Valley Reservoir through borrow removal to improve fish production.

Construction of Clarkdale and Williamson Valley Reservoirs with recommended fish and wildlife features would provide in excess of 35,000 man-days of fishing and 1,200 man-days of waterfowl hunting annually.

With exception of the Burro Creek Project, feasibility grade studies will be conducted on all of the above mentioned Colorado River Diversion Projects. Plans for these projects will probably be altered during feasi- bility grade evaluations, necessitating an updating of estimates of fish and wildlife benefits and/or losses.

Small Reclamation Projects One application on a small reclamation project was received during the segment. This application, submitted by Curtis Canal Company of Safford, Arizona, is a cooperative venture between the Graham Canal Company and the Curtis Canal Company. The planned project would pro- vide concrete lining for 8.4 miles of canal in the Safford area.

A report on this project will be prepared by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife in cooperation with the Arizona Game and Fish Department.

Watershed Projects The Harquahala Watershed Project holds a certain amount of potential for fish and wildlife. The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife in their re- port to the Soil Conservation Service dated December 30, 1965, has recom- mended (1) "that the floodwater retarding and sediment basins be managed for the production and hunting of upland game by means of fencing, regulation of cattle grazing, establishment of food and cover plantings, and public access in accordance with plans and specifications determined jointly by the Soil Conservation Service, the project sponsoring organizations, and the Arizona Game and Fish Department"; and (2) "that the Arizona Game and Fish Depart- ment be consulted during detailed project planning to determine whether

FW16R5-WP3-J1 27 economically feasible means exist for development of additional hunting or fishing in conjunction with project construction and operation. "

Analysis of the fishery potential of the proposed fish and wildlife development reveals that it would be necessary to maintain water levels at near maximum to assure minimal depth needed for survival of fish and con- trol of aquatic vegetation. As a result of low average annual yield from the sub-watershed and high annual evaporation rates, approximately 1,200 acre- feet of supplemental water would be needed annually. Water is available from nearby wells, but pumping costs would amount to $10.00 per acre-foot or $12,000 annually. Since only 6 to 10 acres of the 164 acre pool would meet physical requirements for permanent fish habitat, the annual maintenance 'cost was deemed prohibitive by the Arizona Game and Fish Department. The Arizona Game and Fish Department, however, has expressed its continuing interest and willingness to co-sponsor fish and wildlife development in the Harquahala Valley Watershed provided means may be found to reduce costs.

Results of an investigation of the Fredonia Watershed Project by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife and Arizona Game and Fish Depart- ment indicate the project will not significantly affect fish or wildlife.

San Pedro River Basin The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife in their field draft report on the San Pedro Project have tentatively recommended (1) fisherman access and boat launching, parking and sanitary facilities at San Pedro Reservoir; (2) zoning of San Pedro Reservoir to insure that certain areas of the reservoir would be available for fish and wildlife purposes without undue conflicting use for general recreation; (3) that in clearing the San Pedro Project reservoir basin selected areas of trees and brush be retained for fish cover and fish food production purposes; (4) establishment of two 100 acre seining areas at San Pedro Reservoir; (5) establishment of a five-year fishery investigation and management program at San Pedro Reservoir; (6) that major big game and upland game hunting losses be prevented by modifying phreatophyte clear- ing specifications in cooperation with the Arizona Game and Fish Department, to allow for retention of dense wildlife cover in strips and blocks along the San Pedro River and to effect clearing by mechanical means rather than with chemical herbicides; and (7) that about 4,700 acres of land within the reser- voir flood control pool be made available to the Arizona Game and Fish De- partment for upland game and waterfowl management purposes.

The Arizona Game and Fish Department will continue to work with the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife to insure that adequate consideration is given to fish and wildlife during the planning and construction phases of the San Pedro Project.

FW16R5-WP3-J1 28 Santa Cruz River Basin A copy of the Director of the Arizona Game and Fish Department's statement to the Army Corps of Engineers concerning flood control in the Santa Cruz Valley is presented in the appendix of this report. It is the feeling of the Arizona Game and Fish Department that fish, wildlife and other recreational pursuits be considered in planning any water oriented developments in the Santa Cruz Basin.

