DOCSLIB.ORG

IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 90. Hydroxybenzoic Acid Derivatives in Binary and Ternary Systems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 90. Hydroxybenzoic Acid Derivatives in Binary and Ternary Systems IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 90. Hydroxybenzoic Acid Derivatives in Binary and Ternary Systems. Part II. Hydroxybenzoic Acids, Hydroxybenzoates, and Hydroxybenzoic Acid Salts in Nonaqueous Systems Ayako Gotoa… University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan Hiroshi Miyamoto Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Mark Salomon MaxPower Inc., 141 Christopher Lane, Harleysville, Pennsylvania 19438 Rensuke Goto University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan Hiroshi Fukuda Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan Erich Königsberger Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia Lan-Chi Königsberger Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia Pirketta Scharlin University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland ͑Received 4 February 2011; accepted 11 February 2011; published online 18 May 2011͒ The solid-liquid solubility data for well defined nonaqueous binary and ternary systems are reviewed. One component includes hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxybenzoate, and hy- droxybenzoic acid salt, and another component includes a variety of organic compounds ͑hydrocarbons, alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, esters, et al.͒ and carbon dioxide. The ternary systems include mixtures of organic substances of various classes and carbon dioxide. The total number of compilation sheets is 270 for six types of system. Almost all data are expressed as mass percent and mole fraction as well as the originally reported units, while some data are expressed as molar concentration. Critical evaluation was carried out for the binary nonaqueous systems of 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxybenzoates ͑methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylpa- raben, and butylparaben͒ in alcohols, 1-heptane, and benzene. © 2011 American Institute of Physics. ͓doi:10.1063/1.3569816͔ Key words: hydroxybenzoic acid; hydroxybenzoic acid salt; nonaqueous systems; paraben; salicylic acid; solubility. CONTENTS 1.1. Scope of the volume. ................. 4 1.2. Experimental methods.................. 5 1.3. Procedure used in critical evaluation. ..... 5 1. Preface.................................. 4 2. Hydroxybenzoic Acids, Parabens, and a͒ Hydroxybenzoic Acid Salts in Binary Electronic mail: [email protected] © 2011 American Institute of Physics. Nonaqueous Systems...................... 6 0047-2689/2011/40„2…/023102/116/$47.00023102-1 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 40, No. 2, 2011 Downloaded 18 May 2011 to 132.163.193.247. Redistribution subject to AIP license or copyright; see http://jpcrd.aip.org/about/rights_and_permissions 023102-2 GOTO ET AL. 2.1. Hydroxybenzoic acid–organic compound 3.2. Hydroxybenzoic acid–organic compound– systems. ............................ 6 inorganic compound systems. ........... 112 2.1.1. Critical evaluation of the solubility 3.2.1. Salicylic acid................... 112 of hydroxybenzoic acids in alkanes.. 6 3.2.2. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid........... 114 2.1.1.1. Salicylic acid............ 6 3.2.3. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid........... 115 2.1.2. Critical evaluation of the solubility 4. References............................... 115 of hydroxybenzoic acids in alcohols........................ 8 List of Tables 2.1.2.1. Salicylic acid............ 8 2.1.2.2. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid. 11 1. List of compiled sheets for solutes in 2.1.2.3. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid. 13 nonaqueous binary and ternary systems. ...... 5 2.1.3. Critical evaluation of the solubility 2. Analytical methods of solutes in nonaqueous of hydroxybenzoic acids in systems................................. 5 aromatic compounds.............. 16 3. List of evaluation sheets for solutes in binary 2.1.3.1. Salicylic acid............ 16 systems of various solvents. ................ 6 2.1.3.2. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid. 19 4. Summary of experimental solubility data of 2.1.3.3. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid. 21 salicylic acid in heptane.................... 6 2.1.4. Data for hydroxybenzoic acid– 5. Observed data and recommended values organic compound systems........ 24 calculated according to Eq. ͑1͒ for salicylic 2.1.4.1. Salicylic acid............ 24 acid in heptane........................... 7 2.1.4.2. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid. 40 6. Summary of experimental solubility data of 2.1.4.3. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid. 43 salicylic acid in ethanol.................... 8 2.1.5. Data for hydroxybenzoic acid– 7. Observed data and recommended values inorganic compound systems....... 51 calculated according to Eq. ͑1͒ for salicylic 2.1.5.1. Salicylic acid............ 51 acid in ethanol............................ 8 2.1.5.2. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid. 52 8. Summary of experimental solubility data of 2.1.5.3. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid. 53 salicylic acid in 1-butanol................... 10 2.2. Paraben–organic compound systems...... 53 9. Observed data and recommended values 2.2.1. Critical evaluation of the solubility calculated according to Eq. ͑1͒ for salicylic of parabens in alcohols........... 53 acid in 1-butanol.......................... 10 2.2.1.1. Methylparaben........... 53 10. Summary of experimental solubility data of 2.2.1.2. Ethylparaben............. 62 3-hydroxybenzoic acid in ethanol. .......... 12 2.2.1.3. Propylparaben............ 72 11. Observed data and recommended values 2.2.1.4. Butylparaben............. 83 calculated according to Eq. ͑1͒ for 2.2.2. Data for paraben–organic 3-hydroxybenzoic acid in ethanol. .......... 12 compound systems............... 93 12. Summary of experimental solubility data of 2.2.2.1. Methylparaben........... 93 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in ethanol. .......... 13 2.2.2.2. Ethyl-, propyl-, and 13. Observed data and recommended values butylparaben............. 99 calculated according to Eq. ͑1͒ for 2.2.2.3. Hexyl-, heptyl-, octyl-, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in ethanol. .......... 13 decylparaben............. 101 14. Summary of experimental solubility data of 2.2.2.4. Methylpropyl-, pentyl-, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in 1-butanol........... 14 and benzylparaben........ 104 15. Observed data and recommended values 2.3. Hydroxybenzoic acid salt–organic calculated according to Eq. ͑1͒ for compound systems.................... 104 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in 1-butanol........... 15 2.3.1. 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid salt ͑Na͒.... 104 16. Summary of experimental solubility data of 2.3.2. 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid salt ͑Ag͒.... 105 salicylic acid in benzene.................... 16 ͑ ͒ 2.3.3. 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid salt NH4 .. 106 17. Observed data and recommended values 2.3.4. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid salt ͑Ag͒.... 106 calculated according to Eq. ͑1͒ for salicylic 3. Hydroxybenzoic Acids and Parabens in acid in benzene. ......................... 17 Ternary Nonaqueous Systems................ 107 18. Summary of experimental solubility data of 3.1. Hydroxybenzoic acid and paraben– 3-hydroxybenzoic acid in benzene............ 19 organic compound ͑1͒–organic compound 19. Observed data and recommended values ͑2͒ systems.......................... 107 calculated according to Eq. ͑1͒ for 3.1.1. Salicylic acid................... 107 3-hydroxybenzoic acid in benzene............ 20 3.1.2. Methylparaben.................. 111 20. Summary of experimental solubility data of 3.1.3. Propylparaben................... 111 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in benzene............ 21 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 40, No. 2, 2011 Downloaded 18 May 2011 to 132.163.193.247. Redistribution subject to AIP license or copyright; see http://jpcrd.aip.org/about/rights_and_permissions IUPAC-NIST SOLUBILITY DATA SERIES. 90 023102-3 21. Observed data and recommended values ethylparaben in 1-hexanol................... 68 calculated according to Eq. ͑1͒ for 44. Summary of experimental solubility data of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in benzene............ 22 ethylparaben in 1-octanol................... 69 22. Summary of experimental solubility data of 45. Observed data and recommended values methylparaben in methanol.................. 53 calculated according to Eq. ͑2͒ for 23. Observed data and recommended values ethylparaben in 1-octanol................... 70 calculated according to Eq. ͑2͒ for 46. Summary of experimental solubility data of methylparaben in methanol.................. 54 ethylparaben in 1-decanol................... 71 24. Summary of experimental solubility data of 47. Observed data and recommended values methylparaben in ethanol................... 55 calculated according to Eq. ͑2͒ for 25. Observed data and recommended values ethylparaben in 1-decanol................... 72 calculated according to Eq. ͑2͒ for 48. Summary of experimental solubility data of methylparaben in ethanol................... 55 propylparaben in methanol.................. 