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Home , Bezitramide, Dextromoramide, Ketobemidone, Nicomorphine, Norlevorphanol, Racemoramide

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Afghanistan 200 000 50 000 1 Dextropropoxyphene 10 000 1 5 000 Ecgonine 2 6 1 20 000 Fentanyl 17 000 8 000 10 000 90 000 4 000 40 000 1 Albania Methadone 100 000 1 Morphine 1 550 000 Codeine 1 090 000 1 Fentanyl 280 1 1 10 Methadone 7 000 40 000 Morphine 7 500 Pethidine 50 000 Oxycodone 2 000 1 Pethidine 2 700 Pholcodine 1 Pholcodine 1 500 1 9 Remifentanil 16 000 2 Sufentanil 10 Algeria 68 000 350 Armenia Codeine 2 500 000 Codeine 3 000 Etorphine 1 Fentanyl 40 Fentanyl 500 Methadone 13 000 Methadone 4 000 Morphine 7 000 Morphine 9 000 Thebaine 15 Oxycodone 4 000 1 500 Pethidine 3 000 Aruba* Pholcodine 1 500 000 Alfentanil 3 Remifentanil 1 1 Sufentanil 30 Cocaine 70 Andorra Codeine 85 2 000 1 Fentanyl 100 Dextropropoxyphene 85 Methadone 1 000 Fentanyl 200 Morphine 500 Hydrocodone 2 Oxycodone 2 000 Methadone 150 Pethidine 500 Morphine 540 Remifentanil 4 Opium 450 Angola Oxycodone 300 Alfentanil 7 Pethidine 404 Codeine 30 000 Piritramide 124 Dextromoramide 500 Remifentanil 19 500 Ascension Island* Diphenoxylate 500 Alfentanil 1 Fentanyl 8 Fentanyl 1 Methadone 2 000 Morphine 1 Morphine 6 000 Pethidine 1 Pethidine 6 000 Australia Sufentanil 5 3-Methylthiofentanyl 1 Anguilla Alfentanil 850 Codeine 500 Alpha-methylthiofentanyl 1 Fentanyl 1 Cannabis 2 500 000 Morphine 20 Cocaine 7 000 Pethidine 300 Codeine 5 100 000 Antigua and Barbuda* Conc. of Cocaine 9 ACA 900 Codeine 169 AMA 1 700 Dihydrocodeine 15 AOA 5 550 Diphenoxylate 28 ATA 18 731 260 Fentanyl 1 1 Morphine 6 Dextromoramide 5 Oxycodone 2 Dextropropoxyphene 150 000 Pethidine 338 Dihydrocodeine 130 000 Remifentanil 1 Diphenoxylate 45 000 Sufentanil 1 Dipipanone 1 Argentina Ecgonine 1 Alphaprodine 1 Etorphine 1 Bezitramide 1 Fentanyl 30 000 Cannabis 50 Hydrocodone 100 Cocaine 15 Hydromorphone 70 000 Codeine 650 000 Methadone 850 000 Dextromoramide 1 Morphine 850 000

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ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Oripavine 500 Morphine 400 000 Oxycodone 2 700 000 Oxycodone 10 000 1 000 Oxymorphone 300 000 Pethidine 35 000 Pethidine 790 000 Pethidine intermediate B 1 Barbados Pholcodine 900 000 Codeine 120 000 Remifentanil 800 Dihydrocodeine 900 Sufentanil 2 Fentanyl 24 Austria Heroin 1 Alfentanil 450 Hydromorphone 3 Cannabis 50 000 Methadone 137 Cocaine 2 500 Morphine 3 165 Codeine 500 000 Pethidine 6 094 Codeine-N-oxide 70 Remifentanil 125 Dextropropoxyphene 200 Sufentanil 1 Dihydrocodeine 650 000 Belarus 20 3-Methylfentanyl 1 Diphenoxylate 40 3-Methylthiofentanyl 1 Ecgonine 10 Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl 1 20 1 Etorphine 10 Alfentanil 1 Fentanyl 50 000 Alpha-methylfentanyl 1 Heroin 40 Alpha-methylthiofentanyl 1 Hydrocodone 20 Alphaprodine 1 Hydromorphone 180 000 Beta-hydroxy-3-methyl fentanyl 1 Methadone 130 000 Beta-Hydroxyfentanyl 1 Morphine 2 400 000 Cocaine 100 Morphine-N-oxide 30 Codeine 800 000 Nicomorphine 100 Dextromoramide 1 Opium 20 000 Dextropropoxyphene 1 000 100 Dihydrocodeine 1 Oxycodone 400 000 Dipipanone 1 Oxymorphone 500 Ecgonine 1 Pethidine 1 000 Ethylmorphine 50 Piritramide 24 000 Etorphine 1 Remifentanil 4 500 Fentanyl 1 200 Sufentanil 600 Heroin 1 Thebaine 110 Hydrocodone 1 100 Hydromorphone 3 000 Azerbaijan Levomoramide 1 Codeine 2 000 Methadone 30 000 Fentanyl 60 Morphine 10 000 Methadone 6 000 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Morphine 3 600 MPPP 1 Thebaine 30 1 Trimeperidine 2 800 Normethadone 1 Bahamas* 1 Alfentanil 1 1 Cannabis 3 Oxycodone 1 Cocaine 3 Oxymorphone 1 Codeine 3 750 Para-fluorofentanyl 1 Dihydrocodeine 1 Pethidine 1 Fentanyl 23 Remifentanil 1 Heroin 1 Sufentanil 1 Hydrocodone 1 Thebaine 1 Hydromorphone 1 1 Ketobemidone 1 Trimeperidine 30 000 Methadone 1 Morphine 750 1 Oxycodone 3 750 AH-7921 1 Oxymorphone 1 Alfentanil 350 Pethidine 6 000 Cannabis 60 000 Sufentanil 1 Cocaine 7 500 Bahrain Codeine 1 830 000 Codeine 15 913 Codeine-N-oxide 1 Etorphine 3 Dihydrocodeine 1 Fentanyl 50 Ecgonine 1 Methadone 132 Ethylmorphine 140 000 Morphine 7 000 Etorphine 2 Oxycodone 1 750 Fentanyl 35 000 Pethidine 10 675 Heroin 1 Remifentanil 110 Hydrocodone 200 Bangladesh Hydromorphone 12 000 Fentanyl 1 200 Methadone 285 000 Methadone 40 000 Morphine 140 000

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ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Morphine-N-oxide 1 Codeine 2 643 MT-45 1 Fentanyl 825 Nicomorphine 1 Heroin 2 Norcodeine 1 Methadone 1 235 Normorphine 1 Morphine 5 250 Opium 5 000 Oxycodone 4 Oripavine 1 Pethidine 412 Oxycodone 320 000 Pholcodine 15 750 Pethidine 40 000 Remifentanil 19 Pholcodine 22 000 Sufentanil 4 Piritramide 20 000 Thebaine 1 Remifentanil 900 Botswana Sufentanil 90 Alfentanil 9 Thebaine 1 Codeine 18 000 Tilidine 2 000 000 Dihydrocodeine 1 000 Belize Etorphine 20 Cocaine 100 Fentanyl 7 Codeine 10 000 Hydromorphone 1 000 Dextropropoxyphene 4 000 Morphine 10 000 Dihydrocodeine 50 Oxycodone 400 Diphenoxylate 50 Pethidine 40 000 Fentanyl 25 Remifentanil 1 Hydrocodone 100 Sufentanil 3 Hydromorphone 100 Tilidine 300 Methadone 1 000 Brazil Morphine 4 000 3-Methylfentanyl 10 Oxycodone 250 6-Monoacetylmorphine 10 Pethidine 4 200 Alfentanil 3 244 Benin Alphaprodine 10 Codeine 1 500 10 Fentanyl 500 Bezitramide 10 Morphine 2 200 Cannabis 90 120 Pethidine 3 500 Cannabis resin 10 Sufentanil 1 Coca leaf 10 Bermuda* Cocaine 100 Alfentanil 4 Codeine 4 939 358 Cannabis 1 Codeine-N-oxide 10 Cannabis resin 1 Dextromoramide 10 Cocaine 75 Dextropropoxyphene 10 Codeine 1 875 Difenoxin 10 Dextromoramide 6 Dihydrocodeine 10 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Diphenoxylate 10 Dihydrocodeine 750 Dipipanone 10 Diphenoxylate 55 Ethylmorphine 10 Dipipanone 1 Etorphine 1 Etorphine 2 Fentanyl 5 887 Fentanyl 23 Heroin 10 Heroin 1 Hydrocodone 10 Hydrocodone 6 Hydromorphone 4 746 Hydromorphone 57 Ketobemidone 10 Methadone 1 500 10 Morphine 563 Methadone 95 027 Oxycodone 320 Morphine 2 056 081 Oxymorphone 1 Morphine-N-oxide 10 Pethidine 1 125 Nicomorphine 10 Pholcodine 38 Norcodeine 10 Remifentanil 8 Normethadone 10 Bhutan Opium 165 740 Codeine 500 Oripavine 10 Etorphine 1 Oxycodone 174 614 Fentanyl 2 Oxymorphone 10 Morphine 570 Pethidine 682 250 Pethidine 700 Pethidine intermediate B 10 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Phenoperidine 10 Codeine 323 140 Pholcodine 10 Fentanyl 60 Piritramide 1 Morphine 79 390 10 Oxycodone 27 062 Remifentanil 5 533 Pethidine 17 400 10 Remifentanil 150 Thebaine 10 Bosnia and Herzegovina* Tilidine 10 Alfentanil 19 British Virgin Islands Cannabis 2 Codeine 200 Cannabis resin 2 Dihydrocodeine 30 Cocaine 2 Diphenoxylate 10

