Adrian Curaj · Liviu Matei Remus Pricopie · Jamil Salmi Peter Scott Editors The European Higher Education Area Between Critical Reflections and Future Policies The European Higher Education Area Adrian Curaj • Liviu Matei Remus Pricopie • Jamil Salmi Peter Scott Editors The European Higher Education Area Between Critical Reflections and Future Policies Editors Adrian Curaj Jamil Salmi UEFISCDI & SNSPA Global Tertiary Education Expert Bucharest Rockville, MD Romania USA Liviu Matei Peter Scott Central European University of Budapest Institute of Education Budapest London Hungary UK Remus Pricopie National University of Political Studies and Public Administration (SNSPA) Bucharest Romania ISBN 978-3-319-18767-9 ISBN 978-3-319-20877-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-20877-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015943792 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2015. The book is published with open access at SpringerLink.com. Open Access This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License, which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. All commercial rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Contents Contents of Part 1 Part I Internationalization of Higher Education Internationalization of Higher Education—What Can Research Add to the Policy Debate? [Overview Paper] ................... 3 Hans de Wit, Ligia Deca and Fiona Hunter Internationalization of Higher Education: Navigating Between Contrasting Trends ...................................... 13 Sarah Guri-Rosenblit Balanced Mobility Across the Board—A Sensible Objective?........ 27 Irina Ferencz Challenges of Student Mobility in a Cosmopolitan Europe ......... 43 Janine Wulz and Florian Rainer Redefining Internationalization at Home....................... 59 Jos Beelen and Elspeth Jones The Impact of Exposure to Diversity in the International University Environment and the Development of Intercultural Competence in Students................................... 73 Jeanine Gregersen-Hermans Internationalisation as a Lever for Change: The Case of Italy ....... 93 Fiona Hunter v vi Contents Becoming Bologna Capable: Strategic Cooperation and Capacity Building in International Offices in Kazakhstani HEIs ............ 109 Jason Sparks, Adil Ashirbekov, Aisi Li, Lynne Parmenter, Zakir Jumakulov and Aida Sagintayeva Internationalization Strategies and Policies in Second-Tier Higher Education Institutions .................................... 127 Hans de Wit, Miri Yemini and Randall Martin Part II Higher Education Financing and Governance Background Note for the Section on Financing and Governance [Overview Paper] ....................................... 147 Liviu Matei Strategies for Efficient Funding of Universities in Europe .......... 153 Enora Bennetot Pruvot, Anna-Lena Claeys-Kulik and Thomas Estermann Financing Research Universities in Post-communist EHEA Countries ............................................. 169 Ernő Keszei, Frigyes Hausz, Attila Fonyó and Béla Kardon Policy Incentives and Research Productivity in the Romanian Higher Education. An Institutional Approach ................... 185 LazărVlăsceanu and Marian-Gabriel Hâncean Patterns of Funding Internationalisation of Higher Education. A Conceptual Framework for the Study of Internationalisation ...... 205 Liviu Matei, Julia Iwinska and Daniela Crăciun The Evolving Landscape of South-East Asian Higher Education and the Challenges of Governance ........................... 221 Sauwakon Ratanawijitrasin Part III Excellence and Diversification of Higher Education Institutions’ Missions Seeking Excellence, Practicing Rankings, and Aiming at Diversification of Higher Education Institutions’ Mission in the European Higher Education Area [Overview Paper] ......... 241 Jan Sadlak Contents vii Excellence-Driven Policies and Initiatives in the Context of Bologna Process: Rationale, Design, Implementation and Outcomes ......... 249 Isak Froumin and Mikhail Lisyutkin The Knowledge Society and Diversification of Higher Education: From the Social Contract to the Mission of Universities ........... 267 Attila Pausits Excellence and Diversification of Higher Education Institutions’ Missions .............................................. 285 Marco Porzionato and Federica De Marco “New” Rankings on the Scene: The U21 Ranking of National Higher Education Systems and U-Multirank.................... 293 Gergely Kováts Part IV Teaching, Learning and Student Engagement Teaching and Learning: An Overview of the Thematic Section [Overview Paper].................................. 315 Manja Klemenčič and Paul Ashwin Teaching and Learning: A Journey from the Margins to the Core in European Higher Education Policy......................... 325 Cristina Sin The Meanings of Student Engagement: Implications for Policies and Practices........................................... 343 Paul Ashwin and Debbie McVitty How Do We Know How Students Experience Higher Education? On the Use of Student Surveys.............................. 361 Manja Klemenčič and Igor Chirikov Understanding Quality of Learning in Digital Learning Environments: State of the Art and Research Needed ............. 381 Bernadette Charlier, Laurent Cosnefroy, Annie Jézégou and Geneviève Lameul Assessment of Learning Outcomes ........................... 399 Hamish Coates Giving Voice to Non-traditional Students “Walking” the Narative Mediation Path. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis....... 415 Dan Florin Stănescu, Elena-Mădălina Iorga, José González Monteagudo and Maria Francesca Freda viii Contents Part V Social Dimension and Equity of Higher Education Equity and the Social Dimension: An Overview [Overview Paper] .... 433 Alex Usher No Future for the Social Dimension? ......................... 449 Florian Kaiser, Aengus Ó. Maoláin and Līva Vikmane A Comprehensive Approach to Investigating the Social Dimension in European Higher Education Systems— EUROSTUDENT and the PL4SD Country Reviews .............. 467 Dominic Orr and Shweta Mishra How Did the Latest Increase in Fees in England Affect Student Enrolment and Inequality? ................................ 479 Koen Geven Struggling with Social Polarization. Student Financial Support in Romania in the Framework of the Bologna Process ............ 501 Daniela Alexe, Cezar Mihai Hâj and Bogdan Murgescu Premises of Inclusive Access and Success of Roma People in the Romanian Higher Education .......................... 521 Diana-Maria Cismaru, Cristina Fiţ and Delia Gologan Contents of Part 2 Part VI Education, Research and Innovation Bridging Education, Research and Innovation: The Pivotal Role of Doctoral Training [Overview Paper]........................ 541 Marzia Foroni European Doctoral Programs in Light of EHEA and ERA ......... 545 Nicola Vittorio Tuning Tools and Insights for Modern Competence-Based Third-Cycle Programs .................................... 561 Ann Katherine Isaacs Enhancing the Quality of Research in Europe: Theoretical Perspectives on and Guiding Principles for Researcher Development ........................................... 573 Linda Evans Contents ix The Quality of Doctoral Training and Employability of Doctorate Holders: The Views of Doctoral Candidates and Junior Researchers ................................... 593 Filomena Parada and John Peacock The Romanian PhD Students at CERN: The Bologna Process and Beyond............................................ 613 Alexandru Nicolin and Florin Buzatu Part VII Quality Assurance European Quality Assurance—A European Higher Education Area Success Story [Overview Paper] ......................... 625 Hanne Smidt International Quality Reviews with an EQAR-Registered Agency .... 639 Melinda Szabo A Merry-Go-Round of Evaluations Moving from Administrative Burden to Reflection on Education and Research in Romania ....... 665 Koen Geven and Adina Maricuţ Students as Stakeholders in the Policy Context of the European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Higher Education Institutions .................................... 685 Frauke Logermann and Liudvika Leišytė Negotiating Liminality in Higher Education: Formal and Informal Dimensions of the Student Experience as Facilitators of Quality ..... 703 Vanessa Rutherford and Ian