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Taphonomy of a Panopea Ménard De La Groye, 1807 Shell Bed from the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru)

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Taphonomy of a Panopea Ménard De La Groye, 1807 Shell Bed from the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru) comptes rendus palevol 2021 20 8 DIRECTEURS DE LA PUBLICATION / PUBLICATION DIRECTORS : Bruno David, Président du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Étienne Ghys, Secrétaire perpétuel de l’Académie des sciences RÉDACTEURS EN CHEF / EDITORS-IN-CHIEF : Michel Laurin (CNRS), Philippe Taquet (Académie des sciences) ASSISTANTE DE RÉDACTION / ASSISTANT EDITOR : Adeline Lopes (Académie des sciences ; [email protected]) MISE EN PAGE / PAGE LAYOUT : Audrina Neveu (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle ; [email protected]) RÉDACTEURS ASSOCIÉS / ASSOCIATE EDITORS (*, took charge of the editorial process of the article/a pris en charge le suivi éditorial de l’article) : Micropaléontologie/Micropalaeontology Maria Rose Petrizzo (Università di Milano, Milano) Paléobotanique/Palaeobotany Cyrille Prestianni (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels) Métazoaires/Metazoa Annalisa Ferretti* (Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena) Paléoichthyologie/Palaeoichthyology Philippe Janvier (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Académie des sciences, Paris) Amniotes du Mésozoïque/Mesozoic amniotes Hans-Dieter Sues (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington) Tortues/Turtles Juliana Sterli (CONICET, Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Trelew) Lépidosauromorphes/Lepidosauromorphs Hussam Zaher (Universidade de São Paulo) Oiseaux/Birds Éric Buffetaut (CNRS, École Normale Supérieure, Paris) Paléomammalogie (mammifères de moyenne et grande taille)/Palaeomammalogy (large and mid-sized mammals) Lorenzo Rook (Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze) Paléomammalogie (petits mammifères sauf Euarchontoglires)/Palaeomammalogy (small mammals except for Euarchontoglires) Robert Asher (Cambridge University, Cambridge) Paléomammalogie (Euarchontoglires)/Palaeomammalogy (Euarchontoglires) K. Christopher Beard (University of Kansas, Lawrence) Paléoanthropologie/Palaeoanthropology Roberto Macchiarelli (Université de Poitiers, Poitiers) Archéologie préhistorique/Prehistoric archaeology Marcel Otte (Université de Liège, Liège) COUVERTURE / COVER : Made from the Figures of the article. Comptes Rendus Palevol est indexé dans / Comptes Rendus Palevol is indexed by: – Cambridge Scientific Abstracts – Current Contents® Physical – Chemical, and Earth Sciences® – ISI Alerting Services® – Geoabstracts, Geobase, Georef, Inspec, Pascal – Science Citation Index®, Science Citation Index Expanded® – Scopus®. Les articles ainsi que les nouveautés nomenclaturales publiés dans Comptes Rendus Palevol sont référencés par / Articles and nomenclatural novelties published in Comptes Rendus Palevol are registered on: – ZooBank® (http://zoobank.org) Comptes Rendus Palevol est une revue en flux continu publiée par les Publications scientifiques du Muséum, Paris et l’Académie des sciences, Paris Comptes Rendus Palevol is a fast track journal published by the Museum Science Press, Paris and the Académie des sciences, Paris Les Publications scientifiques du Muséum publient aussi / The Museum Science Press also publish: Adansonia, Geodiversitas, Zoosystema, Anthropozoologica, European Journal of Taxonomy, Naturae, Cryptogamie sous-sections Algologie, Bryologie, Mycologie. L’Académie des sciences publie aussi / The Académie des sciences also publishes: Comptes Rendus Mathématique, Comptes Rendus Physique, Comptes Rendus Mécanique, Comptes Rendus Chimie, Comptes Rendus Géoscience, Comptes Rendus Biologies. Diffusion – Publications scientifiques Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle CP 41 – 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) Tél. : 33 (0)1 40 79 48 05 / Fax : 33 (0)1 40 79 38 40 [email protected] / https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr Académie des sciences, Institut de France, 23 quai de Conti, 75006 Paris. © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle / © Académiedes sciences, Paris, 2021 ISSN (imprimé / print) : 1631-0683/ ISSN (électronique / electronic) : 1777-571X Taphonomy of a Panopea Ménard de la Groye, 1807 shell bed from the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru) Giulia BOSIO Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa (Italy) and Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano (Italy) [email protected] (corresponding author) Valentina A. BRACCHI Elisa MALINVERNO Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano (Italy) [email protected] [email protected] Alberto COLLARETA Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa (Italy) [email