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British Columbia Water Quality Guidelines for Dissolved Gas Supersaturation
British Columbia Water Quality Guidelines for Dissolved Gas Supersaturation September, 1994 Prepared for BC Ministry of Environment Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans Environment Canada Prepared by L. E. Fidler and S. B. Miller of Aspen Applied Sciences Ltd. Valemount, BC V0E 2Z0 Table of Contents Acknowledgments The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of several people and agencies in the preparation of this report. The authors wish to express their appreciation to the BC Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks for supporting the development of this document and in particular the advice and encouragement of Dr. Narender Nagpal and George Butcher of that agency. The authors also wish to thank Fred Mah of Environment Canada for supporting the development of these guidelines. The many discussions over the years with Dr. Don Alderdice, John Jensen, and Bill McLean of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, with Dr. Mark Shrimpton and Dr. Dave Randall of the University of British Columbia, and with Dr. John Colt of Montgomery Watson, Bellevue, Washington provided considerable insight into the phenomena associated with Gas Bubble Trauma (GBT) in fish and contributed immensely to the authors' understanding of the subject. In addition, the authors wish to express their appreciation to Ms. Dorit Mason for her efficient retrieval of papers from the scientific literature. The photographs showing signs of GBT in fish, which were supplied by Dr. Robert White of Montana State University, added greatly to this report. Ministry of Environment Water Protection and Sustainability Branch Mailing Address: Telephone: 250 387-9481 Environmental Sustainability PO Box 9362 Facsimile: 250 356-1202 and Strategic Policy Division Stn Prov Govt Website: www.gov.bc.ca/water Victoria BC V8W 9M2 1.0 INTRODUCTION Dissolved Gas Supersaturation (DGS) and Gas Bubble Trauma (GBT) in fish is a physical cause - biological effect relationship which has received the attention of environmental scientists for the past several decades. -
Community Risk Assessment
COMMUNITY RISK ASSESSMENT Squamish-Lillooet Regional District Abstract This Community Risk Assessment is a component of the SLRD Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan. A Community Risk Assessment is the foundation for any local authority emergency management program. It informs risk reduction strategies, emergency response and recovery plans, and other elements of the SLRD emergency program. Evaluating risks is a requirement mandated by the Local Authority Emergency Management Regulation. Section 2(1) of this regulation requires local authorities to prepare emergency plans that reflects their assessment of the relative risk of occurrence, and the potential impact, of emergencies or disasters on people and property. SLRD Emergency Program [email protected] Version: 1.0 Published: January, 2021 SLRD Community Risk Assessment SLRD Emergency Management Program Executive Summary This Community Risk Assessment (CRA) is a component of the Squamish-Lillooet Regional District (SLRD) Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan and presents a survey and analysis of known hazards, risks and related community vulnerabilities in the SLRD. The purpose of a CRA is to: • Consider all known hazards that may trigger a risk event and impact communities of the SLRD; • Identify what would trigger a risk event to occur; and • Determine what the potential impact would be if the risk event did occur. The results of the CRA inform risk reduction strategies, emergency response and recovery plans, and other elements of the SLRD emergency program. Evaluating risks is a requirement mandated by the Local Authority Emergency Management Regulation. Section 2(1) of this regulation requires local authorities to prepare emergency plans that reflect their assessment of the relative risk of occurrence, and the potential impact, of emergencies or disasters on people and property. -
BC Hydro-Party Response
BC Hydro—Party Response A14/SEM/97-001/05/RSP DISTRIBUTION: General ORIGINAL: English EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On April 2, 1997, the Sierra Legal Defence Fund and the Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund (the "submitters") made a submission under Article 14 of the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC) alleging that the Government of Canada is failing to enforce its environmental law effectively. Specifically, the submission asserts that Canada fails to enforce s.35(1) of the Fisheries Act and fails to utilize its powers pursuant to s.119.06 of the National Energy Board Act to protect fish and fish habitat from damage caused by hydroelectric power generation in British Columbia by BC Hydro (BCH), a provincial Crown corporation. CANADA'S POSITION Canada supports the NAAEC process for submissions on enforcement matters, and considers Articles 14 and 15 to be among the most important provisions of the treaty. Canada submits that it is enforcing its environmental laws, and is in full compliance with its obligations under the NAAEC. Therefore, Canada submits that, in this instance, the development of a factual record is unwarranted as: · the assertions concerning the enforcement of the Fisheries Act are the subject of pending judicial or administrative proceedings within the meaning of Article 14(3)(a); · Canada is fully enforcing the environmental provisions of the Fisheries Act, and the National Energy Board (NEB) has properly exercised its power under the National Energy Board Act; · the provisions of the NAAEC cannot be applied retroactively to assertions of a failure to effectively enforce environmental laws prior to the coming into force of the NAAEC on January 1, 1994. -