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ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Fentanyl 20 Morphine 8 000 Hydromorphone 2 Pethidine 8 000 Morphine 200 Pholcodine 1 500 Oxycodone 100 Canada Pethidine 650 3-Methylfentanyl 10 Remifentanil 1 3-Methylthiofentanyl 1 Brunei Darussalam Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl 5 Alfentanil 2 Acetyldihydrocodeine 1 Codeine 5 000 5 Dihydrocodeine 1 000 Alfentanil 150 Fentanyl 55 5 Morphine 1 200 3 Oxycodone 250 Alphameprodine 5 Pethidine 1 200 5 Pholcodine 1 000 Alpha-methylfentanyl 1 Remifentanil 3 Alpha-methylthiofentanyl 1 Alphaprodine 5 Alfentanil 10 Anileridine 1 Cocaine 1 1 Codeine 4 000 000 Beta-Hydroxyfentanyl 1 Codeine-N-oxide 5 Betameprodine 1 Dextropropoxyphene 500 Cannabis resin 481 500 1 Cocaine 20 000 Dihydrocodeine 15 000 Codeine 17 500 000 Ecgonine 2 Desomorphine 1 Ethylmorphine 10 000 Dextromoramide 1 Fentanyl 600 Dextropropoxyphene 100 Heroin 1 5 Hydrocodone 1 Difenoxin 5 Hydromorphone 1 Dihydrocodeine 2 5 Dihydromorphine 3 100 Methadone 150 000 5 Morphine 50 000 5 Morphine-N-oxide 2 Diphenoxylate 5 000 Normorphine 1 Dipipanone 5 Opium 10 5 Oxycodone 35 000 Ecgonine 1 Oxymorphone 1 Ethylmorphine 3 Pethidine 20 000 5 Piritramide 1 000 Etorphine 5 Remifentanil 35 5 Sufentanil 10 Fentanyl 100 000 Tilidine 10 000 5 Burkina Faso Heroin 60 000 Dextromoramide 1 Hydrocodone 85 000 Fentanyl 7 1 Morphine 2 752 Hydromorphone 2 100 000 Pethidine 35 Isomethadone 5 Sufentanil 1 Ketobemidone 2 Burundi 5 Codeine 1 000 5 Fentanyl 2 Levorphanol 25 Morphine 3 000 Methadone 2 500 000 Pethidine 1 000 25 Cabo Verde Morphine 4 000 000 Alfentanil 1 Morphine-N-oxide 5 Cannabis 1 MPPP 25 Cannabis resin 1 Norcodeine 1 Cocaine 1 Normethadone 10 000 Codeine 40 Normorphine 1 Fentanyl 4 Norpipanone 25 Heroin 1 Opium 7 000 Methadone 8 Oripavine 15 000 Morphine 220 Oxycodone 9 000 000 Pethidine 200 Oxymorphone 20 000 Cambodia* Para-fluorofentanyl 1 Codeine 116 500 Pethidine 400 000 Fentanyl 19 25 Methadone 5 625 5 Morphine 10 000 10 Oxycodone 2 000 1 Pethidine 500 Phenoperidine 25 Cameroon* Pholcodine 20 Codeine 40 000 25 Fentanyl 5 Piritramide 5

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ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Proheptazine 5 Sufentanil 2 000 25 Thebaine 750 000 5 Tilidine 150 000 Racemoramide 5 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of 1 China Remifentanil 700 Alfentanil 20 Sufentanil 200 Alphacetylmethadol 1 Thebaine 15 000 Anileridine 1 Thiofentanyl 5 Cannabis 4 Tilidine 5 Cannabis resin 2 Trimeperidine 5 Coca leaf 2 U-47700 5 Cocaine 7 500 Cayman Islands* Codeine 4 501 000 Alfentanil 1 Desomorphine 1 Cannabis 3 Dextromoramide 5 Cocaine 22 Dextropropoxyphene 1 000 Codeine 27 Dihydrocodeine 514 000 Dihydrocodeine 30 Diphenoxylate 12 050 Fentanyl 30 Dipipanone 500 Heroin 26 Ecgonine 2 Hydrocodone 180 Ethylmorphine 30 050 Hydromorphone 60 Etonitazene 1 Methadone 26 Etorphine 4 Morphine 450 Fentanyl 250 Oxycodone 675 Heroin 15 Oxymorphone 206 Hydrocodone 150 Pethidine 1 688 Hydromorphone 2 000 Remifentanil 3 Levomethorphan 1 Central African Republic* Levorphanol 1 Codeine 15 000 Methadone 180 000 Fentanyl 3 Morphine 32 000 Methadone 1 500 Norcodeine 1 Morphine 6 000 Normethadone 250 Pethidine 4 000 Normorphine 1 Chad* Opium 25 000 Codeine 79 Oxycodone 10 500 Fentanyl 256 Oxymorphone 1 Morphine 187 Pethidine 34 000 Chile Pethidine intermediate B 1 Alfentanil 12 Phenazocine 1 Cannabis 15 000 Pholcodine 5 001 000 Cocaine 40 Racemorphan 1 Codeine 1 158 887 Remifentanil 100 Ethylmorphine 2 000 Sufentanil 10 Fentanyl 6 820 Thebaine 2 Methadone 17 000 Macao Special Administrative Region of China Morphine 160 000 3-Monoacetylmorphine 2 Oripavine 3 6-Monoacetylmorphine 2 Oxycodone 4 500 Alfentanil 5 Pethidine 25 000 Alphaprodine 2 Remifentanil 504 Anileridine 2 Sufentanil 1 Bezitramide 2 China Cannabis 8 Alfentanil 5 Cannabis resin 8 Cannabis 5 Coca leaf 2 Cocaine 5 000 Cocaine 6 Codeine 7 850 000 Codeine 2 000 Conc. of poppy straw Dextromoramide 2 AMA 200 300 000 Dextropropoxyphene 2 ATA 200 000 Difenoxin 2 Dihydrocodeine 950 000 Dihydrocodeine 1 200 Diphenoxylate 2 820 000 Diphenoxylate 30 Etorphine 50 Dipipanone 2 Fentanyl 55 000 Ecgonine 2 Hydrocodone 80 000 Ethylmorphine 2 Hydromorphone 10 000 Etorphine 2 Methadone 3 100 000 Fentanyl 70 Morphine 11 100 000 Heroin 5 Opium 10 800 000 Hydrocodone 4 Oripavine 50 Hydromorphone 2 Oxycodone 2 000 000 Ketobemidone 2 Oxymorphone 15 000 Levorphanol 2 Pethidine 1 800 000 Methadone 10 000 Pholcodine 1 010 000 Morphine 5 000 Remifentanil 40 000 Morphine-3-B-D-glucuronide 2

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ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Nicomorphine 2 Côte d'Ivoire Norcodeine 2 Cocaine 1 Normethadone 2 Codeine 75 000 Opium 2 Fentanyl 30 Oripavine 2 Heroin 1 Oxycodone 500 Methadone 1 Oxymorphone 4 Morphine 350 Pethidine 3 000 Pholcodine 12 000 Phenoperidine 100 Sufentanil 2 Pholcodine 4 Croatia Piritramide 2 Alfentanil 5 Remifentanil 15 Cannabis 1 000 Sufentanil 2 Cocaine 500 Thebacon 2 Codeine 360 000 Thebaine 4 Codeine-N-oxide 15 Tilidine 2 Dihydrocodeine 1 Christmas Island Dihydromorphine 2 Fentanyl 1 Ecgonine 4 Hydromorphone 1 Ethylmorphine 1 Morphine 2 Fentanyl 2 500 Oxycodone 40 Heroin 3 Colombia Hydrocodone 3 100 Alfentanil 5 Hydromorphone 3 100 Cannabis 40 500 000 Methadone 130 000 Cannabis resin 4 000 000 Methadone intermediate 15 Cocaine 50 Morphine 77 000 Codeine 2 900 000 Morphine-N-oxide 15 Codeine-N-oxide 5 Norcodeine 2 Dihydrocodeine 900 000 Normorphine 1 Diphenoxylate 51 000 Oxycodone 25 000 Ecgonine 20 Oxymorphone 3 100 Etorphine 6 Pethidine 6 500 Fentanyl 6 000 Pholcodine 40 000 Heroin 20 Remifentanil 300 Hydrocodone 240 000 Sufentanil 10 Hydromorphone 18 000 Thebaine 10 Methadone 84 000 Cuba Morphine 115 000 Cocaine 2 Opium 10 Codeine 296 100 Oxycodone 253 000 Diphenoxylate 465 Oxymorphone 6 Ecgonine 1 Pethidine 88 000 Etorphine 1 Remifentanil 2 500 Fentanyl 193 Sufentanil 6 Heroin 1 Thebaine 6 Hydrocodone 1 Comoros Hydromorphone 1 Dextromoramide 4 Methadone 1 Fentanyl 1 Morphine 33 751 Morphine 116 Norcodeine 1 Sufentanil 1 Normorphine 2 Congo* Oxycodone 1 Codeine 3 200 Oxymorphone 1 Fentanyl 4 Pethidine 17 400 Morphine 2 200 Thebaine 1 Pethidine 3 200 Curaçao Cook Islands 6-Acetylmorphine 1 Cocaine 25 Alfentanil 5 Codeine 150 Bezitramide 2 Fentanyl 1 Cannabis 3 Heroin 25 Cocaine 200 Methadone 2 Codeine 10 000 Morphine 250 Dextromoramide 5 Oxycodone 25 Fentanyl 125 Pethidine 65 Heroin 1 Costa Rica Hydrocodone 5 Cocaine 10 Methadone 20 Codeine 1 258 000 Morphine 750 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Nicomorphine 5 Diphenoxylate 1 000 Opium 25 Fentanyl 296 Oxycodone 75 Heroin 10 Pethidine 850 Methadone 6 956 Piritramide 250 Morphine 44 954 Remifentanil 3 Oxycodone 9 180 Sufentanil 2 Pethidine 566