protected] Giovanni COLETTI Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano (Italy) [email protected] Anna GIONCADA Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa (Italy) [email protected] Tomáš KOČÍ Ivančická 581, Praha 9 – Letňany, 19900, Czech Republic and Palaeontological Department, Natural History Museum, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, Praha 9 – Horní Počernice (Czech Republic) [email protected] Claudio DI CELMA Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino (Italy) [email protected] Giovanni BIANUCCI Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa (Italy) [email protected] Daniela BASSO Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano (Italy) [email protected] Submitted on 31 December 2019 | Accepted on 16 March 2020 | Published on 2 March 2021 COMPTES RENDUS PALEVOL • 2021 • 20 (8) © Publications scientifiques du Muséum et/and Académie des sciences, Paris. www.cr-palevol.fr 119 Bosio G. et al. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4949CCE1-D83F-4CFA-AAE1-70955DA1BBFA Bosio G., Bracchi V. A., Malinverno E., Collareta A., Coletti G., Gioncada A., Kočí T., Di Celma C., Bianucci G. & Basso D. 2021. — Taphonomy of a Panopea Ménard de la Groye, 1807 shell bed from the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru). Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (8): 119-140. https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a8 ABSTRACT Invertebrate taphonomy can provide significant information about the post-mortem processes that affected the fossil record. In the East Pisco Basin of southern Peru, a Panopea Ménard de la Groye, 1807 shell bed was found in the upper Miocene strata of the Pisco Formation, hinting at a peculiar biostratinomic and diagenetic history. This bed contains abundant invertebrate fossil molds cemented by dolomite. The specimens of the deep infaunal bivalve,Panopea sp., occur together with bivalves representative of shallow infaunal species (Trachycardium sp. and Dosinia ponderosa [Gray, 1838]) and balanid barnacles, which are sessile encrusters. The Panopea specimens host compound molds evidencing an abundant encrusting fauna, including serpulids, ?foraminifera, bryozoans, and bar- nacles that colonized the inner surfaces of the valves before their final burial. We hypothesize that short-term, storm-related processes exhumed the living bivalves, resulting in a sedimentological concentration of relatively well-preserved shells. After the death of the exhumed bivalves, the inner KEY WORDS Biostratinomy, surfaces of the articulated Panopea shells, representing hard-substratal, sheltered environments on diagenesis, an otherwise unstable sandy seafloor (i.e., “benthic islands”), were colonized by different encrust- East Pisco Basin, ing organisms. Following the final burial, dolomite precipitated, cementing the sediment infill of encrusters, fossil geoduck, the valves. Lastly, a decrease of pH occurred at the sulfate reduction-methanogenesis boundary, dolomite. inducing the dissolution of the shell carbonate. RÉSUMÉ Taphonomie d’une couche de coquilles de Panopea Ménard de la Groye, 1807 de la Formation Pisco (Miocène, Pérou). La taphonomie des invertébrés peut fournir des informations importantes sur les processus post mortem qui ont affecté les registres fossiles. Dans la partie orientale du Bassin Pisco, dans le sud du Pérou, une couche riche en Panopea Ménard de la Groye, 1807 qui témoigne d’une histoire taphonomique et dia- génétique particulière a été trouvée dans les strates du Miocène supérieur de la Formation de Pisco. Cette couche est riche en moules d’invertébrés cimentés par la dolomite. Les spécimens de Panopea sp., un bivalve endofaunique, se trouvent en plus des représentants d’espèces de bivalves endofauniques (Trachy- cardium sp. et Dosinia ponderosa [Gray, 1838]) et des bernacles balanidés, qui sont des organismes sessiles encroûtants. Les spécimens de Panopea hébergent des moules composites, témoins d’une abondante faune encroûtante, comprenant des serpulidés, des ?foraminifères, des bryozoaires et des bernacles qui avaient colonisé les surfaces internes des valves avant l’enfouissement final. Nous supposons que des processus rapides de tempête ont exhumé les bivalves vivants et ont résulté en une concentration sédimentologique MOTS CLÉS de coquilles relativement bien conservées. Après la mort des bivalves exhumés, les surfaces internes des Biostratinomie, diagenèse, coquilles articulées de Panopea, représentant des substrats durs et des environnements abrités sur un partie orientale fond sableux autrement instable (c’est-à-dire, des « îles benthiques »), ont été colonisées par différents du Bassin Pisco, organismes encroûtants. Après l’enterrement final, la dolomite a précipité, cimentant le remplissage sédi- organismes encroûtants, panope fossile, mentaire des valves. Enfin, une
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