72 26. Summary of experimental solubility data of 49. Observed data and recommended values methylparaben in 1-propanol................ 56 calculated according to Eq. ͑2͒ for 27. Observed data and recommended values propylparaben in methanol.................. 73 calculated according to Eq. ͑2͒ for 50. Summary of experimental solubility data of methylparaben in 1-propanol................ 57 propylparaben in ethanol................... 74 28. Summary of experimental solubility data of 51. Observed data and recommended values methylparaben in 1-butanol................. 58 calculated according to Eq. ͑2͒ for 29. Observed data and recommended values propylparaben in ethanol................... 74 calculated according to Eq. ͑2͒ for 52. Summary of experimental solubility data of methylparaben in 1-butanol................. 58 propylparaben in 1-propanol................. 75 30. Summary of experimental solubility data of 53. Observed data and recommended values methylparaben in 1-hexanol................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Water Quality Testing Summary
    WATER QUALITY TESTING SUMMARY A DETAILED REVIEW OF THE TEST RESULTS FOR THE DRINKING WATER PRODUCED BY THE CARY/APEX WATER TREATMENT FACILITY 2020 JOHN CONLEY (Senior Laboratory Analyst) has been employed by the Town of Cary at the Cary/Apex Water Treatment Facility Laboratory since September 2001. CARY/APEX WATER TREATMENT FACILITY 2020 WATER QUALITY TESTING SUMMARY We are pleased to present to you the Cary/ If you have any questions or concerns regarding this Apex Water Treatment Facility Test Result report, please contact Rachel Monschein, Water System Summary for 2020. This report is a snapshot of last Laboratory Supervisor, at (919) 362-5507. year’s water quality. The values contained in this report In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, EPA are based on single measurements or yearly averages depending on the contaminant. The Environmental prescribes regulations that limit the amount of certain Protection Agency and/or the State requires us to contaminants in water provided by public water systems. monitor for certain substances less than once per year Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably because the concentrations of these substances are not be expected to contain at least small amounts of some expected to vary significantly from year to year. Some of contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not the data, though representative of the water quality, is necessarily indicate the water poses a health risk. To obtain more than one year old. In these cases, the most recent more information about contaminants and potential data is included, along with the year in which the sample health effects, call the EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline was taken.
    [Show full text]
  • 01 Excipients Prelims 1..9
    Ethylparaben 1 Nonproprietary Names BP: Ethyl Hydroxybenzoate SEM 1: Excipient: ethylparaben; magnification: 600Â. JP: Ethyl Parahydroxybenzoate PhEur: Ethyl Parahydroxybenzoate E USP-NF: Ethylparaben 2 Synonyms Aethylum hydrobenzoicum; CoSept E; E214; ethylis parahydroxy- benzoas; ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate; Ethyl parasept; 4-hydroxyben- zoic acid ethyl ester; Nipagin A; Solbrol A; Tegosept E; Uniphen P- 23. 3 Chemical Name and CAS Registry Number Ethyl-4-hydroxybenzoate [120-47-8] 4 Empirical Formula and Molecular Weight C9H10O3 166.18 5 Structural Formula SEM 2: Excipient: ethylparaben; magnification: 3000Â. 6 Functional Category Antimicrobial preservative. 7 Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or Technology Ethylparaben is widely used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics,(1) food products, and pharmaceutical formulations. It may be used either alone or in combination with other paraben esters or with other antimicrobial agents. In cosmetics it is one of the most frequently used preservatives. The parabens are effective over a wide pH range and have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, although they are most effective against yeasts and molds; see Section 10. Owing to the poor solubility of the parabens, paraben salts, particularly the sodium salt, are frequently used. However, this may cause the pH of poorly buffered formulations to become more alkaline. See Methylparaben for further information. 8 Description Ethylparaben occurs as a white, odorless or almost odorless, active against yeasts and molds than against bacteria. They crystalline powder. are also more active against Gram-positive than against Gram-negative bacteria. 9 Pharmacopeial Specifications The activity of the parabens increases with increasing chain See Table I. See also Section 18. length of the alkyl moiety, but solubility decreases.
