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Muslims in the UK: Policies for Engaged Citizens Policies Engaged for Muslims in the UK

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Muslims in the UK: Policies for Engaged Citizens Policies Engaged for Muslims in the UK muslims-0919.qxp 10/26/2004 12:32 PM Page 1 2005 OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE EU MONITORING AND ADVOCACY PROGRAM Muslims in the UK: for Engaged Policies Citizens Muslims in the UK: Policies for Engaged Citizens ISBN 189138542-9 9 781891 385421 OSI 2005 Published by OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE Október 6. u. 12. H-1051 Budapest Hungary 400 West 59th Street New York, NY 10019 USA © OSI/EU Monitoring and Advocacy Program, 2005 All rights reserved. TM and Copyright © 2005 Open Society Institute EU MONITORING AND ADVOCACY PROGRAM Október 6. u. 12. H-1051 Budapest Hungary Website www.eumap.org ISBN: 1-891385-42-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. A CIP catalog record for this book is available upon request. Copies of the book can be ordered from the EU Monitoring and Advocacy Program [email protected] Printed in Gyoma, Hungary Design & Layout by Q.E.D. Publishing TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................... 5 Preface ....................................................................................... 7 Overview ................................................................................... 9 Chapter 1: Muslims in the UK – Discrimination, Equality and Community Cohesion ............... 43 Chapter 2: Muslims in the UK and Education .............................................................................. 101 Chapter 3: Muslims in the UK and the Labour Market ................................................................. 193 Chapter 4:Muslims in the UK and the Criminal Justice System ................................................... 253 EU ACCESSION MONITORING PROGRAM 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledgements The EU Monitoring and Advocacy Program of the Open Society Institute would like to acknowledge the role of the authors in researching and drafting these reports. Final responsibility for the content of the report rests with the Program. Overview and Tufyal Choudhury OSI UK Muslims Project Coordination Research Project Director Equality, Discrimination and Maleiha Malik Kings College, Community Cohesion University of London Education Prof. J. Mark Halstead University of Plymouth Labour Market Zamila Bunglawala Policy Analyst Criminal Justice Dr. Basia Spalek University of Birmingham In order to write this report, the authors have consulted with, and interviewed, a wide range of organisations and individuals. These include: Fauzia Ahmad, Rosita Aiesha, Tahir Alam, Rushanara Ali, F. Amer, Janet Arkinstall, R. Arya, Mohammed Abdul Aziz, Diane Baderin, Runa Begum, Amir Bhatia, Major Lawrie Brown, Pat Brown-Richards, Meg Buckingham, Dr. N. Butt, Saraah Nehar Chowdhury, Fern Christensen, Barbara Cohen, Maurice Coles, Philip Colligan, R. Crawley, Sean Dempsey, Harpreet Dhami, Ali Dizaei, K. Drabu, Salah el-Hassan, Jamila Fernandez, Shareefa Fulat, Declan Gaffney, Sophie Gilliat-Ray, Jane Gordon, Rashid Gumra, H. Haleem, D. Harris, M. Hiley-Payne, Jane Howarth, Will Hutton, Detective Inspector Robert Lambert, Nick Isles, E. Izzidien, Maqbool Javaid, N. Jouied, Abdul Kader, Javid Kaliq, Khalil Kazi, Akram Khan-Cheema, Awais Khan, Humera Khan, Khalida Khan, N. Khan, Major Shagufta Khan, Michelynn Lafleche, Samar Mashadi, Gavin McGill, Jim McManus, Arzu Merali, Constable Mohammed Mahorouf, Dr M. Mukadam, Geoff Mulgan, Naheed Mushtaq, B. Mustafa, Fuad Nahdi, Max Nathan, Mike Nellis, Colm O’Cinnede, Nilesh Patel, Jonathan Portes, Mohibur Rahman, F. Rasool, E. Renier, Robin Richardson, Fiona Richmond, Bernabe Sanchez, Patricia Sellick, Christine Sheddon, Rashid Skinner, Ben Smith, Raschid Sohawon, Sarah Spencer, D. A. Syed, Clare Taylor, Seamus Taylor, Fariha Thomas, Chris Wade, Bill Wells, Stella Yarrow. EUMAP – EU MONITORING AND ADVOCACY PROGRAM 5 MUSLIMS IN THE UK: POLICIES FOR ENGAGED CITIZENS Al-Khoei Foundation, An-Nisa Society, Avenues School, London, (pupils and teachers), Belle Vue Girls’ School in Bradford (staff and pupils), British Association of Women Police Officers (BAWP), Churches and Criminal Justice Forum, City Circle, Community Chaplaincy, Crown Prosecution Service, Faith Schools Scrutiny Review Panel, Forum Against Islamophobia and Racism (FAIR), Home Office Criminal Justice System Race Unit, IQRA Trust, Islamic Academy in Cambridge, The Islamic Human Rights Commission, JUSTICE, Muslim Unit Scotland Yard, Muslim Women’s Helpline, National Association of Victim Support Schemes, National Probation Directorate, Northamptonshire Victim Support, Nottingham Victim Support, Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, Oxfordshire County Council, Parliamentary Home Affairs Select Committee, Q-News, The Runnymede Trust, Victim Liaison Unit, West