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ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Cyprus Morphine 40 000 Alfentanil 4 Pethidine 20 000 Cannabis 1 Sufentanil 2 Cannabis resin 1 Denmark Cocaine 1 Alfentanil 600 Codeine 120 000 Cannabis 135 000 Dextropropoxyphene 25 000 Cocaine 3 600 Dihydrocodeine 2 000 Codeine 1 500 000 Diphenoxylate 2 000 Codeine-N-oxide 1 Ecgonine 5 Conc. of poppy straw Etorphine 2 ACA 1 000 000 Fentanyl 230 AMA 200 000 Heroin 1 ATA 15 Hydrocodone 1 Desomorphine 1 Hydromorphone 1 Dextropropoxyphene 1 000 Methadone 170 Dihydrocodeine 1 Morphine 3 000 11 Oripavine 1 Dihydromorphine 5 Oxycodone 250 000 Diphenoxylate 1 000 Oxymorphone 1 Ecgonine 1 Pethidine 7 000 Ethylmorphine 500 Remifentanil 200 Etorphine 10 Sufentanil 45 Fentanyl 16 000 Thebaine 2 Heroin 50 000 Czechia Hydrocodone 10 000 3-Methylfentanyl 1 Hydromorphinol 1 6-Monoacetylmorphine 1 Hydromorphone 50 000 Alfentanil 130 Ketobemidone 25 000 Cannabis 50 000 Levorphanol 1 Cannabis resin 10 Methadone 320 000 Cocaine 3 000 Methadone intermediate 1 Codeine 460 000 Morphine 500 650 Codeine-N-oxide 5 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Desomorphine 1 MPPP 1 Dihydrocodeine 10 Nicomorphine 1 000 Dihydromorphine 5 Norcodeine 1 Ecgonine 10 Opium 50 000 Ethylmorphine 3 000 Oripavine 1 140 Etorphine 3 Oxycodone 400 000 Fentanyl 10 000 Oxymorphone 800 000 Heroin 5 Pethidine 50 000 Hydrocodone 40 Pholcodine 18 Hydromorphone 15 000 Remifentanil 1 700 Methadone 25 000 Sufentanil 20 Morphine 90 000 Thebaine 950 000 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Djibouti* Norcodeine 5 Alfentanil 1 Normorphine 10 Fentanyl 1 Opium 2 000 Morphine 820 Oripavine 5 Remifentanil 1 Oxycodone 190 000 Sufentanil 1 Oxymorphone 5 Dominica* Pethidine 40 000 Codeine 23 Piritramide 12 000 Dihydrocodeine 27 Remifentanil 20 Fentanyl 1 Sufentanil 75 Hydrocodone 5 Thebaine 2 700 000 Methadone 27 Tilidine 10 Morphine 158 Democratic People's Republic of Korea Pethidine 263 Cocaine 1 000 Dominican Republic Codeine 35 000 Alfentanil 100 Diphenoxylate 50 Codeine 200 000 Ethylmorphine 1 500 Dihydrocodeine 500 Etorphine 3 Fentanyl 200 Fentanyl 500 Hydrocodone 1 000 Morphine 20 000 Hydromorphone 1 000 Opium 600 000 Methadone 1 000 Trimeperidine 2 000 Morphine 15 000 Democratic Republic of the Congo* Oxycodone 6 000 Alfentanil 4 Oxymorphone 500 Codeine 70 000 Pethidine 2 000 Dextropropoxyphene 11 250 Remifentanil 100 Diphenoxylate 3 750 Ecuador Fentanyl 37 Cannabis 10 Methadone 12 Cannabis resin 10

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ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Cocaine 10 Remifentanil 16 Codeine 140 000 Sufentanil 1 Diphenoxylate 30 000 Thebaine 900 Fentanyl 400 Ethiopia Heroin 10 Codeine 75 000 Methadone 500 Diphenoxylate 1 000 Morphine 15 000 Fentanyl 20 Oxycodone 10 000 Methadone 1 000 Remifentanil 800 Morphine 300 000 Egypt Pethidine 80 000 3-Methylfentanyl 1 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Cocaine 1 Codeine 285 Codeine 400 000 Dihydrocodeine 59 Dextropropoxyphene 1 000 Fentanyl 6 Dihydrocodeine 3 000 Heroin 3 Diphenoxylate 5 000 Methadone 1 Ecgonine 1 Morphine 43 Fentanyl 3 000 Pethidine 2 Hydrocodone 5 000 Pholcodine 13 Hydromorphone 2 000 Remifentanil 1 Methadone 1 Fiji Morphine 18 000 Codeine 250 Oxycodone 22 000 Fentanyl 14 Oxymorphone 1 Methadone 8 Pethidine 90 000 Morphine 1 400 Pholcodine 200 000 Oxycodone 45 Racemoramide 1 Pethidine 3 000 Remifentanil 30 Finland Sufentanil 50 3-Methylfentanyl 1 El Salvador 3-Methylthiofentanyl 1 Codeine 400 000 6-Monoacetylmorphine 1 Fentanyl 250 Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl 1 Hydrocodone 500 Acetylfentanyl 1 Methadone 6 000 AH-7921 1 Morphine 20 000 Alfentanil 220 Opium 12 000 Alpha-methylfentanyl 1 Oxycodone 6 000 Alpha-methylthiofentanyl 1 Pethidine 14 000 Beta-hydroxy-3-methyl fentanyl 1 Remifentanil 135 Beta-Hydroxyfentanyl 1 Equatorial Guinea* Cannabis 75 000 Cocaine 150 Cocaine 8 000 Codeine 263 Codeine 550 000 Diphenoxylate 75 Desomorphine 1 Fentanyl 113 Dextropropoxyphene 50 Methadone 263 Dihydrocodeine 1 Tilidine 263 Ecgonine 1 Eritrea* Ethylmorphine 60 100 Codeine 6 500 Etorphine 1 Fentanyl 1 Fentanyl 20 000 Morphine 3 000 Heroin 1 Pethidine 5 000 Hydrocodone 5 Estonia Hydromorphone 3 000 3-Methylfentanyl 1 Levomethorphan 1 Alfentanil 1 Methadone 80 000 Cannabis 6 500 Morphine 80 000 Cannabis resin 3 MPPP 1 Cocaine 1 000 Norcodeine 1 Codeine 1 370 Normethadone 2 Desomorphine 1 Opium 5 000 Dihydrocodeine 500 Oxycodone 400 000 Dihydromorphine 500 Para-fluorofentanyl 1 Ecgonine 25 Pethidine 3 000 Ethylmorphine 200 Pethidine intermediate B 1 Etorphine 33 Pholcodine 5 Fentanyl 700 Remifentanil 500 Heroin 2 Sufentanil 5 Hydrocodone 200 France Hydromorphone 200 Alfentanil 1 500 Methadone 23 000 Alphaprodine 3 Morphine 11 500 Anileridine 3 Opium 2 Bezitramide 3 Oripavine 1 500 Cannabis 600 000 Oxycodone 16 000 Cannabis resin 200 Oxymorphone 500 Coca leaf 5 000 Pethidine 6 000 Cocaine 3 000

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ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Codeine 36 006 000 Methadone 3 Codeine-N-oxide 5 Morphine 188 Conc. of poppy straw Pethidine 563 ACA 4 020 000 Georgia AMA 58 315 400 3-Methylfentanyl 1 AOA 25 400 3-Methylthiofentanyl 1 ATA 25 213 000 6-Acetylmorphine 1 Dextromoramide 3 1 Dextropropoxyphene 200 Acetyldihydrocodeine 1 Difenoxin 3 Acetylmethadol 1 Dihydrocodeine 1 000 AH-7921 1 Diphenoxylate 100 Alfentanil 1 Dipipanone 1 000 Allylprodine 1 Ecgonine 5 Alphacetylmethadol 1 Ethylmorphine 302 000 Alphameprodine 1 Fentanyl 90 000 Alphamethadol 1 Heroin 100 Alphaprodine 1 Hydrocodone 100 1 Hydromorphone 15 000 1 Ketobemidone 1 000 Betameprodine 1 Levorphanol 3 1 Methadone 1 500 000 Betaprodine 1 Morphine 104 500 000 Bezitramide 1 Morphine-N-oxide 5 Cannabis 1 Nicomorphine 3 Cannabis resin 1 Norcodeine 5 Cocaine 1 Normethadone 3 Codeine 100 Opium 15 001 000 Desomorphine 1 Oripavine 200 Dextromoramide 1 Oxycodone 27 000 000 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Oxymorphone 200 Dihydrocodeine 1 Pethidine 5 000 Dihydromorphine 1 Phenoperidine 3 Dipipanone 1 Pholcodine 1 001 000 Ecgonine 1 Piritramide 3 Ethylmorphine 1 Remifentanil 2 500 Etorphine 1 Sufentanil 900 Fentanyl 100 Thebacon 3 Heroin 1 Thebaine 25 005 000 Hydrocodone 1 Tilidine 100 Hydromorphone 1 French Polynesia Ketobemidone 1 Alfentanil 20 Levomethorphan 1 Cannabis 1 Levorphanol 1 Cannabis resin 20 1 Cocaine 50 Methadone 65 000 Codeine 5 Morphine 10 200 Dihydrocodeine 1 1 Ethylmorphine 1 Norcodeine 1 Fentanyl 250 1 Heroin 20 Normethadone 1 Hydromorphone 5 Normorphine 1 Methadone 150 Oripavine 1 Morphine 3 000 Oxycodone 100 Oxycodone 100 Oxymorphone 1 Pethidine 60 Pethidine 10 Pholcodine 1 Phenoperidine 1 Remifentanil 20 Pholcodine 1 Sufentanil 2 Racemethorphan 1 Gabon* Racemorphan 1 Alfentanil 1 Remifentanil 1 Cocaine 1 Sufentanil 1 Codeine 1 300 Thebacon 1 Dextromoramide 1 Thebaine 1 Dextropropoxyphene 416 Thiofentanyl 1 Fentanyl 6 Tilidine 1 Morphine 180 Trimeperidine 900 Oxycodone 8 Pethidine 346 3-Methylfentanyl 1 Phenoperidine 2 Alfentanil 1 300 Sufentanil 1 Cannabis 8 500 000 Gambia* Cocaine 2 500 Codeine 188 Codeine 12 020 000 Dextropropoxyphene 141 Codeine-N-oxide 1 Dihydrocodeine 141 Desomorphine 1 Fentanyl 29 Dextropropoxyphene 20