    [Show full text]
  • Amended Safety Assessment of Parabens As Used in Cosmetics
    Amended Safety Assessment of Parabens as Used in Cosmetics Status: Draft Final Amended Report for Panel Review Release Date: March 15, 2019 Panel Meeting Date: April 8-9, 2019 The 2019 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chair, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Ronald A. Hill, Ph.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Executive Director is Bart Heldreth, Ph.D. This report was prepared by Jinqiu Zhu, Ph.D., Toxicologist. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 1200 ♢ Washington, DC 20036-4702 ♢ ph 202.331.0651 ♢ fax 202.331.0088 [email protected] Distributed for Comment Only -- Do Not Cite or Quote Commitment & Credibility since 1976 MEMORANDUM To: CIR Expert Panel and Liaisons From: Jinqiu Zhu, PhD, DABT, ERT Toxicologist Date: March 15, 2019 Subject: Draft Final Amended Safety Assessment of Parabens as Used in Cosmetics Attached is the Draft Final Amended Report of 20 parabens and 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid, as used in cosmetics (parabe042019FAR). At the September 2018 meeting, the Panel issued a tentative amended report for public comment with the conclusion that the following 20 ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in the safety assessment. Butylparaben Potassium Ethylparaben* Sodium Isobutylparaben Calcium Paraben* Potassium Methylparaben* Sodium Isopropylparaben* Ethylparaben Potassium Paraben* Sodium Methylparaben Isobutylparaben Potassium Propylparaben* Sodium Paraben* Isopropylparaben Propylparaben Sodium Propylparaben Methylparaben Sodium Butylparaben 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid* Potassium Butylparaben* Sodium Ethylparaben * Not reported to be in current use.
    [Show full text]
  • Sccs/1404/11
    SCCS/1404/11 EUROPEAN COMMISSION HEALTH & CONSUMERS DIRECTORATE-GENERAL Public Health and Risk Assessment Risk assessment Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety 9th plenary Meeting Held on 14 December 2010 in Brussels MINUTES 1. WELCOME AND APOLOGIES The chairman of the SCCS welcomed all the participants. Apologies were received from Dr. Q. Chaudry, Dr. S.C. Rastogi, Prof. K. Savolainen and Dr. R. Waring. 2. DECLARATIONS OF INTEREST No member declared any interest that could prevent him/her from participating in the discussion of the items on the agenda. 3. APPROVAL OF THE DRAFT AGENDA SCCS/1388/10 The agenda was approved without changes. 4. ADOPTION OF THE DRAFT MINUTES OF THE 8TH PLENARY MEETING SCCS/1379/10 The minutes of the 8th plenary meeting of 21 September 2010 were approved. 5. INFORMATION FROM CHAIRMAN/MEMBERS Information from the Chairman No issues were raised. Commission follow-up to earlier opinions In the absence of a representative of SANCO Unit B2 - Cosmetics and Medical Devices – the secretariat said that no legal implementations for cosmetic ingredients were made since the last plenary of 21 September 2010. 6. NEW REQUESTS 6.1. SCCS New requests were received for Zinc oxide (nano-size), ethyl lauroyl arginate (P95) and for Benzisothiazolinone (P96). SCCS/1404/11 Minutes 9th plenary meeting of the SCCS of 14 December 2010 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.2. Mandates for other / all Committees / 7. REPORTS FROM THE WORKING GROUPS 7.1. Cosmetic Ingredients The Chairperson of the WG reported on the ongoing work. Draft opinions on parabens (P82), dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and on trisodium nitrilotriacetate (NTA) were prepared and tabled for formal adoption.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Butylparaben Exposure on Pancreatic Development in Zebrafish (Danio Erio)R Embryos
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses Dissertations and Theses November 2016 Effects of Butylparaben Exposure on Pancreatic Development in Zebrafish (Danio erio)r Embryos Sarah E. Brown University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2 Recommended Citation Brown, Sarah E., "Effects of Butylparaben Exposure on Pancreatic Development in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos" (2016). Masters Theses. 411. https://doi.org/10.7275/9028692 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/411 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Effects of Butylparaben Exposure on Pancreatic Development in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos A Thesis Presented by SARAH E. BROWN Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE September 2016 Environmental Health Sciences i © Copyright by Sarah E. Brown 2016 All Rights Reserved ii Effects of Butylparaben Exposure on Pancreatic Development in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos A Thesis Presented by SARAH E. BROWN Approved as to style and content by: _________________________________________________ Alicia R. Timme-Laragy, Chair _________________________________________________ Laura N. Vandenberg, Member _________________________________________________ Alexander V. Suvorov, Member ___________________________________________ Edward J. Stanek III, Department Chair, Department of Environmental Health Sciences iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr. Alicia Timme-Laragy, for this incredible opportunity. Working with Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Butylparaben: Exposure, Toxicity and Risk Assessment with the Focus on Endocrine-Disrupting Properties and Cumulative Risk Assessment
    National Institute forPublic Health and the Environment Ministryof Health, Welfare and Sport Review on butylparaben: exposure, toxicity and risk assessment With a focus on endocrine disrupting properties and cumulative risk assessment RIVM Report 2018-0161 E.V.S Hessel et al. Review on butylparaben: exposure, toxicity and risk assessment With a focus on endocrine disrupting properties and cumulative risk assessment RIVM Report 2018-0161 RIVM Report 2018-0161 Colophon © RIVM 2019 Parts of this publication may be reproduced, provided acknowledgement is given to: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, along with the title and year of publication. DOI 10.21945/RIVM-2018-0161 E.V.S Hessel (author), RIVM P.E. Boon (author), RIVM S.P. den Braver-Sewradj (author), RIVM J.A.J. Meesters (author), RIVM M. Weda (author), RIVM W. Brand (author), RIVM Contact: Walter Brand Centre for Safety of Substances and Products [email protected] This investigation has been performed by order and for the account of The Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), within the framework of research question 9.1.67 “Exposure of consumers to substances with possible effects on the endocrine system”. This is a publication of: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment P.O. Box1 | 3720 BA Bilthoven The Netherlands www.rivm.nl/en Page 2 of 120 RIVM Report 2018-0161 Synopsis Review of butylparaben: exposure, toxicity and risk assessment With the focus on endocrine-disrupting properties and cumulative risk assessment Butylparaben is used as a preservative because it inhibits the growth of fungi and bacteria in, for example, personal care products.
