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God's Word, the Bible, As the Church's Sole Source of Authority

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God's Word, the Bible, As the Church's Sole Source of Authority God’s Word, the Bible, as the Church’s Sole Source of Authority Session 1 I. Revelation and Inspiration A. 2 Timothy 3:16 B. 2 Peter 1:21 C. John 14 & 16; Acts 2:42 – the Apostles Doctrine D. 1 Thessalonians 2:13 E. 2 Peter 3:15-16 II. Canon: Which books are in or out? A. Jesus’ and the Apostles’ witness to the OT B. Apostlicity C. Consistency with the whole counsel of God (internal consistency) III. How do we know the books weren’t tampered with? A. Classical manuscripts vs. Bible manuscripts Famous Classical Texts 543 Homer’s Iliad 12 Caesar’s Gaelic Wars, 900 after the fact 6 Plutarch’s Lives 1. DSS & MT 1. LXX & Targums 2. Number of NT manuscripts – over 5700 3. Age of NT manuscripts – some fragments to within one generation of the original events; many copies from the first 3 centuries 4. Ancient translations of the NT 5. Patristic citations B. A word on textual criticism – is any doctrine in jeopardy? 1. No doctrine is affected by manuscript differences because no doctrine rests on 1 verse 2. The disputed passages have been well known for a long time – in most cases, centuries a. The long ending vs short ending of Mark b. John 8:1-12 c. 1 John 5:8 IV. Did the Church give us the Bible or did the Bible give us the Church? God’s Word, the Bible, as the Church’s Sole Source of Authority Session 2 I. Revelation and Inspiration A. 2 Timothy 3:16 B. 2 Peter 1:21 C. John 14 & 16; Acts 2:42 – the Apostles Doctrine D. 1 Thessalonians 2:13 E. 2 Peter 3:15-16 II. Canon: Which books are in or out? A. Jesus’ and the Apostles’ witness to the OT B. Apostlicity C. Consistency with the whole counsel of God (internal consistency) III. How do we know the books weren’t tampered with? A. Classical manuscripts vs. Bible manuscripts Famous Classical Texts 543 Homer’s Iliad 12 Caesar’s Gaelic Wars, 900 after the fact 6 Plutarch’s Lives 1. DSS & MT 1. LXX & Targums 2. Number of NT manuscripts – over 5700 3. Age of NT manuscripts – some fragments to within one generation of the original events; many copies from the first 3 centuries 4. Ancient translations of the NT 5. Patristic citations B. A word on textual criticism – is any doctrine in jeopardy? 1. No doctrine is affected by manuscript differences because no doctrine rests on 1 verse 2. The disputed passages have been well known for a long time – in most cases, centuries a. The long ending vs short ending of Mark b. John 8:1-12 c. 1 John 5:8 IV. Did the Church give us the Bible or did the Bible give us the Church? V. Attacks on the Bible from within the Church The Triune Godhead & The Nature of Salvation Session 3 I. The OT & NT commitment to monotheism A. Deuteronomy 6:4; Isaiah 44:8; 45:5-6, 21 B. 1 Timothy 2:5; 1 Corinthians 8:6; Galatians 3:20 II. The deity of the Persons of the Godhead A. The Father is God – Jn. 6:27 B. The Son is God – Jn. 1:1-3 C. The Spirit is God – Gen. 1:2; Matt. 3:16; Acts 5:3-4 D. They share the attributes of deity, e.g. Deut. 32:4; Is. 65:16; Jn. 14:6, 17 III. The joint working of the members of the Trinity A. Creation (Gen. 1:1-2, 26-27; Jn. 1:4; Col. 1:16-17) B. The earthy ministry of the Lord 1. His incarnation – Lk. 1:31-35, 2:26 2. His baptism – Mt. 3:13-17 3. His miracles – Jn. 5:17, 19-37; Mt. 12:27-28 4. His words/teaching – Jn. 7:16 C. Redemption & Resurrection (1 Jn. 4:14; Jn. 5:24; Heb. 9:14) D. The gifts to the Church – 1 Cor. 12:1-11; Rom. 12:3-6; 1 Pet. 4:10-11; Eph. 4:7-16 E. Judgment – Gen. 18:25; Acts 17:30-31; Jn. 16:8-11 F. Heaven – Jn. 14:1-3; Rev. 4:5, 21:22, 22:17 IV. Historically bringing this together A. Attacks on the Father - Marcion B. Attacks on the Son - Arius C. Attacks on the Spirit D. Attacks against the Trinity as a whole: Sabellius, Socinians, Unitarians, Watch Tower, Mormons, New Age, Islam, Hinduism/Buddhism E. Defenders of the Trinity: Irenaeus, