Winter 1991 A Journal for Volume 53 Members of the Number 1 Yosemite Association

Finding One's Way in the Age of Motorized Bolting

The Electric Climber

Hannah Gosnell When George Anderson made phone calls from people con- the first ascent of Half Dome in cerned about the number of bolts 1875 by engineering a bolt ladder put in Yosemite's walls by rock of sorts up the eastern flank of climbers today. the monolith, no one spoke out Why this new interest in boltsz against his impact on the re- It's because modern technology source. Nor did many object to (the cordless drill) is being utilized the Sierra Club 's 1919 attempt to to accomplish very quickly what make the peak more accessible to traditionally has been very slow non-climber tourists by putting and demanding work . That has in an elaborate system of expan- resulted in more holes and more sion bolts and cables to use as bolts in Yosemite granite. handrails . But in the past month, Rudolph attributes the recent Yosemite Search and Rescue deluge of concerned letters and Office Bob Howard and Chief phone calls about bolting to in- Ranger Roger Rudolph have been creased media coverage in the "swamped " with letters and last few months . "People think

PAGE TWO YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION ,WINTER 1991

In an attempt to prove that climbing big walls did not necessarily require the use ofhundreds of bolts, Royal Robbins, Chuck Pratt and Tom Frost climbed the southwest face of El Capitan using only 13 bolts.

the walls of Yosemite are going to of the Valley, including El Capitan, ing section of the Sierra Club the monolith). The three men put crumble," Rudolph said. "It's the Eagle Peak, Yosemite Point, North started making organized at- 675 pitons and 125 bolts into the bee that's gotten in everyone's Dome, Basket Dome, Mt . Wat- tempts on the unclimbed faces rock during their ascent. In 1961, bonnet." Rudolph and Howard kins, Sentinel Dome and Cathe- and spires of Yosemite with ropes Harding was criticized for placing agree that the issue has been dral Rocks . Everything else was and soft iron pitons (for protec- 110 bolts during an ascent of the blown out of proportion. "The considered beyond the range of tion) that were somewhat limited Leaning Tower . He soon gained a media has gotten out of hand human climbing ability. in their usefulness (they could reputation for placing excessive with its narrow focus on motor- In 1865, the first California only be driven into perfectly par- numbers of bolts, an activity ized bolting," Howard added. "In Geological Survey said about Half allel cracks). When John Salathe which was thought of as not in the past four days I've received Dome, Mt. Starr King and Mt. developed a stronger, more versa- keeping with the adventurous three letters on the issue from Broderick, "Their summits are ab- tile kind of piton out of Model A nature of the sport, as it afforded concerned people as far away as solutely unaccessible ." Ten years Ford axles in 1945, he opened up a more protection than many New York." Because the issue has later, George Anderson proved limitless number of first ascent thought necessary. been causing heated debates in them wrong with his ascent of possibilities . Salathe himself In an attempt to prove that other climbing areas around the country— particularly the Front Range of the Rockies in Colorado — local reporters have started looking for some of the same con- flicts in Yosemite . As it turns out, though, there isn't much of a con- troversy between climbers and officials at the park. The fact is that climbers make up only 1 to 2% of Yosemite's visitor population. Thus, even these im- pacts seem small in the eyes of the Park Service. In a park where there are a number of pressing issues and a somewhat limited budget, climber-related problems are not at the top of the administration's pri- ority list. Nonetheless, most people agree that the Park Service will be forced to become more involved in climber-related issues in Yosemite in the near future . The reason is not only that the issue is of growing o- -concern to other land managers around the country, but it is also causing strife within the local climbing community. Bolts allow climbers to accomplish made the initial climb of the Lost climbing big walls did not neces- Yosemite has strong roots in special traverses like this one be- Arrow Spire in 1947 sarily require the use of hundreds traditional climbing and moun- tween the Valley's north wall and Bolts had already been intro- of bolts, Royal Robbins, Chuck the Lost Arrow Spire . taineering, and this makes many duced as a means of protection to Pratt and Tom Frost climbed the people reluctant to accept change American climbers in 1939 when southwest face of El Capitan using in the park. To get a perspective Half Dome. Anderson's achieve- David Brower and Bestor Robin- only 13 bolts . The "Salathe Wall," on what is happening today, it is ment paved the way for many son made the first ascent of Ship- as they named it, is another one necessary to look at a bit of climb- more ascents of walls that were rock in New Mexico. With this of the most frequently climbed ing history. previously considered unclimb- combination of technologies — routes on El Capitan today. able, and throughout the 1800s, ropework, bolts and pitons—the The Unclimbable John Muir, George Bayley, James 1950s and 1960s saw many first Excessive Hardware Right around the time that Yo- Hutchings and many others ascents on Yosemite's steepest, One of the first major alterca- semite first became a State Park, started a mountaineering highest walls. tions over bolting occurred when Clarence King and some others tradition in Yosemite. In 1958, Warren Harding, Harding and Dean Caldwell drilled did the first serious topographical It wasn't until the 1930s, how- Wayne Merry and George Whit- 300 holes in El Capitan in order to and geological reconnaissance of ever, that ropework and technical more made the first ascent of the bolt their way up "The Wall of Yosemite Valley. They climbed climbing became popular in the face of El Capitan via the Nose Early Morning Light" in 1970 . Rob- many of the peaks around the rim park. In 1933, the first rock climb- route (still the most popular on bins was so offended by the execs-

YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION, WINTER 1991 PAGE THREE. Mark Tuttle is one of the more concerned individuals in the debate. He estimates that there are 16,000 bolts in Yosemite National Park today, and with the use of motorized drills and "rap-bolt" methods, the number is increasing at an alarming rate.

sive amount of hardware used to been scorned by Yosemite Valley's Search and Rescue Team one to two thousand bolts . What engineer the climb that he took it climbers, as it takes away from who has climbed in Yosemite for if you have 10 or 15 rap-bolters upon himself to "chop" all the the risk and adventure of the 16 years and lived in the park for putting up climbs in Yosemite bolts, making it unrepeatable . Part sport. But today there are several 11, claims that "in many cases, not Where is it going to endz" Tuttle way up the route, however, he be- locals who openly support this using power tools compromises estimates that there is a central came so impressed with the climb- style. Proponents of power drills safety. Power drills have made core of 10 to 12 local climbers who ing that he abandoned his chopping and bolting on rappel argue that many of the dicey anchors (on be- actively endorse these methods, project. Still, Harding's and Cald- the ease and convenience of the lay ledges) safer." Tech estimates while a survey he conducted well's project strained most climb- new methods have resulted in that he has placed about 1,000 recently shows that 80% of those ers' perception of the justifiable use safer and more enjoyable routes, bolts in the park, mostly by hand. who climb in Yosemite prefer a of bolts . Today, the debate contin- While he does not own a power more traditional style. ues among climbers about when drill (which cost in the neighbor- While Tuttle agrees that using a bolts should be placed, and more hood of $330), he uses one when- power drill makes climbs safer in importantly, how they should be ever he has the opportunity. Tech some cases, his main concern is placed . The latter is what concerns claims that local climbers like for the resource . "I feel that climb- the Park Service today. himself have reached a consensus ers should be able to choose the As for the "hows" of bolting, up that "they don't care how the kind of climbing they do, but until about five years ago, climbers bolts go in, as long as the route is whenit comes to environmental looking for a way to protect them- safe and a good line." destruction, that's where I draw selves on blank sections of rock (It is interesting to note that this the line ." Tuttle points out that ge- where no cracks existed in which new philosophy is directly con- ologists have found excessive to place removable hardware) had trary to one which many Yosemite drilling to cause premature exfoli- to use a hand drill and a hammer pioneers upheld during the "Gold- ation in the rock. -o make holes for placement of en Age" of Alpinism . Geoffery To protect Yosemite, Tuttle one-quarter inch bolts with hang- Winthrop Young defined and artic- advocates the hiring of two or ers onto which they clipped cara- ulated a philosophy, which accord- three people to patrol climbing biners — a process which could ing to Royal Robbins in a recent areas and issue citations for the sometimes take half an hour for editorial in Rock and Ice, "has guided use of power drills . (Yosemite each bolt. The prevailing ethic was all of the great spirits of moun- currently has no climbing ran- that new climbs were to be put in taineering." Winthrop believed gers.) "If you ban all drilling of -from the ground up ." That meant that, "Getting to the top is nothing. bolts, you put an end to first as- that in almost every case, climbers The way you do is everything .") cents, since all the crack lines would be "on lead," with no rope The steady increase in the popu- have been done," he said . Drilling above them, placing protection, larity of rock climbing combined in bolts by hand would be accept- drilling bolt holes, and placing A climber clips his carabiner into a with this new technology in drills able to Tuttle : "If climbers are bolts as they made their way up bolt-mounted hanger. and a European-imported ethic has willing to put in the sweat and ef- the wall. Usually the lead climber resulted in a significant number of fort to put a bolt in, that's OK . It's ..vould not know what lay ahead, not only because the bolts are big- climbing routes in the Valley with just that mechanization makes it an uncertainty that contributed ger, stronger, and more plentiful, bolts on them—many of them too easy to destroy the rock.' and still contributes) to the adven- but because they are more strate- placed on rappel . This has caused On the other side of the con- turous nature of the sport. gically placed when put in on consternation among those who troversy is Armando Menocal, rappel, making for a more aesthe- Cordless Power feel that excessive activity of this Chairman of the American Al- ticaly pleasing climb . Climbers are sort is not in the best interest of pine Club's Access Fund, and one With today's technology, a more likely to put a greater num- the resource or the integrity of of the main spokespersons for climber can use a cordless power ber of bolts in a route, and do a the sport. the American climbing commu- drill to place a larger and more for- better job at it, if the process only nity Environmental Damage . Menocal calls the whole midable three-eighths inch bolt takes a few minutes and can be bolting issue "much to do about three inches deep into the rock in done without risk of life or limb. Mark Tuttle, a local climber and very little," and estimates the to- a matter of a few minutes . In addi- In contrast, when each bolt owner of Merced Bike and Moun- tal amount of rock moved as a re- tion, it is becoming more common requires half an hour of hard labor tain Shop, is one of the more con- sult of bolting in Yosemite to be to see climbers putting these bolts and the climber is standing on cerned individuals in the debate. less than one cubic foot . He and in from the top down, on rappel small footholds while drilling, the He estimates that there are 16,000 others working on climber issues 'i.e., hanging from ropes secured workmanship may not be as bolts in Yosemite National Park to- around the country resent the above them) . Bolting on rappel good, and the climbs are more day, and with the use of motor- amount of time "wasted" be- allows the climber not only a pre- likely to be "run-out," meaning ized drills and "rap-bolt" methods, laboring the bolting issue . "Tuttle view of the climb, but the oppor- that bolts may be fewer and far- the number is increasing at an and some others are overstating tunity to place his or her protection ther apart than subsequent climb- alarming rate . "One rap-bolter the case . They get all excited with almost no risk of falling. ers feel comfortable with. with a power drill who climbs about bolting and this prevents This method has traditionally Tucker Tech, a member of the solidly all year could easily put in us from working on other more