    [Show full text]
  • Sccs/1514/13
    SCCS/1514/13 Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety SCCS OPINION ON Parabens Updated request for a scientific opinion on propyl- and butylparaben COLIPA n° P82 The SCCS adopted this opinion by written procedure on 3 May 2013 1 SCCS/1514/13 Opinion on parabens, updated request on propyl- and butylparaben About the Scientific Committees Three independent non-food Scientific Committees provide the Commission with the scientific advice it needs when preparing policy and proposals relating to consumer safety, public health and the environment. The Committees also draw the Commission's attention to the new or emerging problems which may pose an actual or potential threat. They are: the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS), the Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER) and the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) and are made up of external experts. In addition, the Commission relies upon the work of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the European Centre for Disease prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). SCCS The Committee shall provide opinions on questions concerning all types of health and safety risks (notably chemical, biological, mechanical and other physical risks) of non-food consumer products (for example: cosmetic products and their ingredients, toys, textiles, clothing, personal care and household products such as detergents, etc.) and services (for example: tattooing, artificial sun tanning, etc.). Scientific Committee members Ulrike Bernauer, Qasim Chaudhry, Gisela Degen, Elsa Nielsen, Thomas Platzek, Suresh Chandra Rastogi, Christophe Rousselle, Jan van Benthem, Pieter Coenraads, Maria Dusinska, David Gawkrodger, Werner Lilienblum, Andreas Luch, Manfred Metzler, Nancy Monteiro-Rivière.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Assessment of Parabens As Used in Cosmetics
    Safety Assessment of Parabens as Used in Cosmetics Status: Draft Tentative Report for Panel Review Release Date: May 19, 2017 Panel Meeting Date: June 12-13, 2017 The 2017 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chair, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Ronald A. Hill, Ph.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Director is Lillian J. Gill, D.P.A. This report was prepared by Ivan J. Boyer, Senior Toxicologist and Lillian C. Becker, Scientific Analyst/Writer. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 1200 ♢ Washington, DC 20036-4702 ♢ ph 202.331.0651 ♢ fax 202.331.0088 [email protected] Commitment & Credibility since 1976 MEMORANDUM To: CIR Expert Panel and Liaisons From: Ivan J. Boyer, PhD, DABT Senior Toxicologist Lillian C. Becker, M.S. Scientific Analyst and Writer Date: May 19, 2017 Subject: Re-review of Parabens Attached is the re-review of 20 parabens as used in cosmetics. These parabens are reported to function in cosmetics primarily as preservatives. In 2016, Sodium Methylparaben (which had not been reviewed by the Panel) was included in the CIR 2017 Priority List due to the large number of uses reported in the FDA’s VCRP database. The Expert Panel agreed that it would be appropriate to group this ingredient, and some additional parabens and paraben salts, with the previously reviewed ingredients, Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Isopropylparaben, Butylparaben, Isobutylparaben, and Benzylparaben, for review.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Water Environment of Poland: a Review
    water Review Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Water Environment of Poland: A Review Kinga Sl´ ósarczyk * , Sabina Jakóbczyk-Karpierz, Jacek Rózkowski˙ and Andrzej J. Witkowski Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 60 B˛edzi´nskaSt., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; [email protected] (S.J.-K.); [email protected] (J.R.); [email protected] (A.J.W.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The issue of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the water environment has gained increasing interest worldwide. To determine the nature and extent of this problem for Poland, this paper presents a review of research on the presence of PPCPs in Poland, looking at results for different water samples, including wastewater (before and after treatment), landfill leachate, surface water (standing water bodies and rivers), seawater, groundwater and drinking water. The review is based on over 50 scientific articles and dissertations referring to studies of PPCPs. It also briefly outlines possible sources and the fate of PPCPs in the aquatic environment. The review of Polish research has revealed that studies have previously covered at least 39 PPCP groups (270 compounds in total). These studies focused mainly on wastewater and rivers, and only a few concerned landfill leachate and seawater. They most often reported on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics. The highest concentrations of the analysed PPCPs were found mainly in raw wastewater (e.g., naproxen, up to 551,960 ng/L), but they were also occasionally found in surface Citation: Slósarczyk,´ K.; water (e.g., azithromycin, erythromycin, irbesartan and metoprolol) and in groundwater (e.g., N,N- Jakóbczyk-Karpierz, S.; Rózkowski,˙ J.; diethyl-meta-toluamide, known as DEET, up to 17,280 ng/L).