New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources 36. Date: August 2013 1. Historic Name: Oyster River Mill Pond Dam 2. District Or
New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources Page 1 of 55 last update 13.01.2011 INDIVIDUAL INVENTORY FORM NHDHR INVENTORY DUR0018 Name, Location, Ownership 1. Historic name: Oyster River Mill Pond Dam 2. District or area: Durham Historic District (NR and Local) 3. Street and number: Oyster River near Newmarket Road (NH 108) 4. City or town: Durham 5. County: Strafford 6. Current owner: Town of Durham, Stephen Burns and Andrea Bodo Function or Use 7. Current use(s): Dam 8. Historic use(s): Dam Architectural Information 9. Style: Other: Ambursen-type Dam 10. Architect/builder: C.E. Hewitt/D. Chesley 11. Source: bronze plaque 12. Construction date: 1913 13. Source: bronze plaque 14. Alterations, with dates: repairs, fish ladder 1974-75 15. Moved? no yes date: N/A Exterior Features 16. Foundation: concrete 17. Cladding: concrete 18. Roof material: N/A 19. Chimney material: N/A 20. Type of roof: N/A 35. Photo #1 Direction: SE 21. Chimney location: N/A 36. Date: August 2013 22. Number of stories: N/A 37. Image file name: DUR0018_01 23. Entry location: N/A 30 UTM reference: zone 19, 343929E, 4777137N 24. Windows: N/A 31. USGS quadrangle and scale: Dover, NH West, 1:24000 Site Features Form prepared by 25. Setting: small town or village center, 32. Name: Kari Laprey, Lynne Monroe, after Lord and waterfront Bodo 2009 26. Outbuildings: none 33. Organization: Preservation Company, Kensington, NH 27. Landscape features: pond, river, 34. Date of survey: August 2013 stonewalls 28. Acreage: less than one acre 29. Tax map/parcel: 5/3-3 (and 6/9-1) New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources Page 2 of 55 last update 13.01.2011 INDIVIDUAL INVENTORY FORM NHDHR INVENTORY DUR0018 39. -
The Story of the Canadian Pacific Railway Throug Op Aboard T Cific R Vel H It E Steam H He C Ian Pa Ail Tra S H M Th Er Times Anad Way and Istory Fro a to Modern
The Story of the Canadian Pacific Railway hrou oa el t gh it he steam imes Hop ab rd the Pacific Rai rav s h m t era n t Canadian lway and t istory fro to moder es tim rn steam era ode the to m m rough its fro l th history ve ra d t ific Railway an Pac an oard the Canadi p ab Ho The Transcontinental Railway n July 1, 1867 four provinces joined Otogether to form the new country of Canada. The four provinces – Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario – were joined three years later by Manitoba and the Northwest Territories. Then in 1871 British Columbia decided to join Canada, but only if the Canadian government promised to build a transcontinental railway. British Columbia set a 10 year deadline for the completion of this link to the rest of the country. British Columbia–The Promise The people of British Columbia CPR remains one of Macdonald’s agreed to join Canada after Prime greatest legacies and has been the Minister Sir John A. Macdonald subject of numerous books and promised that a railway would be songs. These include Pierre Berton’s page 2 built within ten years to join this books, The National Dream (1970) westernmost province to the other and The Last Spike (1972), and provinces. The result was the birth of Gordon Lightfoot’s well-known the Canadian Pacific Railway. Today, song, Canadian Railroad Trilogy. Keeping a Promise lthough many thought it build the railway bribed under Prime Minister in earnest. British Columbia’s was impossible to build government officials. -
Canadian Rail • No.349 FEBRUARY 1981
• Canadian Rail • No.349 FEBRUARY 1981 ........~IAN Published J:lOntllly by The Canadian Railroad Historical Association P.O. Box 22, Station G Montreal,Quebec ,Canada H3B 3J5 '55N 0008 -4875 EDITOR : Fred F. Angus CALGARY & SOOTH WESTERN DIVISION CO-EDITOR: M. Peter Murphy 60-6100 4th Ave. NE BUSINESS CAR: Dave J. Scott Calgary, Alberta T2A 5Z8 OFFICIAL CARTOGRAPHER: William A. Germaniuk OTTAWA LAYOUT: Michel Paulet BYTOWN RAILWAY SOCIETY P.O. Box 141, Station A Otta\~a, Ontario Kl N 8Vl NEW BRUNSWICK DIVISION P.O. Box 1162 Saint John, Ne\~ Brun swi c k E2L 4G 7 CROWSNEST AND KEHLE-VALLEY DIVISION FRONT COVER: A BALLAST TRAIN DURING CONSTRUC P.O. Box 400 TION OF THE PACIFIC SECTION of Cranbrook, British Columbia the C.P.R . by Andrew Onderdonk. V1C 4H9 -The locomotive is No.4. "SAVONA" PACIFIC COAST DIVISION which had formerly been No. 5 "CARSON" of the Virginia and P.O. Box 1006, Station A. Vancouver Truckee. This 2-6-0 survived British Columbia V6C 2Pl until 1926 when, as C.N.R. 7083. ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION it \~as scrapped. Coll ection of P.O. Box 6102, Station C, Edmonton Orner Lavall~e. Alberta T5B 2NO OPPOSITE: WINDSOR-ESSEX DIVISION C.P.R. LOCOMOTIVE t\O. 150 is 300 Cabana Road East, Windsor shown on the Pic River Bridge Ontario N9G lA2 during the construction days of the 1880's. This engine had been TORONTO & YORK DIVISION bui It by DUbs in Sco tl and in 1873 P;O. Box 5849, Terminal A, Toronto and. before being purchased by Ontario M5W lP3 C.P. -