The Santa Cruz River Basin is located near to the major population center of Tucson, which has limited opportunities to engage in outdoor recreational activities requiring water. Any new reservoirs, lakes, or other water development in this river basin would benefit all of southern Arizona.

The Arizona Game and Fish Department will continue to cooperate with the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, the Bureau of Reclamation and the Army Corps of Engineers, in investigations of the Santa Cruz River Basin in accordance with the provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act.

Literature Cited

Curtis Canal Company 1966 Small Reclamation Project, Loan Application Report for the Graham-Curtis Project, Safford, Arizona.

Curtis, Robert D. 1965 Investigation of Proposed Projects, Arizona Game and Fish Department, F. A. Report, Project FW-16-R-4, WP3, J1.

U.S. Army Engineer District 1966 Notice of Public Hearing on Santa Cruz River Basin, Arizona, for Flood Control and Allied Purposes. Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles.

U.S. Department of the Interior 1965 Black Creek Project, Arizona and New Mexico-Colorado River Diversion Projects, Five Northern Counties of Arizona, Including Colorado River Basin--Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Report, Albuquerque.

1965 Flagstaff Project, Arizona-Colorado River Diversion Projects, Five Northern Counties, Including the Basin, Arizona--Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Report, Albuquerque.

FW16R5-WP3-J1 29 1965 Prescott-Verde Project, Arizona-Colorado River Diversion Projects, Five Northern Counties of Arizona, Including the Little Colorado River Basin--Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Report, Albuquerque.

1965 Williams Project, Arizona-Colorado River Diversion Projects, Five Northern Counties of Arizona, Including the Little Colorado River Basin--Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Report, Albuquerque.

1965 Winslow Project, Arizona-Colorado River Diversion Projects, Five Northern Counties of Arizona, Including the Little Colorado River Basin-Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Report, Albuquerque.

1966 Burro Creek Project, Arizona-Colorado River Diversion Projects, Five Northern Counties of Arizona, Including the Little Colorado River Basin-Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Report, Albuquerque.

1966 Prescott-Verde River Project (Williamson Valley Wash Dam and Reservoir), Arizona-Colorado River Diversion Projects, Five Northern Counties of Arizona, Including the Little Colorado River Basin-Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Report, Albuquerque.

Prepared by: Roland C. Kufeld Project Leader

Approved By:

Wendell G. Swank, Director

Roger J Gru ne , Coordinator

FW16R5-WP3-J1 30 APPENDIX

FW16R5-WP3-J1 Statement of the Arizona Game and Fish Department on Santa Cruz River Basin, Arizona, at the Public Flood Control Hearing in Tucson, Arizona, May 25, 1966 -- Wendell G. Swank, Director

The Arizona Game and Fish Department is vitally interested in water oriented projects in the Santa Cruz Basin.

In Arizona we are experiencing a phenomenal population growth with a corresponding increase in hunting and fishing demands. Since this growth is predicted to continue we are anticipating a demand on our outdoor recre- ational resources that will far exceed our present supply.

The number of visits to the national parks and national forests has been increasing from eight percent to ten percent each year. At reservoirs created by the Corps of Engineers, visitations increased over 25 percent annually in the past ten years. In Arizona fishing and hunting license sales have increased about 35 percent in the past five years; the state's population 30 percent. Just as the overproduction of our wheat and corn is becoming a national issue, so will the overproduction of our leisure time.

Arizona is fast becoming an industrialized state. As with other states in the West and throughout the nation where industrialization has occurred, agriculture is no longer the major income producer. This industrialization has been encouraged by all communities, by state agencies, and state and local officials. All forecasts indicate that the trend will continue, and will increase in intensity.

The type of industry recently becoming established in Arizona uses many highly skilled people with high incomes. They have the money and the leisure time to enjoy the outdoors. Their recreational demands, as well as those of people yet to come, must be met if industrial expansion is to con- tinue unhampered.