PAGE FOUR YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION .WINTER 1991

Outlawing the use of power drills is the only thing they can do at this point — from a legal standpoint — short of banning bolting altogether, which seems highly unlikely.

important issues (such as erosion a legal standpoint — short of from braided trails and trash) banning bolting altogether, which with Park Service officials and seems highly unlikely. Given that other land managers." limitations on manpower prevent Both Menocal and Roger Rud- any significant enforcement of olph seem to be happy with the this law, most people agree that current state of climber/Park Ser- the impetus to keep Yosemite vice relations. "Yosemite is a preserved as a mecca for climbers model for the way climbers and and non-climbers alike must land managers should work out come from within the climbing problems," Menocal said. "When community itself. there is a problem, they contact As for the future of climbing us. They realize they can work styles and ethics, some argue that with us as responsible members o we must change with the times of the community. Some places and go with the flow, while oth- don't call first. They just jump in ers, like Royal Robbins, fear that and often regulate without con- with the loss of tradition "we are sulting the public ." (Menocal is re- witnessing the death of Ameri- ferring to the recent introduction can rock climbing ." of bolting bans at several climb- routes in heavily trafficked areas, Should Park Rangers be assigned ing areas around the country.) disposing of human waste, and the task of monitoring climbing Hannah Gosnell, an instructor with In addition to organizing regu- placing bolts where natural pro- routes to ensure that motorized the Yosemite Institute, is a graduate drills are not being used . lar clean-ups of heavily impacted tection is available . They put the ofBrown University. areas such as the base of Half onus on the climbing community Dome, the Access Fund and to be self-regulating and responsi- Clearly, drilling holes in the rock Yosemite National Park have ble users of the environment. to place bolts — whether by hand recently combined efforts to pro- Rudolph and Howard felt or by power drill — is defacing duce a brochure written by climb- strongly about having the bro- the resource . But Rudolph justifies October Quake ers for climbers, to be distributed chure be written by climbers, the incongruity by explaining, Jolts Park at Sunnyside Campground recognizing that regulations com- "We allow climbers, and we allow (where many climbers stay) and ing from the top down would not bolts for safety. Hand drilled bolts As if the August fires and gov- at the Mountaineering Shop in be received as well . Rudolph ad- are allowed and probably always ernment budget uncertainties Yosemite Valley. The brochure vocates a Jeffersonian approach will be. Electric drills have never weren't enough for Yosemite to advocates a "Climber's Code," to managing the park: "That gov- been condoned." contend with, a 5.7 earthquake recognizing that "the sport's cur- ernment which governs least, In response to all the recent in- shook the park at 11 :15 p.m . last rent popularity combined with governs best," he said . Also, Yo- quiries on this issue, the National October 23 . The epicenter of the its evolving styles and objectives semite does not have the funding Park Service recently (December temblor was approximately five are having a noticeable effect on or manpower to enforce regula- 19, 1990) issued a press release miles north of Lee Vining where some areas . . ." The authors dis- tions on climbers . The mandate that reads as follows: minor damage was reported . In cuss such issues as establishing to take care of the resource has "Yosemite National Park Super- Yosemite, a number of rock slides to come from veathin the climbing intendent Michael V Finley would resulted and several roads in the community in most Park offi- like to emphasize that-there are park were closed. No injuries cials' minds. regulations which prohibit the use were reported. While the Park Service cannot of motorized drills for placing On the Big Oak Flat Road legislate morality and thus does bolts on climbs in the park . The between Yosemite Valley and not wish to get involved in the use of these drills has increased re- Crane Flat, a 30-foot section of war over style and ethics, it does source damage on the granite the roadway sustained significant have a say in whether or not walls by drastically increasing the damage. Fifteen road crew mem- climbers may use mechanized number of bolts . It has been and bers worked to clear rocks and devices for recreation in non-de- will continue to be the policy of debris from the road, then stabi- veloped wilderness areas of the the park to prohibit the use of lized the road with 500 to 600 park. The Code of Federal Regula- these drills. Rangers will enforce rocks using rockwall construction tions states not only that there are this regulation." to support the roadbed, and to be no mechanized devices in As far as the Park Service is finally resurfaced the road . Both non-developed areas (which in- concerned, protection of the re- Highway 140 between El Portal clude most places in the park that source is the only issue at stake and the Big Oak Flat Road junc- are 200 feet from a road), but also in this debate . Outlawing the use tion, and the Tioga Road be- Search & Rescue Officer forYosem- that there is to be no destruction ite National Park, Bob Howard . of power drills is the only thing tween Tioga Pass and Lee Vining or defacing of the resource . they can do at this point — from were also closed by rockfall .

YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION . WINTER 1991 PAGE FIVE Comments on GMP Examination Report Summarized

In August of 1989, Many commenters fa- the National Park Ser- vored the extension of the shuttle bus system vice issued a Draft Yo- shown here in one of semite 1980 General its earlier forms. Management Plan Ex- amination Report for actions that relate to public review. From the General Manage- September 1st to Jan- ment Plan. Two of the uary 5, 1990 com- more significant proj- ments on that ects are both studies . A document were rigorous evaluation of solicited and accepted. Yosemite visitor opin- Over 4,250 letters ion is being made by were received by the way of a year-round. ?ark Service in re- statistically valid visitor sponse to the report, interview survey that and last September a began in June of 1990 summary of the com- at the park. Surveyors ments contained in hope to assess visitor hose letters was experiences, attitudes released. and perceptions, and The NPS categor- explore such issues as :zed responses by the crowding and park im- major points empha- age. A non-visitor com- sized in the comments . Park ponent of the study will examine Service analysts believe the Responses IVnrnber Percent the attitudes of those who do not comments were influenced by Support 1980 GMP as is: visit Yosemite and try to deter- the intense media coverage and mine why. letter writing campaigns by Yes 2312 87% No 335 13% The second project is a hous- :Merest groups, and that the re- ing study that will lead to a draft sults are not necessarily repre- Valley Accommodations : (tents, hotels) Environmental Impact Statement sentative of the entire Yosemite on housing alternatives . The . sitor population nor of the Increase 55 2% study will involve scoping and public at large. Decrease 1130 49% analysis for comprehensive and Further, the summary makes Stay the same 1121 49% definitive relocation formulas for _':ear that the Examination Report employee housing . The study -.vas strictly an informational, sta- Valley Housing : (NPS, YP&CCo) will examine and evaluate a full _ss document, not a decision Upgrade 33 3% range of alternatives . When the document nor an amendment Decrease 800 65% EIS is complete, the NPS will of the 1980 GMP. The NPS re- Stay the same 398 32% convene public meetings on the affirmed its commitment to the various housing options that have realization of the vision and Valley Traffic : (cars, congestion) been identified. latent of the 1980 General Man- Increase 2 .1% agement Plan, and indicated that Decrease 287 16.8% any future GMP- related action Stay the same 89 5.1% -.will be undertaken under full Limit 1331 78% `:EPA compliance. Summarizing the responses Drive a Valley Parking: (parking spaces, lots) was complicated by the fact Increase 199 19% "Yosemite" mat not every respondent com- mented on all issues for which Decrease 286 28% The January 1991 issue of Car e NPS was tallying opinion. Stay the same 554 53% and Driver includes news that The results that are presented be- GMC is deciding whether to kw provide the percentages of Mass Transit: (extend shuttles, satellite shuttle) call its 1992 Jimmy "the Yukon," those who expressed an opinion Extend/increase shuttle 498 39% "the Wolftrack," or "the Yosem- en each topic. Long-range satellite shuttle 377 30% ite." The last was preferred by a As part of the summary, the Both increase and satellite 126 10% GMC executive, but research 'rational Park Service also de- Support mass transit 241 19% showed that only half the coun- .._ribed some of its upcoming No new systems 22 2% try could pronounce "Yosemite ."

PAGE SIX YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION ,WINTER 1991 Yosemite Park & Curry Co. To Be Sold Histom

pact 01

In a development that could Yosemite have considerable impact on Yosemite's future, an agreement readied A Chronology of was reached in January for the ntenor the Deal sale of the assets of the park's MCA, l Dement agree major concessioner, the Yosemite November 26—The sale of nonpcofit Park & Curry Co ., to the non- e to MCA to Matsushita is announced. profit National Park Foundation on pack Eosindatbon November 27 — MCA an- in 1993. The deal was catalyzed nounces that the Yosemite Park razil by the sale of Curry's parent y ri`w „F & Curry Co. will not be part of company, entertainment giant the sale to Matsushita . The com- MCA Inc., to Matsushita Electric pany will be placed in a bank- Industrial Co. of Japan. supervised escrow with profits The arrangement capped more to go to the National Park Foun- than a month of controversy and dation . An American buyer will speculation that began with the be found within a year. announcement of the MCA December 22 — The NPS re- transfer to Japanese ownership. fuses to approve proposed ar- Originally that transaction was rangement for Curry. not to include the Yosemite Park December 29 — The MCA- & Curry Co., but following a Matsushita sale is completed. highly convoluted process of ne- The Curry Co . remains in limbo. gotiation, the parties settled on December 31 — Interior Secre- terms that will leave the present tary Manuel Lujan, irritated and Curry management in place until angry about the state of negotia- the end of the existing concession tions, threatens to cancel the contract (1993), and allow Mat- Curry contract. sushita to own Curry Co . until January 1 — Lujan voices his that time. concerns about Japanese owner- When the contract expires, the ship in American national parks National Park Foundation will be- while pressuring Matsushita to come the nominal owner of the donate the Curry Co. Yosemite concession which will January 2 — MCA accuses be donated in tum to the Na- Lujan of Japan hashing, intimida- tional Park Service . The operating tion and coercion. contract will be put out to bid to January 3 — Congressman all interested parties, and who- Bruce Vento calls for hearings on ever is selected will he called the Curry Co . and the Yosemite upon to service the debt incurred concession before the House to purchase Curry's assets . The Will the sale of the Yosemite Park many US citizens agreed, for Lu- Subcommittee on National Parks announced purchase price was & Curry Co. change to any extent jan's mail reportedly ran strongly & Public Lands. $49.5 million, which with interest the way Americans have tradition- in favor of his stand. January 4–7 — Negotiations ally enjoyed Yosemite? will grow to some $60 million by At one point Lujan sarcasti- continue in Washington. 1993 when payments will begin. cally said, "Happy New Year! A January 8 — Sale of Yosemite In development of the agree- Along the way efforts were Japanese company now owns Park & Curry Co . to the National ment, the National Park Service made by the San Francisco-based exclusive rights to do business in Park Foundation is consummated. and the US Department of the In- non- profit Yosemite Restoration Yosemite." He threatened to can- terior were active participants . An Trust to purchase the Curry Co ., cel the Curry contract if a deal original proposal to handle the and Secretary of the Interior Man- could not be reached, and MCA Curry Co. in a bank-supervised es- uel Lujan attempted to convince reacted by accusing him of Japan eign ownership in US national crow to be managed by an MCA- Matsushita officials simply to do- bashing and of trying to intimi- parks. appointed committee outside the nate the concession to the Na- date and coerce MCA into do- Resolution came on January 8 MCA-Matsushita sale (with prof- tional Park Service or the National nating the Curry Co . against when the MCA-National Park its to the National Park Founda- Park Foundation . Complicating its will. Foundation agreement was tion) was rejected by Park Service the negotiations was Lujan's In the middle of this posturing, signed . It came just one day be- Director James Ridenour. The xenophobic position that it was Congress entered the fray by call- fore the House Subcommittee on MCA transaction was completed inappropriate for a Japanese com- ing for House subcommittee National Parks and Public Lands anyway, and the future of Yosem- pany to own assets in an Ameri- hearings on the fate of the Curry was scheduled to meet. Under ite's concession was left in limbo. can national park. Apparently Co. and the implications of for- the terms of the deal, the Yosem-

YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION . WINTER 1991 PAGE SEVEN

ite Park & Curry Co . will con- the same. His remarks were tinue to operate Yosemite's ho- viewed as a "letdown" by those tels, restaurants and other guest who had hoped that reductions Reactions to the facilities until 1993 and will do- in commercial facilities and Deal nate $2 million dollars a year for automobile traffic might occur three years to the National Park following the sale . (He later in- "It's a fantastic deal . I don't Foundation . The sale will be dicated that there would be a think anything like this has ever financed by MCA at an interest 17% reduction in lodgings in taken place." — NPS Director rate of 8.5%. Yosemite Valley.) Other critics JAMES RIDENOUR The real details of the sale will have suggested that the sale will "This is a watershed event and not be known until 1993 when result in no changes of any kind it is symbolic that it comes at our a new concession operator is se- at Yosemite. centennial, and is notable in that it will take us into our second lected . In the meantime, the de- In the meantime, it will be hundred years ." — Yosemite velopment has been greeted pretty much status quo in the Superintendent MIKE FINLEY with varying reactions . Many operation of the Yosemite con- z "I fully anticipate that believe this represents a land- cession. Changes shouldn't be mark change in the handling YP&CCo. will be a solid con- Several environmental groups expected until 1993 at the earli- tender for the new contract, of concessions in national parks reacted negatively recently when est. It's then we'll learn if the regardless of who owns the and in the way parks are funded. NPS Director Ridenour was vaunted sale of the Yosemite Others are less optimistic and company at that time . The skill quoted as saying that the level Park & Curry Co. is a "land- and expertise which all (Curry are reserving judgment pending of commercial activity at Yo- mark," a disappointment, or Co. employees) have shown are implementation of the change. semite would remain essentially something in between. well-regarded with the National Park System and were com- mented upon very favorably by Terms of the Deal Issues Remaining Unresolved Secretary Lujan in his recent ap- pearance before the Congres- .- The assets of the Yosemite Who will win Yosemite's : Will the sale result in fewer sional hearing." — YP&CCo Park & Curry Co . will be sold to concession contract in 1993? commercial activities in Yosem- President ED HARDY the National Park Foundation for .- Will the 11% franchise fee ite or will development stay at "The important question re- $49 .5 million in 1993. The sale remain in the park to benefit present levels? mains: Will this agreement lead price will bear interest at 8 .5% Yosemite or will it be deposited •- Will any new concessioner be to more resource protection and beginning February 1, 1991. in the General Treasury? able to service the debt to MCA less commercialization at Yo- et- MCA will continue to own dr- Will the National Park Foun- and pay an 11% franchise fee at semite? On this point the jury is and operate the Curry Co . until dation use the $2 million it the same time? still out." — Wilderness Society September, 1993 with no receives each year to benefit How long will be the term of President GEORGE FRAMPTON change in the level of services Yosemite? Will it take an admin- the next concession contract' "This is no time for a victory offered. istrative fee? • Will the new concession con- celebration . The basic public •- MCA will donate $2 million •- Will the National Park Foun- tract require implementation of concerns about commercialism annually to the National Park dation exercise its option to key aspects of the 1980 General in Yosemite and the impact Foundation for the next three expand the YP&CCo board? Management Plan for Yosemite? caused by vehicles remain to be years. If so, who will be selected for •- Will the sale result in any more dealt with. If we only change • At the request of the National the board? money to be used at Yosemite? rider, the question remains, will Park Foundation, the Yosemite Yosemite be better off?" — For- Park & Curry Co . Board of Di- mer NPS Western Regional Director rectors can be expanded to in- elude two representatives of HOWARD CHAPMAN "The sale is a major event that the Foundation. will lead to concessions reform or The National Park Foundation throughout the park system. will have no preferential right of Nearly all of Interior Secretary renewal for the concession con- Manuel Lujan's concessions re- :a-act (nor will the new operator), form objectives have been and the new concessioner will achieved by the agreement ." relinquish any possessory inter- NPCA Regional Representative est in the concession assets over Russ BUTCHER the term of the contract. "I still believe there is going Beginning in 1993, the new to be a need for vigilance on franchise fee to be paid by the the part of the public to ensure concessioner to the US Govern- the Park Service doesn't back- ment will be 11% . Until then it slide." — Environmentalist PATRI- remains at .75% . CIA SCHIFFERLE

PAGE EIGI IT YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION .WINTER 1991 It Can Never Be Painted!

T H E P I O N E E R A R T I S T S O F Y O S E M I T E

Katherine AI. Littell thus had a different focus for affected by this idea . With few ex- "Yosemite Valley" byAlbertBierstadt. their interpretations of wilderness ceptions, their work and lives as On July 25, 1864, President Lin- from that expressed in the Hud- artists, either enthusiastically or Ranging as the Yosemite Valley coln signed a bill granting the son River School with which reluctantly, took on a political di- does from the impersonally dra- Yosemite Valley to the State of they shared similarities in art mension, which the Hudson River matic sculptural rock formations California to be conserved for styles and a romantic relationship artists did not share despite their created by glaciers to the Barbi- the recreational enjoyment of to nature. government commissions. zon intimacy of its forests and he public. This act represented The painters of the Hudson Although the pioneer artists of glades, artists were forced to dif- a policy never before applied to River School established the the Yosemite all have a naturalistic ferentiate their styles to capture the management of the public American art scene as an appro- approach to their subject, they de- its compelling beauty. The artists domain. priate subject for art and land- veloped great diversity of style in of the Hudson River School differ With the establishment of the scape painting as a source of their effort to portray nature ex- from the Yosemite artists in that Yosemite Grant under state stew- edification. For these reasons the actly as it appeared to each of they created in their views of na- ardship, wilderness became of government began to support them as meticulously as possible. ture a sense of place derived from equal value with great works of landscape art with commissions Just as the inspiration of John special spiritual preoccupations of art, something to be protected, for public buildings. Muir's writings encouraged a nat- their own, while the Yosemite enjoyed and revered as a source The idea that government, uralistic rather than a poeticized artists approached nature with a of spiritual benefit . Artists, who however, on behalf of the public, description of wilderness in the naturalistic, matter-of-fact realism traversed the Yosemite as explor- should incur costs to protect wil- Yosemite artists' work, the unique intended to penetrate nature's se- ers, tourists, interpreters of its derness itself in its natural state diversity of the Yosemite scenery crets and reveal nature's own spir- magnificent views or who lived was first born with the Yosemite evoked highly individual, artistic ituality latent in its forms. in the Valley for the purpose of Grant, and the artists who painted development well- suited to artists The pristine magic of the Yo- painting its wonders year-round, its views were all differently who were frequently self-taught. semite which the pioneer artists