An Environmental History of the Construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway
Tracks, Tunnels and Trestles: An Environmental History of the Construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway by Heather Anne Longworth B.A., Acadia University, 2007 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History © Copyright Heather Anne Longworth, 2009. University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Tracks, Tunnels and Trestles: An Environmental History of the Construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway by Heather Anne Longworth B.A., Acadia University, 2007 Supervisory Committee Dr. Richard Rajala, Supervisor (Department of History) Dr. Eric Sager, Departmental Member (Department of History) iii Supervisory Committee Dr. Richard Rajala, Supervisor (Department of History) Dr. Eric Sager, Departmental Member (Department of History) Abstract The construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was not a conquest of man over nature as some historians have suggested and the driving of the last spike did not cement that victory. By studying the CPR from an environmental perspective, it becomes obvious that the relationship between the people and the environment in the mountains was two- fold: workers had an effect on the environment through fires, deforestation, excavation, and blasting, and the environment likewise had an effect on workers through the hardships of weather, challenging terrain, avalanches, and floods. Shortcuts, such as steep grades and wooden bridges, taken by the CPR throughout construction to save money and time, as well as the poor route choice, had unintended consequences for the operation of the railway. -
Indentured Chinese Rail Workers
Chinese Immigration and the Canadian Pacific Railway: 1880-1885 Jincheng Zhi Department of Economics Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6 An essay submitted to the Department of Economics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts copyright © Jincheng Zhi 2011 Acknowledgement I am grateful to Frank D. Lewis for an enormous amount of guidance and inspiration. Without his insightful comments and suggestions, this paper could hardly have been completed. I have also benefited from the seminars at the Queen’s Economic Department. I appreciate the support from Queen’s Economic Department. With my limited knowledge in applying the economic models, all errors are my own. 2 Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................... 2 Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 5 Part I Background .................................................................................................. 6 I.1 The Demand for Chinese Workers ................................................................................... 6 I.2 Chinese Immigration: the Push and Pull Factors ............................................................. 8 Part II Chinese Workers as Indentured Servants ................................................... 10 -
Laid Over to Cover
LAID OVER TO COVER Photography and Weaving in the Salishan Landscape EXHIBITION GUIDE “What tempted the people of Canada to “The whites made a government in Victoria— “As belonging to the physical world, we reckon LAID OVER TO COVER: undertake so gigantic a work as the Canada perhaps the Queen made it…At this time they all that we can perceive with our senses: see Pacific Railway? The difficulties in the way did not deny the Indian tribes owned the with our eyes, hear with our ears, grasp with PHOTOGRAPHY were great, unprecedented, unknown…We whole country and everything in it. They told our hands. Further, we reckon as belonging to were under the inspiration of a national idea, us we did… the physical world all that we can encompass AND WE AVING and went forward.” with our thoughts insofar as these thoughts Gradually, as the whites of this country refer to external perception, to that which the IN THE SALISHAN “Since the Dominion was constituted, the became more and more powerful, and we less physical world can say to us. In this physical political life of Canada has centered about and less powerful, they little by little changed world we must also include all that we, as LANDSCAPE the Pacific Railway. Now that it is on the eve their policy towards us, and commenced to human beings, do within it. It might easily of completion, we see how great was the task put restrictions on us. Their government or make us pause and reflect when it is said that that three millions of people set themselves chiefs have taken every advantage of our all that we human beings do in the physical fourteen years ago to accomplish. -