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ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Dihydrocodeine 20 050 Methadone 19 Diphenoxylate 100 Morphine 338 Dipipanone 1 Pethidine 375 Ecgonine 5 Guatemala Etorphine 1 Alfentanil 2 Fentanyl 515 000 Codeine 200 000 Heroin 80 000 Diphenoxylate 7 000 Hydrocodone 1 000 Fentanyl 300 Hydromorphone 550 000 Hydrocodone 10 000 Ketobemidone 250 000 Methadone 3 000 Levomethorphan 1 Morphine 6 000 Methadone 5 000 000 Oxycodone 18 000 Methadone intermediate 3 600 000 Pethidine 27 000 Morphine 1 600 000 Remifentanil 8 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Guinea* MPPP 1 Codeine 9 500 Norcodeine 1 Fentanyl 25 Normorphine 1 Morphine 3 500 Opium 440 000 Pethidine 8 300 Oripavine 1 Guinea-Bissau* Oxycodone 3 500 000 Fentanyl 1 Oxymorphone 4 000 Morphine 1 500 Pethidine 655 000 Pethidine 1 000 Pethidine intermediate B 1 Guyana* Pholcodine 1 Cocaine 1 Piritramide 135 000 Codeine 31 051 Remifentanil 15 000 Fentanyl 1 Sufentanil 1 200 Heroin 1 Thebaine 100 Hydrocodone 1 Tilidine 51 120 000 Hydromorphone 1 Ghana Methadone 375 Cocaine 10 Morphine 1 500 Codeine 150 000 Oxycodone 1 Dextropropoxyphene 500 Oxymorphone 1 Dihydrocodeine 20 000 Pethidine 3 938 Fentanyl 10 Pholcodine 1 500 Heroin 2 Remifentanil 1 Methadone 2 Haiti Morphine 10 000 Codeine 7 620 Opium 10 Fentanyl 27 Oxycodone 200 Morphine 8 735 Pethidine 100 000 Honduras Remifentanil 20 Codeine 18 000 Gibraltar Fentanyl 200 Alfentanil 1 Morphine 1 000 Cannabis 1 500 Oxycodone 3 000 Cocaine 10 Pethidine 3 300 Dihydrocodeine 5 Hungary Fentanyl 150 Alfentanil 1 Heroin 40 Beta-Hydroxyfentanyl 1 Hydromorphone 5 Cocaine 800 Methadone 5 Codeine 4 395 750 Morphine 400 Codeine-N-oxide 4 Oxycodone 950 Conc. of poppy straw Pethidine 30 ACA 154 000 Remifentanil 5 AMA 7 604 100 Greece ATA 3 079 000 Alfentanil 12 Dextropropoxyphene 4 Cocaine 10 Difenoxin 1 Codeine 644 000 Dihydrocodeine 352 700 Codeine-N-oxide 1 Diphenoxylate 14 000 Dextropropoxyphene 150 000 Ecgonine 1 Fentanyl 14 000 Ethylmorphine 55 000 Methadone 43 623 Fentanyl 10 000 Morphine 3 311 Heroin 2 Oxycodone 1 506 Hydrocodone 1 Pethidine 20 642 Hydromorphone 2 100 Remifentanil 929 Methadone 24 600 Grenada* Morphine 8 508 000 Alfentanil 1 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Cocaine 8 Norcodeine 1 Codeine 188 Oxycodone 3 018 500 Dihydrocodeine 60 Oxymorphone 2 400 000 Fentanyl 2 Pethidine 25 000 Hydrocodone 4 Remifentanil 1

10

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Sufentanil 4 Dipipanone 1 Thebaine 4 100 001 Ethylmorphine 100 Iceland Etorphine 2 Alfentanil 2 Fentanyl 550 Codeine 120 000 Heroin 50 Fentanyl 500 Hydrocodone 50 Hydromorphone 100 Hydromorphone 50 Ketobemidone 600 Levorphanol 1 Methadone 500 Methadone 5 500 000 Morphine 10 000 Morphine 35 000 Oxycodone 13 000 Normethadone 1 Pethidine 400 Opium 155 000 000 Remifentanil 12 Oxycodone 500 000 Sufentanil 1 Oxymorphone 10 India Pethidine 550 000 Cannabis 10 Pholcodine 1 Cocaine 3 Remifentanil 650 Codeine 65 000 000 Sufentanil 25 Difenoxin 5 Thebacon 1 Dihydrocodeine 5 000 000 Thebaine 1 000 Diphenoxylate 14 100 000 Tilidine 10 Ecgonine 2 Iraq* Ethylmorphine 500 000 Codeine 2 500 000 Etorphine 4 Diphenoxylate 431 250 Fentanyl 13 750 Fentanyl 225 Heroin 3 Morphine 8 000 Hydrocodone 10 000 Pethidine 65 000 Hydromorphone 100 Remifentanil 57 Levorphanol 1 200 Ireland Methadone 2 500 000 Alfentanil 160 Morphine 17 650 000 Cannabis 5 Morphine-N-oxide 10 Cannabis resin 5 Normethadone 10 000 Coca leaf 5 Normorphine 10 Cocaine 500 Opium 263 000 000 Codeine 5 007 000 Oripavine 800 000 Dextromoramide 500 Oxycodone 130 000 Dextropropoxyphene 1 000 Oxymorphone 5 Dihydrocodeine 1 000 Pethidine 700 000 Dipipanone 250 Pholcodine 600 000 Ethylmorphine 5 Remifentanil 1 500 Etorphine 5 Sufentanil 25 Fentanyl 5 000 Thebaine 2 000 000 Heroin 5 Tilidine 140 000 Hydrocodone 1 000 Trimeperidine 300 000 Hydromorphone 4 000 Indonesia Levorphanol 5 Acetylfentanyl 1 Methadone 250 000 Cannabis 2 Methadone intermediate 5 Cannabis resin 2 Morphine 50 000 Codeine 2 068 000 Morphine-N-oxide 5 Fentanyl 1 800 Norcodeine 1 Heroin 4 Normorphine 5 Hydromorphone 1 300 Opium 1 100 Methadone 108 000 Oripavine 10 000 Morphine 60 900 Oxycodone 170 000 Oxycodone 6 600 Oxymorphone 1 000 Pethidine 130 500 Pethidine 18 000 Remifentanil 1 Pholcodine 160 000 Sufentanil 1 Remifentanil 315 Iran (Islamic Republic of) Sufentanil 5 Alfentanil 700 Thebaine 1 000 Alphaprodine 2 Tilidine 5 000 Anileridine 2 Israel Cannabis 100 Alfentanil 3 Cannabis resin 10 Cannabis 10 150 000 Coca leaf 2 Cocaine 1 600 Cocaine 100 Codeine 2 450 000 Codeine 26 000 000 Codeine-N-oxide 5 Conc. of poppy straw Etorphine 3 AMA 10 000 000 Fentanyl 18 000 Dextromoramide 10 Heroin 10 Dextropropoxyphene 100 Hydrocodone 5 Difenoxin 2 Hydromorphone 500 Dihydrocodeine 5 000 Methadone 270 000 Diphenoxylate 1 200 000 Morphine 60 000

11

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Morphine-N-oxide 5 Dihydrocodeine 12 250 000 Opium 40 Dihydromorphine 2 Oxycodone 450 000 Drotebanol 1 400 Pethidine 27 000 Ecgonine 3 Remifentanil 400 Ethylmorphine 10 Italy Etorphine 3 3-Methylfentanyl 2 Fentanyl 65 000 Alfentanil 15 Hydrocodone 101 Alphaprodine 2 Hydromorphone 25 000 Anileridine 2 Levorphanol 1 Bezitramide 2 Methadone 17 000 Cannabis 1 200 000 Morphine 14 260 000 Cocaine 2 065 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Codeine 25 700 000 Opium 60 050 000 Codeine-N-oxide 10 Oxycodone 900 000 Conc. of poppy straw Oxymorphone 33 ACA 3 600 000 Pethidine 90 000 AMA 3 600 000 Racemethorphan 1 AOA 4 500 000 Remifentanil 12 000 ATA 1 600 000 Sufentanil 2 Dextropropoxyphene 5 Thebaine 2 700 000 Difenoxin 3 Jordan Dihydrocodeine 800 012 Cannabis 2 Dihydroetorphine 2 Cocaine 1 Dihydromorphine 5 Codeine 50 000 Diphenoxylate 3 Dihydrocodeine 1 000 Dipipanone 3 Fentanyl 600 Ecgonine 9 Heroin 1 Ethylmorphine 7 Hydrocodone 100 Etorphine 18 Hydromorphone 250 Fentanyl 100 000 Methadone 500 Heroin 45 Morphine 55 500 Hydrocodone 7 Oxycodone 3 000 Hydromorphone 80 500 Oxymorphone 100 Ketobemidone 2 Pethidine 70 000 Levomethorphan 6 Remifentanil 350 Levorphanol 2 Kazakhstan Methadone 2 300 000 3-Monoacetylmorphine 3 Methadone intermediate 10 6-Monoacetylmorphine 3 Morphine 2 720 000 Alfentanil 1 MPPP 2 Allylprodine 1 Nicomorphine 3 Anileridine 1 Normethadone 3 Bezitramide 1 Opium 2 Cocaine 1 Oripavine 4 Codeine 149 516 Oxycodone 1 900 000 Dextromoramide 1 Oxymorphone 3 500 005 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Pethidine 110 000 Difenoxin 1 Phenazocine 1 Dihydrocodeine 1 Pholcodine 300 004 Diphenoxylate 1 Piritramide 12 Dipipanone 1 Racemoramide 6 Ethylmorphine 473 Remifentanil 3 300 Etorphine 1 Sufentanil 100 Fentanyl 1 430 Thebacon 2 Heroin 3 Thebaine 2 000 006 Hydrocodone 1 Tilidine 39 Hydromorphone 1 Jamaica Ketobemidone 1 Cannabis 2 000 Levorphanol 1 Cannabis resin 1 500 Methadone 30 662 Cocaine 25 Morphine 79 453 Codeine 24 537 Nicomorphine 1 Fentanyl 20 Normethadone 1 Methadone 300 Opium 800 Morphine 6 000 Oripavine 1 Oxycodone 80 Oxycodone 1 Pethidine 17 000 Oxymorphone 1 Remifentanil 3 Pethidine 1 Japan Phenoperidine 1 Alfentanil 5 Pholcodine 1 Cocaine 25 000 Piritramide 1 Codeine 11 200 000 Remifentanil 1 Conc. of poppy straw Sufentanil 1 AMA 15 001 000 Thebacon 1 ATA 1 501 000 Thebaine 38

12

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Tilidine 1 Sufentanil 1 Trimeperidine 106 409 Thebaine 1 Kenya Trimeperidine 4 000 Cannabis 1 Lebanon Cannabis resin 1 Codeine 80 000 Cocaine 1 Fentanyl 250 Codeine 180 000 Morphine 7 500 Dihydrocodeine 50 000 Oxycodone 2 500 Etorphine 15 Pethidine 20 000 Fentanyl 100 Remifentanil 150 Hydrocodone 75 Sufentanil 5 Hydromorphone 54 Lesotho Methadone 100 000 Codeine 1 200 Morphine 100 000 Dihydrocodeine 900 Oxycodone 750 Fentanyl 7 Pethidine 80 000 Morphine 75 Remifentanil 38 Pethidine 2 000 Kiribati Tilidine 10 Codeine 22 Liberia Fentanyl 43 Codeine 3 000 Morphine 34 Fentanyl 75 Pethidine 90 Methadone 1 000 Kuwait Morphine 5 000 Alfentanil 300 Pethidine 3 000 Cannabis 600 Libya* Cannabis resin 250 Alfentanil 15 Cocaine 2 Codeine 3 000 Codeine 1 100 Dihydrocodeine 141 Dextropropoxyphene 100 Fentanyl 40 Diphenoxylate 2 Morphine 1 500 Fentanyl 500 Pethidine 15 000 Heroin 2 Remifentanil 2 Hydrocodone 100 Lithuania Hydromorphone 300 Cocaine 2 Methadone 300 Codeine 2 Morphine 2 000 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Opium 100 Ecgonine 1 Oxycodone 6 000 Fentanyl 1 000 Pethidine 20 000 Heroin 2 Remifentanil 515 Methadone 11 000 Sufentanil 3 Morphine 11 000 Kyrgyzstan Morphine-N-oxide 1 Cocaine 1 Oripavine 1 Codeine 4 000 Oxycodone 50 Ethylmorphine 1 Pethidine 17 500 Fentanyl 40 Remifentanil 10 Methadone 40 000 Thebaine 1 Morphine 5 000 Trimeperidine 2 Thebaine 1 Luxembourg Trimeperidine 10 000 Alfentanil 15 Lao People's Democratic Republic Cannabis 18 000 Cannabis 1 Cocaine 500 Cocaine 1 Codeine 50 Codeine 25 000 Fentanyl 1 200 Fentanyl 9 Heroin 10 000 Heroin 200 Hydromorphone 900 Morphine 4 500 Methadone 16 000 Opium 1 Morphine 9 000 Pethidine 7 500 Opium 300 Latvia Oxycodone 7 000 Alfentanil 43 Pethidine 500 Cannabis 1 Piritramide 3 000 Cannabis resin 1 Remifentanil 230 Cocaine 1 Sufentanil 10 Codeine 300 Tilidine 60 000 Fentanyl 1 500 Madagascar Heroin 1 Alfentanil 33 Hydromorphone 906 Codeine 447 910 Methadone 19 000 Dextropropoxyphene 180 Morphine 6 000 Fentanyl 42 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Morphine 11 625 Oripavine 1 Opium 124 625 Oxycodone 375 Pethidine 502 Pethidine 720 Sufentanil 5 Remifentanil 2

13

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Malawi Alphaprodine 1 Codeine 29 100 Anileridine 1 Etorphine 1 Bezitramide 1 Methadone 20 Cannabis 1 Morphine 46 220 Cannabis resin 1 Pethidine 34 340 Coca leaf 1 Malaysia Cocaine 26 Alfentanil 10 Codeine 441 330 Cannabis 30 Dextromoramide 1 Cannabis resin 10 Dextropropoxyphene 1 044 007 Cocaine 6 000 Difenoxin 1 Codeine 90 001 Dihydrocodeine 1 Dihydrocodeine 100 000 Diphenoxylate 1 Diphenoxylate 90 000 Dipipanone 1 Etorphine 2 Etorphine 11 Fentanyl 800 Fentanyl 7 445 Heroin 20 Heroin 15 Hydrocodone 10 Hydrocodone 6 Hydromorphone 10 Hydromorphone 10 975 Methadone 500 000 Ketobemidone 1 Morphine 60 000 Levorphanol 1 Oxycodone 24 000 Methadone 607 400 Oxymorphone 10 Morphine 322 500 Pethidine 100 000 Opium 2 Pholcodine 100 000 Oripavine 1 Remifentanil 150 Oxycodone 264 652 Sufentanil 1 Oxymorphone 1 Thebaine 10 Pethidine 4 Maldives Pholcodine 1 Fentanyl 29 Remifentanil 2 020 Methadone 2 500 Sufentanil 46 Morphine 194 Thebaine 1 Pethidine 507 Tilidine 1 Mali Micronesia (Federated States of) Alfentanil 1 Codeine 1 137 Codeine 5 779 Fentanyl 4 Fentanyl 61 Morphine 148 Morphine 9 034 Oxycodone 9 Oxycodone 8 986 Pethidine 223 Pethidine 165 Mongolia Remifentanil 3 Codeine 5 000 Sufentanil 3 Fentanyl 150 Malta Morphine 11 000 Alfentanil 50 Oxycodone 250 Cannabis 1 Trimeperidine 1 500 Cocaine 1 Montenegro Codeine 2 Cannabis 6 Dextropropoxyphene 1 000 000 Cannabis resin 5 Fentanyl 40 Coca leaf 2 Heroin 40 Cocaine 3 Methadone 23 000 Codeine 2 Morphine 5 000 Fentanyl 412 Oxycodone 6 Heroin 3 Pethidine 3 500 Methadone 4 501 Remifentanil 5 Morphine 393 Sufentanil 1 Opium 2 Marshall Islands* Pethidine 135 Codeine 97 Remifentanil 8 Fentanyl 1 Montserrat* Morphine 75 Codeine 58 Pethidine 166 Morphine 2 Mauritania* Pethidine 9 Codeine 4 000 Morocco Fentanyl 8 Alfentanil 75 Morphine 4 000 Codeine 2 842 015 Mauritius Fentanyl 375 Alfentanil 2 Methadone 68 000 Etorphine 1 Morphine 10 704 Fentanyl 17 Norcodeine 2 Methadone 75 000 Oxycodone 6 575 Morphine 900 Pholcodine 62 400 Pethidine 9 000 Remifentanil 4 Remifentanil 3 Sufentanil 19 Mexico Mozambique Alfentanil 1 Codeine 25 300

14

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Diphenoxylate 5 500 Oxycodone 800 000 Etorphine 5 Oxymorphone 500 Fentanyl 400 Pethidine 15 000 Morphine 17 000 Pholcodine 50 100 Pethidine 13 000 Piritramide 15 000 Pholcodine 700 Racemoramide 1 Myanmar Remifentanil 700 Codeine 125 137 Sufentanil 65 Etorphine 1 Thebaine 20 Fentanyl 51 Tilidine 10 Methadone 934 098 New Caledonia Morphine 10 066 Alfentanil 3 Opium 6 500 000 Cocaine 5 Oxycodone 5 000 Codeine 5 Pethidine 34 648 Fentanyl 300 Sufentanil 10 Hydromorphone 100 Namibia Methadone 300 Alfentanil 12 Morphine 5 000 Cocaine 500 Oxycodone 3 000 Codeine 1 350 Remifentanil 20 Dihydrocodeine 10 Sufentanil 5 Dipipanone 10 New Zealand Etorphine 50 Alfentanil 109 Fentanyl 100 Cannabis 15 000 Hydromorphone 350 Cannabis resin 5 Methadone 15 Cocaine 4 000 Morphine 10 000 Codeine 1 400 000 Oxycodone 1 500 Dextromoramide 14 Pethidine 15 000 Dextropropoxyphene 40 Remifentanil 15 Difenoxin 3 Sufentanil 2 Dihydrocodeine 250 000 Tilidine 700 Diphenoxylate 10 Nauru Dipipanone 1 Codeine 60 Ethylmorphine 100 Fentanyl 1 Etorphine 3 Morphine 10 Fentanyl 5 000 Oxycodone 6 Heroin 10 Pethidine 80 Hydrocodone 1 Nepal Hydromorphone 35 Codeine 350 000 Methadone 500 000 Dextropropoxyphene 2 000 Morphine 280 000 Etorphine 3 Opium 15 000 Fentanyl 200 Oxycodone 230 000 Methadone 30 000 Oxymorphone 5 Morphine 25 000 Pethidine 30 000 Pethidine 30 000 Pholcodine 56 000 Pholcodine 1 000 Remifentanil 120 Sufentanil 1 AH-7921 1 Thebaine 400 Alfentanil 220 Nicaragua Alpha-methylthiofentanyl 1 Codeine 25 350 Alphaprodine 1 Dextropropoxyphene 25 350 Anileridine 1 Fentanyl 338 Cannabis 600 000 Morphine 14 040 Coca leaf 50 000 Oxycodone 10 400 Cocaine 15 000 Niger* Codeine 265 000 Codeine 12 000 Dextromoramide 150 Fentanyl 9 Difenoxin 1 Morphine 12 000 Dihydrocodeine 100 Pethidine 11 000 Dihydroetorphine 1 Nigeria Dipipanone 1 Cocaine 375 Ecgonine 5 Codeine 4 240 000 Ethylmorphine 100 Dihydrocodeine 30 000 Etorphine 5 Diphenoxylate 20 000 Fentanyl 43 000 Etorphine 8 Heroin 160 000 Fentanyl 38 Hydrocodone 125 Hydromorphone 1 000 Hydromorphone 5 000 Methadone 5 000 Methadone 300 000 Morphine 36 000 Morphine 200 000 Oxycodone 5 000 Morphine-N-oxide 5 Oxymorphone 5 000 Nicomorphine 500 Pethidine 36 000 Opium 5 000 Pholcodine 30 000 Oripavine 5 000

15

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Niue Pethidine 330 Codeine 30 Panama Fentanyl 1 Cocaine 1 Morphine 2 Codeine 20 000 Oxycodone 1 Fentanyl 600 Pethidine 15 Heroin 1 Norfolk Island Morphine 8 000 Fentanyl 3 Oxycodone 5 000 Hydromorphone 1 Pethidine 6 000 Morphine 4 Remifentanil 200 Oxycodone 50 Papua New Guinea Codeine 6 125 3-Methylfentanyl 1 Dextropropoxyphene 133 Alfentanil 300 Fentanyl 30 Cannabis 100 000 Methadone 3 Cannabis resin 5 Morphine 7 336 Cocaine 2 300 Oxycodone 800 Codeine 7 000 500 Pethidine 29 267 Conc. of poppy straw Paraguay AMA 31 000 000 Alfentanil 120 Desomorphine 1 Alphameprodine 2 Dextropropoxyphene 26 Cannabis 5 Dihydrocodeine 1 Cocaine 5 Diphenoxylate 1 Codeine 400 000 Ecgonine 1 Dihydrocodeine 1 Ethylmorphine 2 025 Ethylmorphine 5 000 Etorphine 2 Fentanyl 2 500 Fentanyl 8 220 Heroin 2 Heroin 10 Hydrocodone 2 Hydrocodone 100 Hydromorphone 2 Hydromorphone 4 168 Levorphanol 2 Ketobemidone 15 500 Methadone 10 Levorphanol 1 Morphine 30 000 Methadone 112 000 Oxycodone 5 Morphine 2 129 000 Oxymorphone 2 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Pethidine 5 000 Norcodeine 1 Remifentanil 500 Normorphine 1 Peru Opium 12 000 Cocaine 500 000 Oxycodone 390 000 Codeine 730 000 Oxymorphone 1 Etorphine 1 Para-fluorofentanyl 1 Fentanyl 10 000 Pethidine 21 415 Methadone 1 500 Pethidine intermediate B 1 Morphine 60 000 Pholcodine 1 Oxycodone 70 000 Remifentanil 968 Pethidine 50 000 Sufentanil 2 Remifentanil 2 000 Thebaine 2 Philippines Oman Cocaine 2 Alfentanil 1 Codeine 2 Codeine 10 732 721 Fentanyl 600 Dihydrocodeine 84 Methadone 2 Fentanyl 683 Morphine 50 000 Heroin 1 Oxycodone 30 000 Levorphanol 1 Pethidine 30 000 Methadone 535 Remifentanil 100 Morphine 5 973 Poland Pethidine 14 478 Alfentanil 7 Remifentanil 68 Cannabis 70 000 Sufentanil 1 Cocaine 150 Pakistan Codeine 7 500 000 Codeine 2 000 000 Codeine-N-oxide 6 Diphenoxylate 1 024 000 Dihydrocodeine 70 000 Fentanyl 750 Diphenoxylate 1 000 Morphine 20 000 Ecgonine 2 Oxycodone 75 Ethylmorphine 50 000 Pethidine 40 000 Etorphine 100 Pholcodine 3 000 000 Fentanyl 20 000 Palau Heroin 60 Codeine 600 Hydrocodone 300 Fentanyl 1 Hydromorphone 300 Hydrocodone 15 Methadone 560 000 Methadone 10 Methadone intermediate 5 Morphine 85 Morphine 700 000 Oxycodone 300 Morphine-N-oxide 5

16

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Norcodeine 5 Romania Opium 100 000 Alfentanil 1 Oripavine 20 Cannabis 5 Oxycodone 300 000 Cannabis resin 5 Pethidine 100 000 Cocaine 2 Pethidine intermediate B 5 Codeine 1 190 000 Pethidine intermediate C 5 Dihydrocodeine 80 000 Pholcodine 20 000 Ecgonine 1 Remifentanil 350 Fentanyl 4 500 Sufentanil 35 Heroin 2 Thebaine 300 Hydrocodone 1 Tilidine 460 000 Hydromorphone 60 Portugal Methadone 40 000 3-Methylfentanyl 1 Morphine 70 000 Alfentanil 400 Oxycodone 50 000 Cocaine 5 000 Oxymorphone 1 Codeine 2 000 000 Pethidine 55 000 Codeine-N-oxide 1 Remifentanil 10 Desomorphine 1 Sufentanil 5 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Tilidine 5 500 Dihydrocodeine 1 Russian Federation Ecgonine 1 3-Methylfentanyl 1 Ethylmorphine 1 3-Methylthiofentanyl 1 Etorphine 1 6-Monoacetylmorphine 1 Fentanyl 15 000 Alfentanil 1 Heroin 1 Beta-hydroxy-3-methyl fentanyl 1 Hydromorphone 24 000 Cocaine 1 000 Levomethorphan 1 Codeine 2 010 000 Methadone 500 000 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Morphine 70 000 Dihydrocodeine 140 000 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Ecgonine 1 Oxycodone 12 000 Fentanyl 20 000 Pethidine 40 000 Hydrocodone 1 Pethidine intermediate A 1 Hydromorphone 1 Pethidine intermediate B 1 Methadone 1 Pethidine intermediate C 1 Morphine 250 000 Remifentanil 300 Oxycodone 50 000 Sufentanil 50 Oxymorphone 1 Thebaine 1 Pethidine 1 Qatar Pethidine intermediate B 1 Codeine 810 Racemoramide 1 Dihydrocodeine 300 Remifentanil 2 Diphenoxylate 10 Sufentanil 1 Etorphine 2 Thebaine 2 000 Fentanyl 125 Thiofentanyl 1 Hydromorphone 7 Trimeperidine 350 000 Methadone 165 Rwanda Morphine 4 500 Codeine 1 200 Oxycodone 140 Etorphine 10 Pethidine 900 Fentanyl 320 Remifentanil 115 Methadone 100 Sufentanil 1 Morphine 8 700 Republic of Korea Pethidine 5 000 Alfentanil 85 Saint Helena Cocaine 200 Codeine 300 Codeine 626 780 Fentanyl 1 Dihydrocodeine 5 394 288 Morphine 33 Fentanyl 21 002 Pethidine 8 Hydrocodone 9 562 Remifentanil 1 Hydromorphone 17 727 Saint Kitts and Nevis* Morphine 181 465 Codeine 38 Oxycodone 654 708 Etorphine 1 Oxymorphone 1 Fentanyl 1 Pethidine 265 089 Hydromorphone 8 Remifentanil 5 331 Morphine 634 Sufentanil 23 Pethidine 2 475 Republic of Moldova Saint Lucia Cocaine 600 Codeine 2 540 Codeine 70 000 Fentanyl 3 Fentanyl 700 Hydrocodone 8 Heroin 700 Methadone 1 Morphine 16 000 Morphine 336 Thebaine 500 Pethidine 1 233 Trimeperidine 11 200 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Cannabis 2

17

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Cocaine 10 Singapore Codeine 8 000 Alfentanil 30 Fentanyl 2 Cannabis 10 Morphine 2 600 Cannabis resin 5 Pethidine 4 470 Cocaine 400 Samoa Codeine 1 000 000 Codeine 100 Desomorphine 1 Fentanyl 1 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Methadone 300 Dihydrocodeine 1 Morphine 250 Diphenoxylate 200 000 Oxycodone 23 Ecgonine 1 Pethidine 230 Etorphine 1 Sao Tome and Principe* Fentanyl 1 500 Morphine 180 Heroin 10 Pethidine 150 Hydrocodone 10 Saudi Arabia Hydromorphone 200 Alfentanil 50 Levomethorphan 1 Cannabis 25 Methadone 400 Codeine 825 055 Morphine 10 000 Dextropropoxyphene 10 000 MT-45 1 Dihydrocodeine 1 700 Oripavine 1 Etorphine 10 Oxycodone 10 000 Fentanyl 9 000 Oxymorphone 1 Hydromorphone 15 400 Pethidine 20 000 Methadone 8 000 Pholcodine 15 000 Morphine 210 000 Remifentanil 100 Oxycodone 16 000 Sufentanil 1 Oxymorphone 4 000 Thebaine 1 Pethidine 60 000 Tilidine 1 Remifentanil 92 Sint Maarten Sufentanil 11 Alfentanil 3 Senegal Cannabis 1 Alfentanil 10 Codeine 4 000 Cocaine 400 Fentanyl 50 Codeine 870 000 Hydrocodone 1 Etorphine 2 Methadone 20 Fentanyl 26 Morphine 700 Methadone 19 000 Nicomorphine 2 Morphine 63 570 Oxycodone 200 Opium 620 000 Pethidine 400 Sufentanil 1 Piritramide 100 Serbia Remifentanil 1 Alfentanil 115 Sufentanil 1 Codeine 100 000 Slovakia Fentanyl 3 615 Alfentanil 20 700 Hydromorphone 2 520 Cocaine 200 Methadone 90 000 Codeine 3 835 500 Methadone intermediate 2 Conc. of poppy straw Morphine 65 906 ATA 2 999 700 Morphine-N-oxide 6 Fentanyl 6 000 Oxycodone 8 900 Hydrocodone 3 Pethidine 300 Hydromorphone 6 500 Pholcodine 9 800 Methadone 1 350 000 Remifentanil 11 Methadone intermediate 1 480 000 Sufentanil 6 Morphine 20 055 000 Seychelles Morphine-N-oxide 1 Cannabis 5 Oxycodone 674 000 Cannabis resin 3 Oxymorphone 2 Cocaine 3 Pethidine 1 340 000 Codeine 8 000 Pholcodine 2 Fentanyl 3 Piritramide 161 000 Heroin 2 Remifentanil 5 000 Methadone 2 000 Sufentanil 1 200 Morphine 850 Thebaine 2 000 000 Pethidine 500 Tilidine 2 000 000 Sufentanil 1 Slovenia Sierra Leone Alfentanil 30 Cannabis 5 000 Cannabis 15 000 Cannabis resin 5 000 Cocaine 3 000 Codeine 3 000 Codeine 200 000 Dihydrocodeine 1 Codeine-N-oxide 10 Fentanyl 5 Dihydrocodeine 5 000 Morphine 5 000 Fentanyl 6 000 Pethidine 10 000 Heroin 5 Hydrocodone 5

18

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Hydromorphone 6 000 Opium 500 000 Methadone 80 000 Oripavine 1 Morphine 150 000 Oxycodone 800 000 Opium 2 000 Oxymorphone 1 Oxycodone 390 000 Pethidine 3 000 000 Pethidine 1 000 Pholcodine 2 000 Pholcodine 60 000 Remifentanil 15 000 Piritramide 4 000 Sufentanil 1 000 Remifentanil 2 000 Thebaine 1 000 Sufentanil 5 Sri Lanka Solomon Islands Alfentanil 1 Codeine 283 Cocaine 450 Fentanyl 9 Codeine 230 000 Morphine 520 Fentanyl 40 Oxycodone 20 Methadone 135 Pethidine 1 800 Morphine 30 000 Somalia* Opium 110 000 Codeine 17 500 Pethidine 16 000 Methadone 15 700 Remifentanil 1 Morphine 14 500 Sudan* Pethidine 15 700 Fentanyl 26 South Africa Morphine 32 000 Alfentanil 610 Pethidine 30 000 Cocaine 5 100 Suriname* Codeine 6 022 800 Cocaine 15 Conc. of poppy straw Codeine 7 500 AMA 20 168 000 Fentanyl 30 Dextromoramide 2 Morphine 538 Dihydrocodeine 120 650 Pethidine 100 Diphenoxylate 2 Remifentanil 1 Etorphine 87 Sufentanil 1 Fentanyl 350 000 Swaziland Heroin 5 Alfentanil 1 Hydrocodone 2 Codeine 2 730 Hydromorphone 9 500 Dihydrocodeine 800 Levorphanol 1 Fentanyl 2 Methadone 35 230 Methadone 1 Morphine 9 901 230 Morphine 8 600 Norcodeine 1 Pethidine 3 753 Normorphine 1 Tilidine 90 Opium 150 000 Sweden Oripavine 3 3-Methylthiofentanyl 1 Oxycodone 65 110 Alfentanil 1 300 Pethidine 610 000 Alphaprodine 2 Pholcodine 150 000 Cannabis 32 000 Remifentanil 10 000 Cocaine 3 500 Sufentanil 35 Codeine 900 000 Thebaine 16 000 Desomorphine 1 Tilidine 80 000 Dextropropoxyphene 500 South Sudan* Diphenoxylate 5 Fentanyl 3 Ecgonine 1 Morphine 10 000 Ethylmorphine 650 000 Pethidine 13 000 Etorphine 5 Spain Fentanyl 35 000 3-Methylfentanyl 1 Heroin 5 Alfentanil 250 Hydrocodone 122 Cannabis 400 000 Hydromorphone 15 000 Cocaine 4 000 Ketobemidone 25 000 Codeine 10 200 000 Levomethorphan 1 Codeine-N-oxide 3 Levorphanol 1 Conc. of poppy straw Methadone 230 000 ACA 13 860 603 Morphine 700 000 AMA 116 507 816 MPPP 1 AOA 2 378 615 Opium 20 000 ATA 79 963 605 Oxycodone 840 000 Dihydrocodeine 30 000 Oxymorphone 1 Ethylmorphine 5 000 Pethidine 18 000 Etorphine 2 Pholcodine 5 Fentanyl 150 000 Remifentanil 1 000 Heroin 5 000 Sufentanil 60 Hydrocodone 1 000 Tilidine 100 Hydromorphone 40 000 Switzerland Levomethorphan 1 Alfentanil 200 Methadone 2 000 000 Cannabis 160 000 Morphine 12 500 000 Cocaine 4 000

19

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Codeine 600 000 Morphine 250 000 Codeine-N-oxide 1 Morphine-N-oxide 2 Conc. of poppy straw Nicomorphine 1 AMA 3 500 000 Normethadone 1 AOA 19 000 000 Normorphine 1 Dextromoramide 1 Opium 1 500 000 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Oripavine 1 Difenoxin 1 Oxycodone 8 000 Dihydrocodeine 20 001 Oxymorphone 1 Diphenoxylate 1 Pethidine 200 000 Ecgonine 1 Phenoperidine 1 Ethylmorphine 1 100 Pholcodine 1 Etorphine 2 Remifentanil 70 Fentanyl 22 000 Sufentanil 1 Heroin 290 000 Thebacon 1 Hydrocodone 2 500 Thebaine 1 Hydromorphone 17 500 Tilidine 1 Methadone 15 000 000 The former Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia Morphine 1 190 000 Codeine 2 500 092 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Conc. of poppy straw Nicomorphine 1 200 AMA 2 250 000 Opium 60 000 Ethylmorphine 50 Oripavine 15 000 000 Methadone 400 000 Oxycodone 430 000 Morphine 2 300 077 Oxymorphone 2 500 000 Oripavine 50 Pethidine 61 000 Oxycodone 91 010 Pholcodine 1 Pholcodine 242 000 Piritramide 1 Thebaine 40 052 Remifentanil 800 Timor-Leste Sufentanil 20 Codeine 568 Thebaine 23 000 000 Fentanyl 1 Tilidine 30 000 Pethidine 3 306 Syrian Arab Republic Togo Alfentanil 20 Alfentanil 1 Codeine 2 000 000 Fentanyl 15 Diphenoxylate 100 000 Morphine 2 000 Fentanyl 350 Pethidine 5 000 Hydrocodone 50 000 Sufentanil 1 Morphine 8 000 Tonga Oxycodone 125 000 Codeine 2 000 Pethidine 100 000 Fentanyl 300 Remifentanil 500 Morphine 300 Sufentanil 30 Pethidine 500 Tajikistan Pholcodine 500 Cocaine 1 280 Trinidad and Tobago Codeine 449 920 Alfentanil 20 Ethylmorphine 6 400 Cannabis 5 Etorphine 5 Cannabis resin 5 Fentanyl 38 Coca leaf 5 Methadone 30 660 Cocaine 1 000 Morphine 3 840 Codeine 5 000 Trimeperidine 32 000 Dihydrocodeine 2 000 Thailand Fentanyl 50 Alfentanil 1 Heroin 20 Bezitramide 1 Hydrocodone 1 000 Cannabis 3 Hydromorphone 1 000 Cannabis resin 3 Methadone 100 Cocaine 2 000 Morphine 30 000 Codeine 700 000 Opium 1 000 Dextromoramide 1 Oxycodone 1 000 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Oxymorphone 1 000 Difenoxin 1 Pethidine 20 000 Dihydrocodeine 1 Pholcodine 500 Diphenoxylate 25 001 Remifentanil 40 Dipipanone 1 Tristan da Cunha* Ecgonine 1 Codeine 600 Ethylmorphine 1 Dextropropoxyphene 225 Etorphine 1 Fentanyl 1 Fentanyl 2 000 Morphine 4 Heroin 5 Pethidine 1 Hydrocodone 1 Pholcodine 38 Hydromorphone 1 Tilidine 1 Ketobemidone 1 Tunisia Levorphanol 1 Alfentanil 15 Methadone 100 000 Alphaprodine 1

20

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Anileridine 1 Remifentanil 3 200 Bezitramide 1 Sufentanil 1 Cocaine 3 Thebacon 1 Codeine 2 700 000 Thebaine 2 Dextromoramide 1 Tilidine 2 Dextropropoxyphene 50 Turkmenistan Difenoxin 1 Codeine 2 000 Dihydrocodeine 2 Fentanyl 26 Diphenoxylate 3 Morphine 6 230 Dipipanone 2 Piritramide 2 000 Ecgonine 1 Remifentanil 1 000 Ethylmorphine 18 000 Trimeperidine 20 245 Etorphine 2 Turks and Caicos Islands Fentanyl 570 Codeine 700 Heroin 3 Dihydrocodeine 85 Hydrocodone 2 Fentanyl 50 Hydromorphone 1 Heroin 2 Ketobemidone 1 Hydrocodone 3 Levorphanol 1 Hydromorphone 1 Methadone 3 Morphine 183 Morphine 30 000 Oxycodone 390 Nicomorphine 1 Pethidine 250 Normethadone 2 Tuvalu* Normorphine 1 Codeine 23 Opium 5 Fentanyl 1 Oripavine 1 Morphine 29 Oxycodone 11 Pethidine 15 Oxymorphone 1 Uganda Pethidine 3 000 Codeine 150 500 Phenoperidine 1 Etorphine 5 Pholcodine 3 000 Fentanyl 35 Remifentanil 932 Morphine 200 000 Sufentanil 10 Oxycodone 20 000 Thebacon 1 Pethidine 95 000 Thebaine 2 Remifentanil 2 Tilidine 1 Ukraine Turkey Codeine 3 948 356 Alfentanil 2 Fentanyl 1 608 Alphaprodine 2 Hydrocodone 500 Anileridine 2 Methadone 1 280 795 Bezitramide 2 Morphine 283 431 Cannabis 300 Oxycodone 450 Cannabis resin 6 Thebaine 236 Coca leaf 1 Trimeperidine 246 400 Cocaine 1 000 United Arab Emirates Codeine 2 420 000 Alfentanil 16 Conc. of poppy straw Codeine 201 500 ACA 205 000 Diphenoxylate 500 AMA 3 485 000 Etorphine 15 Dextromoramide 2 Fentanyl 951 Dextropropoxyphene 2 Hydrocodone 400 Difenoxin 2 Hydromorphone 450 Dihydrocodeine 2 Methadone 300 Diphenoxylate 30 000 Morphine 7 900 Dipipanone 1 Oxycodone 1 500 Ethylmorphine 10 000 Pethidine 16 500 Etorphine 1 Remifentanil 801 Fentanyl 22 000 Sufentanil 6 Heroin 2 United Kingdom Hydrocodone 2 3-Methylfentanyl 7 Hydromorphone 2 500 Alfentanil 14 339 Ketobemidone 2 Alpha-methylfentanyl 5 Levorphanol 2 Cannabis 19 762 Methadone 2 Cannabis resin 10 Morphine 100 000 Cocaine 330 480 Nicomorphine 2 Codeine 70 473 453 Normethadone 2 Conc. of poppy straw Opium 5 000 ACA 25 004 000 Oripavine 1 AMA 103 202 447 Oxycodone 40 000 Dextromoramide 4 Oxymorphone 2 Dextropropoxyphene 802 336 Pethidine 250 000 Dihydrocodeine 9 783 316 Phenoperidine 1 Diphenoxylate 39 078 Pholcodine 1 Dipipanone 425 Piritramide 1 Ecgonine 2

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ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Ethylmorphine 7 Isomethadone 30 Etorphine 11 Levo-A-acetylmethadol 5 Fentanyl 146 203 Levomethorphan 30 Heroin 60 241 Levorphanol 12 900 Hydrocodone 1 Metazocine 15 Hydromorphone 3 147 Methadone 23 700 000 Ketobemidone 10 Methadone intermediate 25 600 000 Levomethorphan 5 Morphine 48 500 000 Levorphanol 57 Noracymethadol 2 Methadone 3 307 570 Norlevorphanol 55 Morphine 4 799 588 Normethadone 2 Morphine-N-oxide 2 Oripavine 18 500 000 Norcodeine 5 Oxycodone 62 600 000 Normorphine 5 Oxymorphone 16 800 000 Opium 10 000 Pethidine 2 891 000 Oripavine 5 Pethidine intermediate A 5 Oxycodone 2 500 000 Pethidine intermediate B 30 Oxymorphone 2 Pethidine intermediate C 5 Para-fluorofentanyl 5 Phenazocine 5 Pethidine 750 000 Phenomorphan 2 Pholcodine 1 246 292 Racemethorphan 5 Piritramide 3 Racemorphan 5 Racemoramide 5 Remifentanil 3 000 Remifentanil 4 000 Sufentanil 2 000 Sufentanil 18 Thebaine 90 000 000 Thebaine 50 000 000 Thiofentanyl 25 Thiofentanyl 7 Tilidine 25 Tilidine 25 Trimeperidine 2 United Republic of Tanzania Uruguay Codeine 30 000 Alfentanil 1 Etorphine 20 Cannabis 4 411 750 Fentanyl 20 Cannabis resin 2 Methadone 300 000 Cocaine 1 Morphine 30 000 Codeine 93 200 United States of America Ethylmorphine 3 000 3-Methylfentanyl 30 Fentanyl 348 3-Methylthiofentanyl 30 Heroin 1 Acetorphine 2 Hydrocodone 1 Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl 30 Methadone 1 216 Acetylmethadol 2 Morphine 27 324 Alfentanil 2 700 Oxycodone 100 Alphacetylmethadol 2 Pethidine 5 000 Alphameprodine 2 Remifentanil 114 Alphamethadol 2 Sufentanil 1 Alpha-methylfentanyl 30 Thebaine 1 Alpha-methylthiofentanyl 30 Uzbekistan Alphaprodine 2 Codeine 400 Betacetylmethadol 2 Fentanyl 50 Beta-hydroxy-3-methyl fentanyl 30 Morphine 5 500 Beta-Hydroxyfentanyl 30 Thebaine 30 Betameprodine 2 Trimeperidine 9 000 Betamethadol 2 Vanuatu Betaprodine 2 Codeine 168 Cannabis 33 472 000 Fentanyl 2 Coca leaf 175 000 000 Morphine 217 Cocaine 25 000 Oxycodone 7 Codeine 56 000 000 Venezuela (Bolivarian Rep. of) Conc. of poppy straw Codeine 600 000 ACA 39 802 837 Fentanyl 3 700 AMA 75 316 068 Methadone 20 250 AOA 45 036 231 Morphine 200 000 ATA 243 999 801 Oxycodone 100 000 Dextropropoxyphene 35 Remifentanil 2 700 Difenoxin 8 750 Viet Nam* Dihydrocodeine 70 000 Alfentanil 750 Diphenoxylate 835 000 Codeine 9 000 000 Dipipanone 5 Dihydrocodeine 90 000 Ecgonine 70 000 Ethylmorphine 1 500 Ethylmorphine 3 Fentanyl 600 Etorphine 30 Hydrocodone 15 000 Fentanyl 1 428 000 Hydromorphone 15 Heroin 45 Methadone 2 250 000 Hydrocodone 53 562 000 Morphine 165 000 Hydromorphone 4 500 000 Oxycodone 45 000 2 Pethidine 90 000

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ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2018 (February 2018 update)

Remifentanil 750 statut juridique des pays, territoires, villes ou zones, ou de Sufentanil 8 leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières ou Wallis and Futuna Islands limites. Les noms de pays ou de zones figurant dans le Alfentanil 1 présent document sont ceux qui étaient officiellement en Codeine 700 usage au moment où les données ont été recueillies. Fentanyl 4 Morphine 30 Las denominaciones empleadas en esta publicación y la forma en que aparecen presentados los Opium 900 datos que contiene no implican, de parte de la Secretaría Remifentanil 3 de las Naciones Unidas, juicio alguno sobre la condición Sufentanil 1 jurídica de países, territorios, ciudades o zonas, o de sus Yemen autoridades, ni respecto de la delimitación de sus Codeine 30 000 fronteras o límites. Los países y zonas se mencionan por Fentanyl 70 el nombre oficialmente utilizado en el momento en que se Hydromorphone 2 000 recopilaron los datos pertinentes. Morphine 3 000 ______Pethidine 15 000 Pholcodine 24 000 Remifentanil 3 Sufentanil 3 Zambia Codeine 14 000 Dextropropoxyphene 30 000 Dihydrocodeine 600 Diphenoxylate 600 Etorphine 15 Fentanyl 100 Morphine 9 000 Pethidine 35 000 Pholcodine 100 Thebaine 1 Tilidine 1 Zimbabwe Alfentanil 2 Codeine 607 000 Diphenoxylate 300 Dipipanone 5 Etorphine 15 Fentanyl 50 Hydromorphone 100 Methadone 5 Morphine 12 000 Opium 55 000 Oxycodone 30 Pethidine 109 000 Pholcodine 3 500 Sufentanil 2 Tilidine 3 500

Note: ACA stands for anhydrous codeine alkaloid; AMA stands for anhydrous morphine alkaloid; AOA stands for anhydrous oripavine alkaloid; and ATA stands for anhydrous thebaine alkaloid.

Other countries: Cocos (Keeling) Islands See Christmas Islands Holy See See Italy Liechtenstein See Switzerland Monaco See France San Marino See Italy Names of territories are in italics. *Annual estimates were established by the Board.

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Countries and areas are referred to by the names that were in official use at the time the relevant data were collected.

Les appellations employées dans cette publication et la présentation des données qui y figurent n’impliquent de la part du Secrétariat de l’Organisation des Nations Unies aucune prise de position quant au

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