YOSEMITE ASSOCIAtION . WINTER 1991 PAGE NINE

sought to capture was manifest in Grove as a ground for recreation. its irresistible impact upon the very The action of Congress with re- ordinary mortals who inadver- gard to the Yosemite was doubt- tently discovered the Valley in 1851 less taken in view of the peculiar and those who explored it in 1855. value of its natural scenery; the Ironically, it was James Mason purpose of its action was to give Hutchings, one of several home- the public for all future time the steaders, who later contested the greatest practicable advantage withdrawal of the Yosemite from of that scenery, and the duty settlement lands, who brought the of the Commission is to secure first artist into the Valley. the accomplishment of that pur- pose. What affects natural scen- Thomas Ayres ery favorably or unfavorably to 0 Thomas Ayres was selected by b the enjoyment of mankind is the o– x z Hutchings to provide views of the principal study of your lives and Valley for Hutchings' magazine, 'L as you are at present making a z California Illustrated . "Passing scene special study of the scenery of after scene of unutterable sublim- not without effect . In 1866 the the Yosemite you may find it which appeared in the Atlantic ity, and sketching those deemed California Legislature accepted convenient to give some thought i11'lonthly: most noteworthy," Hutchings and the Grant, established two years incidentally to two general ques- "One of the most interesting his party proceeded through the earlier by President Lincoln, and tions your advice upon which accessions to our collections is a uncharted territory of the magnifi- appointed a Commission to would be of great service to the series of twelve views, on glass, cent gorge with Ayres as their ex- manage the Yosemite Grant and commission: of scenes and objects in Califor- plorer-artist. the Mariposa Big Tree Grove 1st. Are there any conditions nia, sent us with unprovoked lib- Born in 1816, Ayres worked as which consisted of eight distin- affecting the scenery of the Yo- erality by the artist, Mr. Watkins. a draughtsman in St . Paul, Min- guished California citizens who semite unfavorably which it As specimens of art they are ad- nesota with an engineering firm served without compensation un- would be in the power of the mirable, and some of the subjects before arriving in California dur- der the chairmanship of Frederick State to remove, or the further are among the most interesting ing the Gold Rush of 1849. He Law Olmsted. and increased effect of which to be found in the whole realm soon abandoned his gold-mining Two San Francisco artists might be prevented of nature." in favor of art as an itinerant helped prompt this acceptance. 2nd. What can be done by the Watkins had made his first trip recorder of California scenery In 1865, Olmsted, a landscape State to enhance the enjoyment to the Yosemite in 1858 or 1859. in charcoal and graphite. The gardener and dedicated supporter now afforded by the scenery of In 1861 he photographed Galen sketches Ayres made of Yosem- of wilderness conservation, had the Yosemite ,; Clark, discoverer of the Mariposa ite during the Hutchings expedi- commissioned Virgil Williams, The commission being re- Big Tree Grove, beside the "Griz- tion of 1855, and a second series future Director of the California quired by Act of Congress to per- zly Giant," thus creating one of of Yosemite drawings, were ex- School of Design in San Fran- form its own duties gratuitously the earliest photographs ever of hibited at the American Art cisco, and Thomas Hill, as well and no provision having been the Sequoia gigantea. Union in 1857 as photographer C .E. Watkins, to made for meeting any expenses Thomas Hill This exhibition earned the make a special study of Yosem- in the premises, I cannot promise artist a commission from Harper's ite's scenery and determine how the pecuniary remuneration for In 1862, Thomas Hill had Illustrated Weekly to create sketch- best to render the natural won- your advice which it would be made his first trip to the Yosem- es for articles on California. ders of the Grant accessible to your right to demand but it is ite, accompanied by Keith and Ayres began in San Diego and the public. hoped that the importance of the :ravelled north to San Francisco, Olmsted's letter reflects his Commission's duty as a field of sketching all the way in fulfill- own selfless dedication as well study for artists and the great in- ment of this commission . On as that expected from the artists terests of the public in having the April 26, 1858, having accom- whom he invited to take on an action to be taken by the State plished his mission, Ayres enormous amount of work, well advised present sufficient boarded the Laura Bevan at San hardship and personal expense grounds of apology for request- Pedro harbor en route for San without any reimbursement or ing your professional assistance Francisco . Beset by a storm, the compensation . Dated Yosemite, as a favor." ship sank, taking all its passen- August 9th, 1865, Olmsted writes ;ers down with it, as well as to "Messrs. Williams, Hill & C E Watkins Ayre's sketches of California. Watkins" in one communication: Watkins' photographs effec- "I address you on behalf of the tively publicized the Yosemite Frederick Law Olmsted Commissioners appointed under as far away as Boston . In 1863 The unfortunate artist's draw- the Act of Congress, establish- Oliver Wendell Holmes had writ- _ngs of Yosemite, however, were ing the Yosemite and Mariposa ten of Watkins' California views

PAGE TEN YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION .WINTER 1991

James Madison Alden, artist of the first government survey of the Pacific Coast and official art- ist of the Northwestern Bound- ary Survey, travelled with the survey ship, Active, wintering in San Francisco and surveying in the spring along the California Coast. San Diego Harbor, Santa Barbara Channel Islands and San Francisco Bay were all charted in addition to other areas . During this time Alden travelled inland to the Grand Canyon, Sierra Ne- vada Mountains and Yosemite. Of Alden's nine watercolors of Yosemite, six are dated 1859. His views are essentially topographi- cal and unromanticized, allowing objective comparisons between "Mirror Lake" by Albert Bierstadt. nia to the Yosemite Grant and the claimed had "incited more un- actual sizes and shapes of various Courtesy of the Santa Barbara consequent reluctance of the leg- pleasant people to visit California geological features. His studies Museum of Art. islature to appropriate the funds than all our conspiring hotel- have blandness, however, that is necessary for its management. keepers could compel to return," incompatible with the Valley's Virgil Williams. In 1866 Hill ex- Homesteaders in the Valley and in the San Francisco Newslet- grand moods and sparkling vi- hibited Yosemite scenes at the compounded the Commissioners' ter, September 7, 1869, he wrote vacity. Alden was more a de- National Academy of Design in predicament by refusing to ac- that Bierstadt's misfortune was tached and neutral observer than New York, and in 1868 he con- cept their authority at all. The a "blow . . . finally struck at the an artist. signed a large panorama of Yo- selfless dedication of the Com- root of immigration." semite to Boston's Tremont missioners, of whom Galen Bierce went on to hypothesize William Smith Jewett Gallery. The Boston Convnonwealth Clark was one, to building public sarcastically: "If we can now cor- Popular San Francisco portrait in 1868 wrote of this picture: appreciation of the Valley and en- ral Hill's painting and send East painter, William Smith Jewett "...the principal picture is couraging tourism, did eventually all the rest we may hope for visited Yosemite in 1861 . His Thomas Hill's Yosemite Valley turn the tide in favor of the Yo- peace. If not, we trust some dar- paintings, Bridal Veil Palls and which was exhibited in the gal- semite Grant. ing spirit will be found to blow Jupiter's Spires, are dated that lery last summer, when it was Quite correctly, Commissioner up the infernal valley with Giant year. Born in South Dover, New universally pronounced the best Lerman saw in tourism to the Yo- powder or glycerine soap." York on August 6, 1812, Jewett representative of the great natural semite the only means of making On June 26, 1882, eighteen studied at the National Academy wonder of California ever pro- the Grant financially viable and years after the bill had been of Design and was active as a duced by any painter." beneficial to the public rather signed by President Lincoln, the portrait painter in New York City The artists' reverential recrea- than a heavy burden upon a re- San Francisco Chronicle still called from 1833 until 1849 when he tions of what they saw as well as luctant taxpayer. Profitability and the Yosemite Grant "a white ele- joined the Gold Rush to Califor- the reports written by Fitz Hugh the general perception of egalitar- phant" and complained that the nia. After a short period in the Ludlow for the Atlantic Monthly ian benefit alone, the Commis- poor were paying Eor its support mines, he opened studios in San did nothing to remedy the frus- sioners foresaw, could protect while only the rich — foreign Francisco and Sacramento. tration of practical men in the the Yosemite Grant's "pristine and native — could afford to en- California State legislature, how- beauty" from desecration by joy it. "It is wrong in principle Albert Bierstadt et al ever, confronted as of 1866 with development or neglect. and oppressive in practice," edito- Albert Bierstadt journeyed the obligation to maintain at pub- Increasingly, the Commission- rialized the Chronicle, "for any across the United States in 1863 lic expense a large territory which, ers looked to artists and photog- government to tax the common with Fitz Hugh Ludlow, critic for though beautiful, produced noth- raphers to popularize the unique people and the poor for the ex- the New York Evening Post, an un- ing and promised never to cover loveliness of the Grant, but even clusive benefit of the rich ." stable, minor writer commis- its own expenses. this was resisted by vitriolic sioned to publish impressions of In 1869, the Secretary of the elements among the public . Am- James Madison Alden the trip in a book . Virgil Williams, Commission duly set forth in the brose Bierce, for example, re- Although artists are reputedly whom Bierstadt knew in Rome, obligatory biennial report to Gov- joiced with "grim satisfaction" poor, many made the arduous and geologist John Hewston, ernor Haight both prongs of the in the "destruction by fire of trek to the Yosemite Valley, the joined them in San Francisco. Commissioners' dilemma : wide- Bierstadt's celebrated picture of sole enticement being the splen- Enoch Wood Perry, Jr., a genre, spread public hostility in Califor- Yosemite Valley," which he pro- did inspiration of the views . landscape and portrait painter

YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION, WINTER 1991 PAGE ELEVEN

took part in the expedition. Perry the Yosemite for inspiration to had studied with Leutze in Dus- an artist. seldorf for two years and with This is not an old prejudice, Couture in Paris, served in 1857 as born of sentiment or habit . It was U.S. Consul in Venice and from a conclusion that I reached only 1861-1865 maintained a studio in four years ago, after I had done San Francisco where he painted my travelling, had studied and primarily portraits. painted for years, and knew the This distinguished company charm of many another place. travelled into the Yosemite via So there was no youthful fervor the Mariposa Trail. In the Big such as goes with inexperience. Tree Grove they met Galen My appetite for scenery had had Clark, and Bierstadt painted a a chance to become blase, if an picture of Clark standing at the artist's appetite ever could do so. foot of one of the Sequoias. It was at this point that the Yo- Ludlow's journal records that semite came upon me as some- the group descended into the Val- thing new and more wonderful ley from Inspiration Point and than anything I had ever known. made a camp in a meadow on Four years ago, . . . I went for the Merced River, where they re- two weeks, and I more than dou- mained for seven weeks. Virgil bled the length of time before I Williams painted a picture of his left . . . I believe that there is no four friends resting on the such inspiration in•the world . I Merced riverbank with Cathedral believe, too, that it has never Spires looming large in the back- been painted and never can be. ground and titled his work Along Perhaps that has something to the Mariposa Trail. Sketches made do with the fascination — the during this period by the three futility of every attempt. Month painters provided each with a after month I work there, feeling wealth of material that served as at every trial that I have caught studies for many of their finest some secret now, some trick by paintings of the Valley. which I can capture and hold to It is beyond the scope of this my canvas a long wooed effect, article to discuss all of the artists studio on his campsite along the "Sentinel Rock and Acorn but it always eludes me . The who pilgrimaged to the Valley, a banks of the Merced River. Caches" by Chris Jorgensen. sublimity of the place is some- list which includes such diverse The Jorgensen residence, de- thing that man is too small talent as William Hahn, Gilbert signed by Oakland architect Wal- stantial and was described by the to reproduce. Munger, Herman Herzog, Con- ter Matthews, with its living San Francisco Chronicle on Febru- That is the keynote of its stance Gordon-Cumming, Wil- room dedicated to the display of ary 17 1901, as one of the "most power — sublimity. To aim at liam Keith, Hugo Fisher, James the artist's paintings, was sub- unique and artistic studios on the painting its grandeur is to aim at David Smillie, Thomas Moran, coast." The center of the house the greatest that exists . Surely this and William Rice. was the twenty-four foot square is the best thing an artist can do. studio-living room, a floor plan He will never reach the goal, but Chris Jorgensen similar to the Hill studio-recep- he has hitched his wagon to Of the artists known to have tion room. a star." established studios in the park On February 22, 1903, the San in which they both lived and Francisco Call Bulletin published Katherine M. Littell has studied sold their wares, Thomas Hill an interview with Chris Jorgen- the fine art of Yosemite fora number and Chris Jorgensen built the sen entitled "The Inspiration of of years, giving special attention to most substantial and best Yosemite," in which the artist de- the work' of Chris Jorgensen . She known studios. scribed his appreciation of the holds a Master's Degree from Chris Jorgensen, who first Park and revealed the continuing Harvard in Germanic Languages came into the Park in 1898 to attraction Yosemite has for all and Literatures . This article first sketch, had been a student of artists who paint there: appeared in the Newsletter of Thomas Hill 's in San Francisco. "I was born in Norway. I have the Harvard Graduate Societe Hill so admired Jorgensen's work travelled all over Europe, and I and is used with permission. that he gave the young artist a zo know California pretty thorough- A list of citations for quotes key to his studio . In 1900 Jorgen- ly, and I don't think there is a and other sources is available sen secured permission to build a z place in the world that can equal upon request.

PAGE TWEIVE YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION ,WINTER 1991 A Troubling Second Century

David Al Graber had been almost extirpated by the oak woodland community permit allocation system designed conquest. there. But bighorn have been re- to disperse use . Only a handful of This year marks the begin- Sequoia and Kings Canyon stored to Yosemite ; the mountain campsites and trails have had to ning of Yosemite National Park's National Parks have lost only two meadows have almost entirely be closed because of excessive re- second century, as it does for Se- species of vertebrates since their recovered, and fire has returned source impact . Giardiasis, how- quoia National Park. Kings Can- establishment : the grizzly bear both as management burns and ever, and increased sensitivity to yon, between them along the in the 1920s, and the foothill natural fires. wilderness water quality have crest of the Sierra Nevada, begins yellow-legged frog in the 1970s. The challenge of the second confronted the Park Service with its second half-century. All three Yosemite additionally lost its century will be something quite an unsolved sewage disposal can look back with satisfaction at Sierra bighom sheep at about the unlike what the Sierran parks problem in popular camping areas stewardships that set examples turn of the century, and suffered faced in the first. Population where low temperatures, hard- for national parks throughout the the indignity of O'Shaughnessy growth in California and the rest rock granite, or marmot maraud- world, and that largely accom- Dam drowning Hetch Hetchy of the world will inevitably trans- ers foil every scheme. plished the mission of a National Valley in its early years. late to ever-increasing demand Is hard to say when another Park Service yet younger than the To this day, Sequoia bears the for limited facilities in the small wave of popularity will strike parks themselves . They have scars of a flume built in the 1920s developed zones of the parks . Al- backpacking as it did 20 years ago, continued to provide for the en- and of some small reservoirs ac- though only a smattering of visi- but the rising tide of humanity joyment of successive genera- quired, along with Mineral King, tors wander more than a few would seem to make it inevitable. tions of visitors while conserving in 1978, but the most serious eco- hundred meters beyond black- Dispersed use would have to give a landscape and resource base logical assaults on it and Kings top, providing for more of them way to designated campsites if vis- largely unimpaired. Canyon were the sheep grazing would mean not only new struc- itor nights increase significantly. Like the new Alaskan parks, that brutalized their mountain tures and road, but conversion Conflicts between stock users and but unlike most contemporary meadows, nearly a century of of more scarce water from natu- hikers may pale against the de- acquisitions, the Sierran national fire suppression that had begun ral to human use and increased mands of new cultural groups re- parks were not only intact when to choke forest and chaparral pollution. defining wilderness ethics. they were established, they were communities, and the invasion of Backcountry use has been The continuing evolution of carved out of a vast chunk of more than 100 species of alien nearly flat for more than a decade; thinly-settled, contiguous moun- plants . In the foothills of Sequoia, stock parties are smaller and Happy Isles, Merced River. The tain wilderness . Native Indian Mediterranean grasses now dom- fewer than they were in years impacts of visitors will be small populations who mostly used the inate the herbaceous layer and no past. Demand only locally and oc- compared to the challenge of pre- high Sierra for seasonal hunting doubt have profoundly altered casionally exceeds the wilderness serving ecosystems.

=SEMITE ASSOCIATION . WINTER 1991 PAGE THIRTEEN

technology presents op- new, man-made ecosystems portunities for resource that will eventually arise after protection, and unre- centuries of turbulence . The solved conflicts with tra- terms "alien vs . native " and ditional park ethics and "wild vs. anthropogenic" lose the Wilderness Act . Port- most of their meaning with able radios and helicopters human-induced climate have made it far simpler to change. locate missing people, and It is difficult to find a to transport injured ones cheery note on which to out of wilderness. Mules close . Certainly research and and horses, the traditional Mt. Starr King. monitoring to detect and un- means of transporting Prospects for air pollution derstand ecological changes are equipment in the back- and acid precipitation in the future accelerating. That means, at very country, have a greater eco- that could escape are unsettling. least, the public will be informed logical impact through their boundaries, and by local and of the costs to its parks of contin- consumption of forage and tram- state controls on smoke produc- ued population and industrial pling than do helicopters, which tion of fires. duced waterfowl populations growth. And it means a more are also cheaper to operate and That's just the beginning . New that used to migrate along the symbiotic relation ship with More versatile at carrying un- species of alien plants and ani- Sierra . Tropical and subtropical university, agency, and private wieldy or delicate items — but mals will invade, especially from deforestation is the most impor- research organizations which helicopters are more disruptive adjacent foothill farms and vil- tant, but not the only cause for need wilderness research areas of a "wilderness experience" lages. Bullfrogs are a recent ex- the sharp and continuing decline and which generate critical man- than is a pack train. ample . Introduced populations of migratory songbird popula- agement information. The Yel- And what of the radio repeat- of beavers outside Sequoia and tions in the parks. Old-timers lowstone grizzly's brush with ers, satellite uplinks, and data ac- white-tailed ptarmigan adjacent lament the loss of song and color extinction that led to the multi- .:uisition platforms multiplying in to Yosemite — both alien — will from Sierra forests and ponds, agency management concept the Sierran backcountry, there for provide a perennial source of in- but the decline is certain to con- Sof the Greater Yellowstone Eco- safety, to provide information on vasion. On the other hand, hunt- tinue to the point of local ex- system is setting an example snow conditions and the year's ing and poaching pressure will tinctions . For the first time, the elsewhere. water supply, or to monitor eco- increase on native animals like Sierran parks face substantial loss No doubt, the Park Service in system conditions' Will we de- mule deer and black bear whose of biological diversity. the Sierra increasingly will join stroy the essence of wilderness home ranges take them beyond forces with the adjacent national '.vhile trying to protect wilder- park boundaries . Every popula- Global Climate Change forests, BLM lands, and private ness ecosystems tion of Sierra bighom sheep is No sooner has the Park Service landholders to look at regionwide The impacts of visitors and threatened with disease-induced gotten a grasp on "natural" and research, information systems. visitor services, however, will be extinction from domestic sheep "wild " as appropriate manage- and management . This is already small compared to the challenge when they winter on the east ment objectives than they begin underway in the cases of spotted of preserving ecosystems and slope of the Sierra. to slip from our grasp . The warm- owl, peregrine falcon, and some their constituent elements func- ing and exchange of some winter of the rare furbearers such as Air Pollution tioning in something resembling snow for rain tentatively predicted fisher and wolverine . As both a natural, wild fashion, in the Despite its legal status entitling for the Sierra Nevada will be the producer of smoke and victim of :ace of onslaughts from beyond it to "Class I " air quality, Sequoia most extreme of the four systemic air pollution, Sequoia has begun Dark boundaries. is one of the smoggiest wilder- threats described . Alpine species to plan an active role in regional ness parks in the country. Re- well may be lost entirely, while air quality management. Insularization search in the past decade has others variously seek new ground There is little hope that the Logging, mining, grazing, hy- traced the increasing impacts of in higher elevations or more next century will close with Sier- drological development, and hu- ozone on pines and now finds ef- northerly latitudes . No doubt ran national parks as wild as they man settlement have begun to fects on the giant sequoias, and many species will not be able to are today, but their ability to pro- dismember the once-contiguous has recorded acid precipitation in respond quickly enough, or the vide an understanding of nature Sierran wilderness. The con- rain and dry particles . Given the peculiar combinations of environ- to a human race increasingly es- sequences of "conflicting uses" stunning population growth in ment they require will not be cre- tranged from its roots, and nour- beyond park boundaries will the San Joaquin Valley – the stag- ated elsewhere, or competition ishment to the soul remains. continue to grow in the next cen- nant air basin adjacent to the from new combinations of species tury. Already, the parks' natural Sierran parks – prospects for the will exclude them. We face the David M. Graber is a research fire management program is future are unsettling. unpalatable alternatives of at- biologist in Sequoia and Kings hamstrung by the elimination of tempting to manage baskets of Canyon National Parks. He spent fires that once naturally burned Global Development species intensively to prevent several years in Yosemite with re- into the parks, by park neighbors Loss of wetlands in California their loss — giant sequoia itself sponsibility for the bear manage- effectively opposed to park fires and Mexico has drastically re- comes to mind — or accepting the ment program.

PAGE FOURTEEN YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION ,WINTER 1991 Yose/'\ite Viewpoints

solar cells on the nearby Chow- Letters to the Editor chilla Mountains. An additional benefit would New Resort/Staging Area be the closure of Highway 140 to for Yosemite- all but local traffic . The Merced River would become almost as In his "Continuing the Yosemite wild and primitive as it was in Debate," Alfred Runte raises two the park's earlier days. Also, Wa- important issues : the necessity for wona and the Mariposa Grove debate, and the Yosemite Valley would take on a more primeval Railroad . He wold also like to ban aura. Though I would allow cars alcohol, although its use appears in these areas, the bustling to be a longstanding Yosemite Fresno–Yosemite traffic would be Valley tradition. Shirley Sargent gone. I would also allow vehicles says in her Yosemite ct Its Inn- on the Wawona Road north to keepers (p. 16) : While all the inns Yosemite Valley, for the benefit of served liquor, Snow's (established those travelers heading to Crane 1870) was notably free and easy Flat and beyond. Crane Flat also as testified to by the guests who would have at least a bus-shuttle wrote in the register : "Be sure to service during the snow- free try the Snow water," and "No season, but would lack resort person here obliged to commit facilities. Ultimately, I would like burglary to obtain a drink." Thus to see traffic on the Tioga Road alcohol is not a recent problem. greatly reduced, but that matter I couldn't agree more with Runte will take a lot of thought. about the necessity for debate, be Jeffrey P. Schaffer it over park issues or over global Hercules environmental issues . And since he is urging debate, I would like to take issue with his second For YA's Growth in New Year main point, the Yosemite Valley I enclose my check for mem- 0 Railroad . While I agree with him 0 bership in the Yosemite Associa- that the Grand Canyon Railroad tion. I wanted to write to you is a good idea, the Yosemite Val- z about this, in order to register my ley Railroad is not. The route to feeling about the matter. Like the rim of the Grand Canyon is expect trains to make hourly Liberating Yosemite Valley has other members of the Associa- not through n oversteepened runs, days and evenings, seven its price. tion, I love Yosemite, and have gorge with a well-documented days a week? And how could we been a member for many years. history of pressure-unloading afford a series of multi-train, propane) public buses, these leav- However, I've been disturbed by rockfalls, earthquake-generated double-track systems? ing every 15 minutes or less for developments this year. rockfalls, and catastrophic floods. Rather, I would like to see a the valley. Those who wanted to What I mean to say is that I (The flood of 1937 helped to un- staging area much closer to the camp in the valley could do so, feel Yosemite Association should, dermine the original Yosemite park, one built on gentle slopes of bringing whatever camping gear above all, stand for strong advo- Valley Railroad .) One can almost Forest Service land between the they were willing to carry onto cacy of the best interests of the guarantee minor closures every Chowchilla Mountains ridge and the bus. park, and should be its democrat- year for a similar railroad route, the Wawona area . A resort town There is no such thing in the ically organized and vocal de- and major closures (a month or built here would be reached from universe as a free meal. Liberat- fender. Our voice should be heard, more) every decade. both Mariposa and Oakhurst ing Yosemite Valley has its price. not stifled, and it should not be Since the '60s I have felt, like by an upgraded Highway 459, Moving the crowds outside the evaluated equally with the casual Runte, that it is necessary to get which mid-way would give rise park would require the construc- replies to Yosemite Park and Cur- the cars out of the valley, both to to a short highway northeast to tion of a dam and reservoir on the ry questionnaires by visitors who protect the environment and to this site. Funds for road improve- South Fork of the Merced River to may be in the park for the one discourage rowdy visitors . But ments would not be from the provide water and electricity for time in their lives. Such an organi- one or more railroads leaving depleted coffers of Federal, state, the town. Hopefully such a proj- zation as I envision it can truly be from one or more Central Valley and local governments, but rather ect would be on a small scale, the park's best friend. cities would make weekend vis- from fees and taxes garnered at since the town could be a model I hope that in the coming year, its prohibitive. Today many visi- the resort town built just outside of environmental efficiency by the organization will grow in this tors drive up Friday afternoons or the park . Here, people could stay having virtually all its water recy- direction. evenings to arrive at the valley a in campgrounds, R .V. parks, or cled and by producing most of its Elizabeth Stone O 'Neill few hours later. Would one really motels, and take (electric or electricity from wind turbines and Groveland

:'OSEMITF . ASSOCIATION . WIN' FEN 1991 PAGE FIFTEEN Spring Forum Coming Up

Join us on Saturday, March 23 logic Survey, will do a program ing to use for reserving a room YA members are encouraged to for the YA Spring Forum! During interpreting Yosemite geology. with the Yosemite Park & Curry come to this year's meeting using this day long event (formerly Other programs will look at Co. Also included in that mailing whatever form of transportation is called the Spring Open House), the Park's resources . A series of was a card to return to us if you available to them. YA members have a chance to experts in each field will describe are planning on attending either be involved with the Park in a life in the backcountry and give the weekend or the day. It will describing the work of the Asso- unique way, listening to a variety updates on the bighorn sheep, help us with advance planning. ciation and answering visitor of knowledgeable speakers and bears, migratory birds, and other We hope to see you on March questions, and also staff the NPS slide programs not available to wildlife. Frank Dean, Assistant to 23! Call Gail or Holly, if you have Museum Gallery. Volunteers usu- the average visitor. the Superintendent, will address any questions (209-379-2317). ally spend about a month in the This year's line-up includes a Park management issues and Park, camping in Lower River wide assortment of lively topics. answer questions. campground, and working four Among the speakers will be two The day will begin with regis- days a week with a stipend of $6 Park Service fire specialists who tration and coffee from 9 :30 to Needed : Yosemite per day. will describe last August's dra- 10:30 a.m. in front of the East In June, July and August, Tuol- matic firestorm that swept Auditorium which is located just Volunteers umne Meadows is the site for through parts of Yosemite and behind the Visitors' Center. Have some extra time for Yo- several volunteer programs . One assess its long term impact. Chris There will be programs through- semite this summer YA sponsors group of volunteers staffs the Swan, of Suntrain Inc ., will talk on out the day, including walks in four different volunteer programs Tuolumne version of the mem- his futuristic vision of Yosemite, the Valley by NPS naturalists. At for members which vary in work bership booth just outside the reshaped by light rail and de- 5 :00 p.m., there will be a wine done, location, and time commit- NIPS Visitors ' Center, while creased development. Jay Johnson and cheese gathering. ment. All of these programs need another oversees YA's special use of the Mariposa Indian Council YA Members have recently sign ups for the coming season. campground for seminar partici- will speak on the Native Ameri- received details of the Spring In Yosemite Valley, from April pants. The campground volun- can perspective of preservation; Forum in a separate letter. Mate- through October, volunteers run teers act as hosts — checking and King Huber, of the US Geo- rials were included in that mail- an outdoor membership booth, seminar participants in and

PACE SIXTEEN YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION .WIN TER 1991

SPEAKERS INCLUDE FIRE SPECIALISTS FROM THE PARK SERVICE, CHRIS SWAN OF SUN 1 RAIN . INC. JAY JOHNSON OF THE MARIPOSA INDIAN COUNCIL AND KING HUBER OF THE US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

answering questions . They work Earning long-overdue recogni- with Park Service and Ticketron tion were the Yosemite Field personnel and the public . Both Seminar catalogs that are pro- sets of volunteers camp in the duced every year by Penny seminar campground in shared Otwell. Her Spring, 1990, catalog sites, receive the daily stipend, received first place in the "miscel- and stay a month or longer. laneous" category. The judges If you'd like to volunteer but acknowledged that the catalog don't have a large block of time, presentation "makes you want to then the Member Work Trips take the courses ." The winning may be for you . Each summer entry was designed by Carole several groups of amiable YA folk Thickstun of Cave Creek, Ari- camp in the special use camp- zona, illustrated by Andie ground in Tuolumne Meadows Thrams, and printed by Crown and work on projects where the Printing of Fresno using an un- NPS needs assistance. Last sum- usual split font technique. mer, groups of 15 volunteers The award-winners were worked primarily in the revege- selected from among nearly 200 tation project for the Tuolumne entries by a group of seven judges area. The work trips are a good which included Howard Paine, combination—YA provides mem- Art Director for National Geo- bers and food, Yosemite Institute graphic Magazine, Frances contributes cooks and guides, and Smyth, Editor-in-Chief of the the Yosemite Park & Curry Co. National Gallery of Art, and Sue gives the much appreciated un- Dodge, Editor and Director of derwriting which finances it all. Publications for the National Parks The dates for this summer's and Conservation Association. work trips are July 13–19, July 27–August 2, and August 17-23. If you're interested in any of the volunteer openings, please Association Dates call Holly or Gail for more infor- mation (209-379-2317) or write. March 23, 1991 : Spring Forum in Yosemite Valley July 13–19, 1991 : Member Work Trip, Tuolumne Meadows Awards for YA July 27–August 2, 1991 : Mem- ber Work Trip, Tuolumne Publications Meadows August 17-23, 1991 : Member The Yosemite Association Work Trip, Tuolumne Meadows walked away with three of the September 14, 1991 fifteen first place awards at the : Annual Members' Meeting in Tuolumne 1990 National Park Service Pub- Meadows lications Competition in October. The competition was established December 1, 1991 : Deadline for in 1972 to encourage the produc- 1991 Grant Applications tion of high-quality publications by cooperating associations. YA's centennial book, Yosemite Press of Lunenburg, Vermont. A stomach-churning view from 209-379-2317 As We Saw It, by David Robert- As expected, the Yosemite As- an overhang on Half Dome, from son, was named the best schol- sociation/Sundance Institute joint Yosemite, A Landscape of Life (see page 17). If you're planning a trip to Yo- arly book entered. One of the production of Yosemite: The Fate of semite and have questions, give judges commented that it was an Heaven received the award for best dler, The Fate of Heaven was char- our Members' phone line a call "impressive subject impressively video . The film has now received acterized as "a wonderful mix of between the hours of 9:00 am handled — jacket, case, artwork, several national prizes including scenery, history, narrative, per- and 4:30 pm Monday through typography, paper, printing." The an Earthwatch Award from the sonal reminiscences and wildlife." Friday. We don't make reser- volume was designed by Desne National Geographic Society. The video was duplicated and vations, but we can give the ap- Border of San Francisco and Written and photographed by Jon packaged by Diner+Allied Video propriate phone numbers and printed by Meriden-Stinehour Else and edited by Michael Chan- of San Francisco. usually lots of helpful advice. PAGE SEVENTEEN

YOSEMITE AS WE SAW

An Ascent of Half Dome in 1884

TION CL~IT ~N1SL COLLEC 01 EARLY 'WRITINGS & ART roisrieels 11 /X1 1"11r1 17 .K Pi tt 'list Ltc1>ort: tt,aiprvGX

An Ascent of Half Donne in E 1884 by Alexander Phimister Proctor. Here 's a handsomely designed and printed special- edition version of the account of Yosemite: The Pate of Heaven Excellence in Publications Award a classic Half Dome climb . After A narrated by Robert Redford. from the National Park Service. George Anderson made the ini- This is an award-winning video Representative excerpts from the tial ascent, an avalanche ripped cassette produced by the Yosem- early literature of Yosemite have out the pins and ropes he had ite Association and Sundance In- been paired with beautiful four- placed to accomplish his feat. stitute . The documentary takes color reproductions of art primar- This pamphlet details the unus- a look at the many forces at play ily from the Yosemite Museum. ual climbing techniques and har- _n Yosemite from the varied per- Gary Snyder called the book "a Photographer Mather and writer rowing experiences of the second spectives of rockclimbers, trail splendid compact gathering of pas- Maharidge are both Pulitzer Prize successful parry. Includes an in- builders, rangers, visitors, back- sionate views ." It elegantly cel- winners and have created a book troduction by Francis Farquhar. packers, visitors and residents. ebrates more than 130 years of that is unique in the literature of The 24 pages were printed with What emerges is a compelling American encounter with the Yo- the park. #02455 (paper) : $14 .95. hand-set Arrighi type on recycled and thought-provoking work with semite . 104 pages with 24 color paper. Hermes Publications . 1979. nigh entertainment value . The plates . Yosemite Association, 1990. Nature First — Keeping Our #06790 (paper): $2 .95. color photography is stunning #02435 (clothbound) : $34.95. D Wild Places and Wild Creatures and captures Yosemite's moods in Mid by Thomas McNamee. This The Practice of the Wild. Essays all four seasons . An original musi- Yosemite—A Landscape of is a short but compelling call for F by Gary Snyder. Gretel Ehr- cal score adds immeasurably to C Life by Jay Mather and Dale the development of a national lich called this book "an exqui- :he film, and all its elements com- Maharidge . This is the beautiful conservation policy. Using Yellow- site, far-sighted articulation of bine to produce a remarkable vi- new, full-color photographic stone and its grizzly bears as ex- what freedom, wildness, good- sion of Yosemite past, present and book about people in Yosemite amples, the author reviews the ness, and grace mean, using the future . Running time : 58 minutes. produced jointly by the Sacra- state of the environment and lessons of the planet to teach us 4'03250 (VHS), #03251 (VHS/PAL): mento Bee and the Yosemite As- makes a number of suggestions how to live ." Essays cover such $19.95. sociation . Published as a for how we, as a nation, can truly varying topics as ancient forests, handsome paperback that's 9" by protect it. His ideas include a sys- the etiquette of freedom, and Yosemite As We Saw It — A 12" and 120 pages long, the work tem of National Biosphere bioregional perspectives . Snyder's Centennial Collection of Early is filled with thought-provoking Reserves. A thought-provoking writings are characterized by hu- Writings and Art by David Robert- and revealing photographs giving work of 54 pages illustrated with mor, perception and love . 190 son . This is YA .'s new centennial insight into the life that humans line drawings. Roberts Rinehart, pages . North Point Press, 1990. book which has already won an bring to the Yosemite landscape . 1987 #18156 (paper): $5.95 . #19870 (paper) : $10.95.

PAGE EIGHTEEN YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION .WINTER 1991

belt — even between belt loops; Dates for 1991 no need to take your belt off first. The material is high quality Cor- Summer/Fall J dura pack cloth with a waterproof coating on one side. Seminars Beige with the dark brown and Yosemite white Yosemite Association Animal Ecology, Aug 2-4; patch, the Pelican Pouch measures Rock & Ice Backpack / Geol- 8 x 5 x 2 1/2 inches. #03370, $11 .95. ogy*, Aug 12-16; Streamside Association Ecology*, Aug 9-11 ; Life at the Top, July 22-26; Natural His- tory Introduction, July 28- Yosemite Association Mug Aug 2; Grasses & Sedges; July G This distinctive and func- 15-19; Sharsmith Walk, July 6 tional heavy ceramic mug feels & Aug 3; Forests of Yosem- good with your hand wrapped ite*, Aug 11-17; Subalpine Bot- around it. Available in two colors (green and maroon), it's im- any, July 15-19; Yosemite printed with our logo and name Meadows*, July 22-26; Botti in black and white . Holds 12 Plant Diversity, July 12-23; ounces of your favorite beverage. Stars*, Aug 4-8 ; Stars*, Aug #03310, $6.50. 11-15; Bird Banding* Aug 9- 11; Archeology Backpack, Yosemite Enamel Pin . De- H signed especially for the Sept 13-16; Teaching About Association, our enameled metal Calif. Indians, Aug 17-19; pin is a work of art. Each of the Pelican Pouch, Wilderness Belt Nature Study for Elementary 10 different glazes is hand placed I Bag. The Pelican Pouch is not Teachers*, July 29-Aug 2; Bur- and separately fired . The result, only perfect for carrying field Yosemite Association Decals and Patches. Our Association logo ley-Munson-Boyers Back- from William Spear Design, is an guides, but also offers instant ac- J pack, Aug 18-24; Vogelsang eye-catching and colorful piece. cess to all the small items that are depicting Half Dome is offered to The metal enamel pins are relief usually buried in your pack — our members in these two useful Beginning Backpack, July engraved in a 7/s" x 2" size. pocket camera, lenses, maps . or forms. Help announce your affili- 26-28; Yosemite Creek Begin- #03380, $11 .95. your favorite trail mix! The pouch ation with our organization to ning Backpack, July 26-28; is designed with front snap fas- others by purchasing and using Yosemite Association patches and Young Lakes Backpack, Sept teners on the straps . This allows 21-23 ; Glacier Pt.-Wawona comfortable positioning on your decals. Patch #03315, $1 .50; Decal #03317, $1 .00. Backpack, Oct 11-14 ; Buena Vista Backpack, July 17-21; North Dome Skywalk, Aug Order Form Credit orders call: 11-12 & Aug 12-13 ; Women's 209) 379-2648 Monday -Friday, 8:30am - 4 :lOpm Beginning Backpack, July 5-7 & July 19-21 ; Women's Inter- Price mediate Backpack, Aug 2-4 Item # Qty: Size Description Each Total & Sept 6-9; Eastside Day 1 Hikes, Oct 26-27; Black & White Photo Backpack, July 2 23-27; Secret Yosemite Pho- tography, Oct 18-20 ; Lundy 3 Lake Photo Backpack, July 19-21 ; Tuolumne Flowers, 4 July 27-28; Fall Photo-Yosem- ite Valley, Oct 25-27; Wildlife 5 Photography, Oct 19-21; 6 Neill/Nicholas Tuolumne Photo, July 8-11 ; Kudo Water- 7 color Workshop, Aug 22 (eve)-26; Stasek Colored Pen- 8 cil, July 18 (eve)-22; Eifert Acrylic Painting, July 18 9 Jon Else Wins (eve)-22; Literary Naturalists, Subtotal Aug 3 (eve)-6 ; Family Back- Less 15% Member's Discount: Emmy Award pack-DeWitts, Aug 16-18; Subtotal A: Jon Else, writer and photogra- Young Children Family Back- pack, Aug 9-11; Fishing With 6% Sales Tax (CA customers only) pher for the Yosemite Associa- Children, Aug 24-25. Shipping charge $3.00 tion produced Yosemite : The Fate of Heaven, was recognized Total enclosed for his work on that film when Ordered by: he was named Best Director of a Name: Documentary at the 1990 Emmy Address: Awards. Else, who is also a Mac- City : CA: Zip: Arthur Foundation fellowship Membership Number: winner, is known for his creative documentary style and thought- Yosemite Association, P .O. Box 230, El Portal, CA 95318 ful treatment of complex issues. 'Course offered for college credit