Chinese Labour on the Canadian Pacific Railway
1 CHINESE LABOUR ON THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY Chinese men at work on the Canadian Pacific Railway (1884) Credit: Boorne & May / Library and Archives Canada Anti-Chinese Sentiment Rising In 1871, British Columbia joined Confederation as Canada’s 6th province. Its population at the time was comprised of about 26,000 First Nations people; 11,000 of European origin; and 3,500 Chinese, whose numbers had declined since the Gold Rush days. Before Confederation, the Aliens Act of 1861 had ensured that any resident who had resided in B.C. for at least three years could take an oath of allegiance and enjoy full legal rights, but the mining industry’s decline had caused a great deal of tension. Negative feelings about Chinese immigration arose because of fears that jobs that rightfully belonged to whites would be “stolen.” Confederation coincided with a growing sense of European identity among British Columbians. In the minds of many members “The Heathen Chinee in British Columbia” - Political cartoonist James Weston, 1879 of the public, the national and provincial identity was defined by skin colour. Just one year after Confederation, B.C. passed a law prohibiting First Nations and Chinese people from voting in provincial elections. More discriminatory legislation followed. Because a surge of Chinese arrivals to Victoria in 1878 alarmed some members of the public, a law was passed forbidding anyone Chinese from working on B.C.’s public projects. Chinese workers were also ordered to pay $10 to the province every three months—a law struck down after the protests of fish cannery operators dependent upon on Chinese labour. -
Bamboo Shoots Historical Backgrounders
Grade 5 Grade 9 Historical Backgrounders Acknowledgements & Copyright © 2015 Province of British Columbia This resource was developed for the Ministry of International Trade and Minister Responsible for Asia Pacific Strategy and Multiculturalism by Open School BC, Ministry of Education in partnership with the Royal BC Museum, the Legacy Initiatives Advisory Council and BC teachers. A full list of contributors to Bamboo Shoots: Chinese Canadian Legacies in BC can be found at www.openschool.bc.ca/bambooshoots. Historical Backgrounders Contents CONTENTS Chinese Immigration to Canada �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4 BC Gold Rushes – 1858 to 1870s .................................................................................................................13 Victoria – An Early History ..............................................................................................................................16 Physical Segregation of Chinese Canadians – Chinatowns ������������������������������������������������������������19 Chinese Disenfranchisement – 1872 �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������22 Building of the Canadian Pacific Railway – 1880 to 1885 ...............................................................25 Yip Sang and the Wing Sang Company.....................................................................................................28 Chinese Immigration Act (Head -
Canadian Rail
Canadian Rail No. 436 SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER 1993 -=--:,-= I I 1893 - KAMLOOPS CENTENNIAL - 1993 CANADIAN RAIL PUBlISHED'BI ·MONTHLY BY THr: CANADIAN RAILROAD HISTOR ICAL ASSOCIATION EDITOR' Fred F. A"fIuS Fo( your membership in the CRHA. whic/l 'Icludes a CO-EDI TOR: Douglas N.W. Smith subscription 10 Canadian Rail, write to: ASSOCIATE EDITOR (Motive Power): Hugues W 80ni1 CRHA, 120 Ru e St·Pierre. $1. Constant. Oue. J5A 2G9 DISTRIBUTION: Gera.d F'echet1e CARTOGRAPHER. William A. Germaniuk Ra tes: in Canada: $30 (including G5T). LAYOUT: Fred F. Angus outside Canada: $27.50 in U,S. funds. P<,r: '~r Procel p ( i(" ~ ; ' l g ,-------- TABLE OF CONTENTS THE RAILWAY HISTORY OF KAMLOOPS B.C .. .......... ....... .. .. ........ DAVID LI. DAVIES ....•.............. 151 PHOTO SECTION ... .. .. .. .... ............. .................................... ............... BILL THOMSON ...... ............... .172 RAIL CANADA DECiSiONS ............................................................ DOUGLAS N.W. SMITH ........ ...178 THE BUSINESS CAR .......................................... ............ .............. .. .............. ..... .......... ................ .........186 Ca n a~an Rail is continually in need 01 news, stories, histoOcaJ data. photos, maps and other material. Please send all contriooHons 10 the editor: Fred F. Angus, 3021 Trafalgar Ave. Montreal, P.O. H3Y 1H3. No payment can be made for contributions, but lhe contrioolerwill begiven credit for malerial submitted, Material will be returned 10 the contributor it requested, Remember "Knowledge is of Unle value unless it is shaled with Others·. DIRECTORS PAESIDENT: Walter J, Bedbrook Frederick F. Angus J. Christopher Kyle Douglas NW. Smith VICE PRES.: Charles De Jean Alan C. Blackburn William Le Surl William Thomson VICE PRES.: David W, Johnson James Bouchard Robert V. V. NichoUs Richard Viberg TREASURER Robert Carlson Gerard Frechette Ernest Qltewell A. Stephen Walbridge SECRETARY: Bernard Martin Mervyn T.