Midlands Probation area. OSI held roundtable meetings for each of the four papers presented in chapters one to four of this report, in order to invite expert critique and commentary on the draft report from representatives of the Government, minority representatives, and civil society organisations and experts. We are grateful to the many participants at the roundtables who generously offered their time and expertise. We would also like to thank the organisations which hosted these meetings: Equality, Discrimination 26 April 2004 Lewis Silkin law firm and Community Cohesion Education 2 December 2003 Lewis Silkin law firm Labour Market 11 March 2004 The Work Foundation Criminal Justice 8 June 2004 DLA law firm OSI would also like to thank The Runnymede Trust for their help in organising the launch event for this report, and Fiona MacTaggart MP for hosting this event. EUMAP Programme Director Penelope Farrar Deputy Programme Director Miriam Anati Program Officer Katy Negrin Program Officer Alphia Abdikeeva Program Coordinator Andrea Gurubi Admin. Assistant Eva Kocsis 6 OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE 2005 PREFACE Preface The Open Society Institute (OSI) Budapest is a private operating and grant-making foundation that develops and implements a range of programmes in civil society, culture, education, media and public administration, public health and human and women’s rights, as well as social, legal and economic reform.1 In 2002, as part of its programme on minority protection in Europe, EUMAP, OSI’s EU Accession Monitoring Program, now renamed the EU Monitoring and Advocacy Program,2 published a volume of reports on minority protection in the five largest EU member states. The reports looked at the situation of Muslims in France, Italy and the United Kingdom and of the Roma/Sinti communities in Germany and Spain. The UK report, Monitoring Minority Protection in the EU: the Situation of Muslims in the UK, launched by the then Home Office Minster Lord Filkin, was a snapshot of the situation of Muslims, in terms of minority rights and their experiences of discrimination and disadvantage. It identified the severe levels of disadvantage and discrimination that are experienced by British Muslims, and are significant barriers to their participation and integration in British society. One underlying theme in the UK report was the need for policy makers in government and public bodies to ensure that their polices for tackling disadvantage and discrimination took account of the faith dimension in the identities of Muslim communities. The report made over 30 recommendations to the UK Government and other public bodies, calling upon them to take steps to encourage, facilitate and support participation in society by Muslims. Following publication of the UK report, and noting the positive attitude to engagement in the issues raised by the report from the Government, the Open Society Institute is keen to ensure that the recommendations are taken forward. To this end, this report focuses on four areas: equality and discrimination, education, employment and criminal justice. The four chapters of this report explore the most relevant issues for British Muslims in each of these areas, and the extent to which policy is presently addressing their needs as a group. Each paper also puts forward a number of recommendations aimed at 1 Further information on the Open Society Institute is available on the OSI website at www.soros.org. 2 Further information on OSI’s EU Monitoring and Advocacy Program (EUMAP) and published reports are available on the EUMAP website at www.eumap.org. EUMAP – EU MONITORING AND ADVOCACY PROGRAM 7 MUSLIMS IN THE UK: POLICIES FOR ENGAGED CITIZENS supporting the development of more nuanced Government policy which is sensitive to the needs of Muslims. An overview chapter resumes the main general findings of these papers. 8 OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE 2005 OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE Overview MUSLIMS IN THE UK: POLICIES FOR ENGAGED CITIZENS MUSLIMS IN THE UK: POLICIES FOR ENGAGED CITIZENS Table of Contents 1. Muslims in the UK: Deprivation, Disadvantage and Discrimination ..................... 11 1.1 Documenting Deprivation and Disadvantage among Muslims ................................. 12 1.2 Muslims and Discrimination ......................................... 17 2. The Response of UK Muslims ............................................... 22 2.1 Religious Affiliation as a Marker of Identity ................... 22 2.2 Developing British Muslim Citizenship ......................... 26 3. The Government Policy Response ......................................... 29 4. Improving Policy for Muslims in the UK ............................... 33 4.1 Recognising Muslim Identity ......................................... 33 4.2 Improving Policy on Education, Employment and Criminal Justice .................................. 34 4.3 General
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