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Assessment of Parabens As Used in Cosmetics
    Safety Assessment of Parabens as Used in Cosmetics Status: Draft Report for Panel Review Release Date: February 23, 2018 Panel Meeting Date: March 5-6, 2018 The 2018 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chair, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Ronald A. Hill, Ph.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Executive Director is Bart Heldreth, Ph.D. This report was prepared by Lillian C. Becker, Scientific Analyst/Writer and Bart Heldreth. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 1200 ♢ Washington, DC 20036-4702 ♢ ph 202.331.0651 ♢ fax 202.331.0088 [email protected] Distributed for comment only -- do not cite or quote Commitment & Credibility since 1976 MEMORANDUM To: CIR Expert Panel and Liaisons From: Bart Heldreth, PhD, CIR Executive Director Date: February 23, 2018 Subject: Parabens Attached is the updated draft review of 20 parabens as used in cosmetics. These parabens are reported to function in cosmetics primarily as preservatives. In 2017, the Panel agreed to add Sodium Methylparaben to the Priority List due to the large number of reported uses in the FDA’s Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program (VCRP) database. The Expert Panel agreed that it would be appropriate to group this ingredient with 7 parabens reviewed in the CIR safety assessment published in 2008: Methylparaben; Ethylparaben; Propylparaben; Butylparaben; Benzylparaben; Isopropylparaben; and Isobutylparaben. In addition, the Panel included 12 other paraben salts that had not yet been reviewed: Calcium Paraben; Potassium Butylparaben; Potassium Ethylparaben; Potassium Methylparaben; Potassium Paraben; Potassium Propylparaben; Sodium Butylparaben; Sodium Ethylparaben; Sodium Isobutylparaben; Sodium Isopropylparaben; Sodium Paraben; and Sodium Propylparaben.
    [Show full text]
  • Endocrine Disruptors: from Scientific Evidence to Human Health Protection
    STUDY Requested by the PETI committee Endocrine Disruptors: from Scientific Evidence to Human Health Protection PETITIONS Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs Directorate General for Internal Policies of the Union PE 608.866 - March 2019 EN Endocrine Disruptors: from Scientific Evidence to Human Health Protection STUDY Updated version, May 2019 Abstract This study, commissioned by the PETI Committee of the European Parliament, presents the scientific knowledge regarding the health effects of endocrine disruptors, a class of hazards recognized in EU regulation since 1999. This report reviews the scientific evidence regarding the concept of endocrine disruption, the extent of exposure, associated health effects and costs. The existing relevant EU regulations are discussed and recommendations made to better protect human health. ABOUT THE PUBLICATION This research paper was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Petitions and commissioned, overseen and published by the Policy Department for Citizen's Rights and Constitutional Affairs. Policy Departments provide independent expertise, both in-house and externally, to support European Parliament committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation and exercising democratic scrutiny over EU external and internal policies. To contact the Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs or to subscribe to its newsletter please write to: [email protected] RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH ADMINISTRATOR Martina SCHONARD Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] AUTHOR(S) Barbara DEMENEIX, PhD, UMR 7221 CNRS/MNHN, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Rémy SLAMA, PhD, Senior Investigator, INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), IAB Research Center, Team of Environmental Epidemiology, Grenoble, France.
    [Show full text]
  • Paraben Compounds—Part I: an Overview of Their Characteristics, Detection, and Impacts
    applied sciences Review Paraben Compounds—Part I: An Overview of Their Characteristics, Detection, and Impacts João Lincho, Rui C. Martins and João Gomes * CIEPQPF—Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (R.C.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-239798723; Fax: +351-239798703 Abstract: Parabens are widely used in different industries as preservatives and antimicrobial com- pounds. The evolution of analytical techniques allowed the detection of these compounds in different sources at µg/L and ng/L. Until today, parabens were already found in water sources, air, soil and even in human tissues. The impact of parabens in humans, animals and in ecosystems are a matter of discussion within the scientific community, but it is proven that parabens can act as endocrine dis- ruptors, and some reports suggest that they are carcinogenic compounds. The presence of parabens in ecosystems is mainly related to wastewater discharges. This work gives an overview about the paraben problem, starting with their characteristics and applications. Moreover, the dangers related to their usage were addressed through the evaluation of toxicological studies over different species as well as of humans. Considering this, paraben detection in different water sources, wastewater treatment plants, humans and animals was analyzed based on literature results. A review of Euro- pean legislation regarding parabens was also performed, presenting some considerations for the use Citation: Lincho, J.; Martins, R.C.; of parabens.
    [Show full text]