Architectural Design of a Residential Complex in City of Parand, Tehran, Iran, Based on Sustainable Development
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
MAGNT Research Report (ISSN. 1444-8939) Vol.2 (7): PP. 472-481 Architectural Design of a Residential Complex in City of Parand, Tehran, Iran, Based on Sustainable Development Seyed Meysam Kataeyan1*, Siavash Teimouri2 and Marjan Khanmohammadi2 1*Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran Corresponding author 2 Department of Architecture, College of Technical and Engineering Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran Abstract: Due to urbanization in recent decades in Iran, the pattern of housing mass production has changed and the necessity of housing mass production has decreased the quality and utility of designing. Today, designing residential complex because of the lack of attention to human needs and to consider its consequences, have faced personal and social lives of residents with problems. However, one of the ways to access the solutions for sustainable development is revision in relation to construction practices is design in various fields of human including green space design, industrial design, urban and construction design and so on. All of these models are based on construction of environment in relation to a harmonious and symbiotic relationship with the surrounding environment and environments in which the design principles are derived from that. Such design method considers the integration of perspectives on energy and environment. Keywords: design of residential complexes, sustainable development, City of Parand, Iran, environmental approach, energy approach 1. Introduction bodies and this is done in a situation that there are no control regulations in this area. In fact, Rapid population growth in large cities this phenomenon can solve many urban as well as the need to accommodation in wide problems such as inadequacy of land, housing, range from one side and to prevent the horizontal optimizing urban utility costs, avoid of expansion of cities, on the other hand, have lead horizontal growth of cities and on the other hand, to construction of skyscrapers as a solution it causes problems and shortcomings, such as against the problem of land. Today, many of the increased building density and population, urban projects principles are that by increasing disruption of infrastructure and urban utilities high-density and construction of skyscrapers, as and services, and negative impacts on physical far as possible by reducing the underlying and environmental in urban areas. ground surface, it is possible to allow more Environmental designers and researchers in the people to be resettled and by provision of free cities in the United States have many incentives land for public open space and required service, to work together to create a suitable habitat for the optimal utilization of urban infrastructure are human life [1-4]. Numerous researchers of social used. Nowadays, Iranian cities, especially sciences using modern architectural patterns, Tehran metropolitan, is testifying growth and before the destruction discussed social and development of tall buildings on their own psychological abnormalities of the residents of (DOI: dx.doi.org/14.9831/1444-8939.2014/2-7/MAGNT.48) MAGNT Research Report (ISSN. 1444-8939) Vol.2 (7): PP. 472-481 residential complexes, were designed. Le contexts in terms of social, economic and Corbusier one of the pioneers of modern environmental impact has been examined. The architecture and urban planning was believed main objective of this paper is to identify various that with promoting quality of the environment dimensions of the house (qualitative and or changing the elements of housing design, quantitative), and have tried to demonstrate the architectures could transform people's social effect of the approach of economic, social, and behavior and even prevent the onset of social psychological and physical on human life as the hardships. To design a suitable home, the first complex wanted to consider residency step is to recognize the housing according to the requirements of middle-level of Iranians youth definitions provided to improve the quality of and family. This paper introduces the concepts social life, creating family bioactivity including of environmental approach such as perception of solitary and social life, the provision of the environment, human needs, their ability to individual and collective activities and to sense the environment and the importance of provide services and facilities for health and sustainable architecture [6,9,10]. In this paper, family welfare that are of important issues of issues about the relationship between humans such definitions. However, assessing the needs and the physical environment and the and behaviors of housing, are of the most significance of this association for design important parameters in the design of residential purposes (especially architecture) because of areas, including biological, and the economic creating a general framework to analyze the and social needs [5-7]. However, needs for human relationship with the environment have different families according to income levels, been proposed. Another objective of this paper is relative ranks and their willingness will be to design residential complex with sustainable varied. Considering the residential units with architectural approach and examine the role of circumstances and different sizes and user cultural sustainable development in new towns settings in set, would be helpful to meet this including Parand. In addition, the research problem in human society need and living with answered to questions such as “to what extent people. Therefore, it is better to have housing the forms and patterns of Persian architecture design to suit the needs of users, and to try to have role in sustainable development?” and “to strengthen neighborly relations, and more what extent designing with sustainable approach relaxation of residents by protecting privacy and is effective in social relationships in the new dignity. It is necessary to try to improve the spaces?” About sustainable design and its quality of urban environment and the parameters influencing factors, such as green roofs, relation that are used for this purpose and include beauty, of sustainable development with climate was identity, coordination, discipline, persistence and also examined. In addition, information on variability [8]. Suitable design of availability so climate, mean annual rainfall, temperature, frost that people walking and riding with each other in days and so on have been presented and at the their own way make them feel safety and end, certain measures have been used to design comfortable. The preservation and development the architecture in this climate. Maps and details, of open space using and water and plants design international standards, area and size for each to improve the quality of living environment and space were given. creating peace and vitality are of remarkable 2. Methods and materials goals. In previous research, study of historical (DOI: dx.doi.org/14.9831/1444-8939.2014/2-7/MAGNT.48) MAGNT Research Report (ISSN. 1444-8939) Vol.2 (7): PP. 472-481 A. The study area and geographical average slope. In this area, maximum and characteristics of new city of Parand minimum lands slope is in the north to the south The lands of new city of Parand has equal to zero to 1.1 percent and in the East to the located in urban areas between Tehran and the West, it is zero percent. Parand’s air temperature desert between 35 degrees and 23 minutes and in foothill varied in the range of 5.63° C and -2° 52 seconds, and 35 °, 58 minutes 33 seconds east C and its average temperature was computed longitude. The average elevation of its land is 6.16°C. Relative humidity in January, reached to 1100 meters above sea level and the city's annual 66% and in other months of the year, it was at rainfall varies from 200 to 250 mm. The average least 24% in July and up 58% in February. The slope of the land from North to South is about 3 region winds have a predominantly western to 5 percent and from East to West, is less than 1 direction and speed of the winds from the south percent. These figures show that the new city of and southeast have much importance. Sometimes Parand, in the case of energy absorption and the winds blew from the north to the region, but desorption of land surface waters and its intensity was short and limit. The most wind communication facilities has relatively suitable blowing was in spring and winter, respectively. B. formation process (phase) Zone subject area (ha) Zone 1 International Exhibition 400 Zone 2 Educational and medicinal 173 Zone 3 The zero phase 69.5 Zone 4 Phase 1 110 Zone 5 Phase 2 173 Zone 6 phase 3 250 Zone 7 Phase 4 259 Zone 8 Historical phase 110 Zone 9 Parand’ plants and training centers 464 Zone 10 Industrial area 617 C. Data collection proper housing and factors affecting on the At first, studies to recognize and access quality of housing design were discussed, too. to residential design principles were done in a 3. Results library search. After that, data collection and Residential Complex giving results acquired from information and In general, in formation of a space studies and the design of the study area started. (scheme) several factors contribute that can In this research, studies and surveys have been mention the subparagraph facilities, dimensions, conducted in the area based on theoretical capacities, communication with other spaces, foundations and design principles that included orientation and extent of natural light, floor, wall an explanation of the concept of sustainable colors, furniture and etc [11]. Thus, the space development and the subject of housing. The that forms based on space studies, numbers and types of housing and typology of housing have optimized standard conditions (experienced) has been studied. Theories of different experts about higher usage life and its inside functions occur with better process. This importance in designing (DOI: dx.doi.org/14.9831/1444-8939.2014/2-7/MAGNT.48) MAGNT Research Report (ISSN.