To provide for future fish, wildlife and outdoor recreational demands, we feel that it is necessary that those activities directed toward recreational demands be given serious consideration in the Santa Cruz River Basin flood control investigations.

Economic studies have shown that the use of water for recreational pursuits may return as much as six times more in state income than irriga- tion water would, thus, pointing out the importance of water for outdoor recreation. An economic study by the University of Arizona revealed that accumulated expenditures for equipment, supplies and fishing trips amount to over $1, 000 annually for each surface-acre of fishing water within the State of Arizona available to the public excluding the Colorado River, The Colorado River was excluded because the majority of those fishing there came from other states, and made most of their expenditures outside of Arizona. Tourism, including winter visitors, now ranks third in the list of in- come producing categories in Arizona. Recreational opportunities determine to a large degree where people go and the length of time tourists stay in an area. Thus, water oriented recreational opportunities not only induce travel within the state, but contribute more days within the state and greater expend- itures in more localities. These expenditures represent "new money" that is placed in circulation, a consideration of major importance to the state's economy.

Although we are interested primarily in the fish and wildlife of our state, we continue to stress the ever increasing needs and demands of people for multiple use planning in the development of any water resources in Arizona. Further, we are confident that if this concept considers the requirements of people for recreational pursuits the protection of our game and fish resources will be assured.

The Santa Cruz River Basin is situated relatively close to the major population center of Tucson, which has limited opportunities to engage in outdoor recreational activities requiring water. Any new reservoirs, lakes, or other water development in this river basin would benefit all of southern Arizona.

The Arizona Game and Fish Department has been constructing small fishing and recreation lakes throughout Arizona over the past 14 years as funds were available.

Although all the money to build the lakes has come from funds con- tributed by hunting and fishing license buyers, extensive surveys by the Department, the University of Arizona and the U.S. Forest Service show that from 60 to 80 percent of those visiting the Department constructed lakes did not go there primarily to fish. They went to picnic, swim, go boating and just enjoy being near a bit of water. The Commission and Department wel- come these people but these lakes built with fishing and hunting license money are becoming crowded. What will it be in 20 or 30 years?

The Department's "fishing lake" program has been extremely popular in Arizona. Legislators, Chambers of Commerce, Boards of Supervisors and business associations, as well as sportsmen's clubs, have been most appre- ciative. The Department and Commission receive more pressure for a lake in an area from business interests than from sportsmen.

The Arizona Game and Fish Department is presently considering con- struction of fishing lakes at several sites in the Santa Cruz Basin, and has been cooperating with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation in investigation of these areas. Currently, we have the location of eight potential dams and impoundment areas under investigation. At Red Rock "A" (Sec. 3, T225, R16E), RED ROCK "C" ( SEC. 2, T22S, R16E), AND RED ROCK "D" ( SEC. 7, T22S, R17E) OUR DIAMOND DRILLING IS COMPLETED AND RESULTS ARE FAVORABLE; AT TEMPORAL (SEC. 23, T21S, R15E) DIAMOND DRILLING HAS STARTED BUT WILL REQUIRE MORE STUDY. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS HAVE BEEN MADE AT RED ROCK "B" ( SEC. 2, T22S, R16E), BUT THE SITE DOES NOT APPEAR FAVORABLE. NOTHING IN THE WAY OF DRILLING OR ENGINEERING EXPLORATION HAS STARTED AT UPPER PENA BLANCA, WALKER, PECKS A OR PECKS B; HOWEVER CONTROL POINTS HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED AT WALKER, PECKS A, AND PECKS B.

WE WISH TO COOPERATE TO THE FULLEST EXTENT IN THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMA- TION AND TO PROVIDE ANY STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON VISITOR-USE ON EXISTING WATERS OR ENGINEERING DATA THAT WE MAY BE ABLE TO SUPPLY. WE WOULD APPRE- CIATE BEING INFORMED OF THE PROGRESS OF THIS VERY IMPORTANT INVESTIGATION.

THANK YOU.