--SEMITE ASSOC1AI ION, WINTER 1991 PAGE NINETEEN

Craig Haverstick, Dr & Mrs Robt Louise Stone, Dale Swanberg, V Enoying the sun at Sunrise High New Members Hierholzer, Jonna G Hill, Joan A Cicerich & W Thomas, Audrey Sierra Camp, where annual use Hobbs, Judy M Horton, Chris & Thoreson, George & Marilyn Trabert, has remained consistent, or flat, '. e would like to welcome to the Diana Houser, Rick Jali, R Bernice William Turner, W Brew & J Volk- for a decade . From Yosemite, A 1:bsemite Association the following Johnson, Brother Timothy Jolley, Brew. Thomas P Walters, Joseph H Landscape of Life by Mather and .`:ne persons who became members Kathleen Jones, Mrs Nancy C Kelson, Wheelbarger, Connie White, William Maharidge. '.-Rhin the past three months . Your Frances & Donald Kendall, Carol P White, Mrs Doris M Williams, .:pport is greatly appreciated . Kinney. Peter Ko, Tedd & Kathy Karen Witter, David M Wyman, Kraft, Kathy Krum, Mr & Mrs H L A A Lail Centennial Members Regular Members Lackey. Steve & Lori Lama, Derrill '.nary Ann Amemiya & Don Vinson, Langer, Dean Larsen, J S & C I eon- Supporting Members Linda L Avakian, M II Davis, M David R Anderson, Kimberly Barrett, ard, Bill Lester, John Lewis, Harley & Douglas & Nancy Arno, Mary Bel- Bianchi-Gray & R Gray, Tanya Hilde- Cremer & A Batmale, Jim & Anna Hildy Licht, John L Lundblad, Vir- ton, Donald R Clem, Jim CouEos, brand, Nan S Hutain, Roxie Jarrett, Berghauser, Bob Berka, Bruce Boaz, ginia A Lyon, Mr & Mrs V H Lytton . Roberta L Firpo, Thomas E Fogarty, Sally & Louis Lewis, Robt & Nancy Beverly Brockway, Georgette Bry- P & J Magnusson, Bill & Kathleen John Gaskins . Brian Grogan, Jennifer Maynard, Reed E Miller, MD, Car- don . Patricia Cage, T & A Chris- Mancini, J N McKenna, Joseph R Hade, J Hirschboeck . Stephen F olyn M Owen, James D Pardee, Bob ^anson, Andy Cohen, Kip & Lynn Mixer, Harry W Moak., Michele Hurst, Ann Johnson, Rob Kellett, Mr & Dorothee Paterson, Ray & Sally Dohen, Gail Cooper, Lucy & Bill Myers, Raymond R Neevel, Susan & Mrs S Lamont, Kimberly Mac- Purinton, Heike Reece, Mr & Mrs Grain, V Kehoe & L Dapprich, Burt Nelson, Aurora Nordhausen. Jean Loud, Jerlyn Mardis . Pat & Rhodes Chas Reynolds, Alan L Rossi, T Davis, Tony DeMaio, Thayer Dennis, Novicki, Kathleen O'Connell, Steve J Martin, Neil R L McDonald, John & Largi/Ticketron, Clyde Wahrhaftig, Clyde T Doheney, Linda Dolman, Ondercin, Frank Papierniak, Dick & Jane Olds, Charlotte A Pavelko, Vicki Warner-Huggins Fritzi L Dorroh, Kim Dunkley, Kent Carol Paulsen, Mike & Lorri Paulsen, Daniel & Marjorie Smith, Dr James Edwards, Judith Ehret . Marilyn Tim & Donna Paulsen, Mr & Mrs A A Soderberg, William Sonnefield, Life Members Eichelberger Katy Emde, John & Paulsen, Jr, L & P Pecchenino, Cyn- Robert Weiland Kevin & Rita Cronin, J Johnson & Nancy Everett, Virla & Herbert Fer- thia Peterson, Ellyn Peterson, Chris Contributing Members Wm Ostrander, Fred & Helen Unter- guson, Ruth Fischbacher, Susan & Pierucki, M D, Felipe & Charlene leitner rim Fousekis, Harold J Fraulob, L Postigo, Lucy Rector, Paul R Reed, Mr & Mrs R P Allen, Dr & Mrs R Bright & J Fredericks, Donald Fuhrer, Carol Reynolds, Michelle L Roback, Andersen, Barbara Bean, B Dolan & B Participating Life Members Katherine A Giocondi, Barbara Eric Robinson, John & Susan Russel, Degrasse, Joan Dox, Barb Eytinge, Grosz, Amy Crush, Thomas I Gunn . Thomas J Sammis, Eric Schaal, J Bell David B Fowler, John Gorman, D Thomas J Alexander, Mr & Mrs Bill Howard Gurevitz, Charles & Ginger & T Schaffner, Emily Schwab, & C Hartesveldt, Paul & Martha Koenig, Merwin Mace Guthrie, Mr & Mrs Richard Haber, Bernadette Schwanemann, Mr Hertelendy, Dennis & Suzi King, Daniel S Haines, Diana Hall, Diane E Mrs R Seligman, Marie Skorupa, Jeffrey McConnell, Amy Meyer, International Members Hall, Ian Paul Halliwell, Shawn Cur- Ronnie Smith, Anne C Spencer, Larry Robert B Schott, Lillian Y Stuman, Mr & Mrs Rex Drew. Peter G Colley, :is)-Iarris, Mike Hartfield, Arthur W A Stearns, Carolyn Steinmetz, Joyce George T Thompson, Dr & Mrs R Alain Grumbach, Cliff Hodgkins, Haseltine, Hugh & Terry Haven, Stevens, Dan Stewart, Rob Stokes, Worthington Christof Pogatzki, Firat Sezer

Serials Dept .- U0-Berkeley Non-profit Organization Yosemite Association Main Library U.S. POSTAGE Post Office Box 230 Berkeley, CA 94720 PAID El Portal, CA 95318 . Yosemite Association

Address correction requested YOSEMITE Forwarding and return postage guaranteed ASSOCIATION

effort to make Yosemite an even A Yosemite Association decal; Join the Yosemite better place• and Yosemite Association Member Benefits 'r Special membership gifts as Association follows: Board of Trustees President As a member of the Yosemite You can help support the work Supporting Member: A selection of Lennie Roberts, Steven P Medley Association, you will enjoy the Chairman Sales of the Yosemite Association by 8 handsome notecards (with envel- William Alsup following benefits: becoming a member. Revenues opes) featuring beautiful photo- Beverly Barrick Patricia Wight. A- Yosemite, the Association bul- Barbara DeWitt 1 ianayer generated by the Association's graphs of Yosemite; Carlo S Fowler Mary Vocelka, activities are used to fund a variety letin, published on a quarterly Edward C Hardy ;l sisiant Contributing Member: A Yosemite of National Park Service programs basis; Richard Reitnauer Seminar Association mug — new design; David Robertson Coordinator in Yosemite. Not only does the A A 15% discount on all books, Anne Schneider Yosemite Association publish and Sustaining Member: A copy of the Thomas J Shepard Penny Orwell maps, posters, calendars and publi- Jean Watt Bookkeeper/ sell literature and maps, it sponsors cations stocked for sale by award-winning video, Yosemite: The Phyllis Weber Office Manager field seminars, the park's Art the Association; Fate of Heaven; Daniel WolEus Leonard W McKenzie, Claire Haley Activity Center, and the Ostrander . A A 10% discount on most of the Life Alember Matted color photo- NPS RepreseoIDira Membership Lake Ski Hut. graph by Howard Weamer of a Michael V Finley, Coordinators field seminars conducted by the NPS Represe,w,tiee A critical element in the success Yosemite scene ; and Call Pyle Association in Yosemite National Jeffery C Lapham, Holy Warner of the Association is its mem- Ex officie bership. Individuals and families Park; Participating Life Member: Ansel F,Ivira Nishkian, Secretary/Cashier Adams Special Edition print, archi- Es officio Anne Steed throughout the country have long 'r The opportunity to participate Richard C Otter, supported the Yosemite Associa- in the annual Members' Meeting vally mounted. Es' o`cio Consultant tion through their personal com- held in the park each fall, along Membership dues are tax- Henry Berrey mitments. Won't you join us in our with other Association activities; deductible as provided by law. ------Please enroll me in the Yosemite Association as a . . . Moving? q Regular Member q Contributing Member q Life Member $20.00 $50.00 $500.00 q Supporting Member q Sustaining Member q Participating Life Member If you are moving, or have $35.00 $100.00 $1,000 .00 recently moved, don't forget q Spouse q International Member to notify us. You are a valued add $5.00 $35.00 member of the Association, Name (please print): Phone Number : and we'd like to keep in touch with you. Address: City: state/Zip: Enclosed is my check or money order For $ or charge to my credit card Bankamericard/Visa Number: Expiration Date : Yose/Wte : Expiration Date: is published quarterly for members of MasterCard Number the Yosemite Association, edited by Mail to: Steven P. Aledlep and designed by Jon Goodchild/Triad. Copyright ©1991 Yosemite Association, Post Office Box 230, El Portal, CA 95318 . 209/379-2646 Yosemite Association. Submission of For Office Use manuscripts, photographs, and other materials is welcomed. Paid: Card # Exp. Date: Gift: File: Comp: Printed on recycled paper Digitized by Yosemite Online Library

http ://www .yosemite .ca .us/library

Dan Anderson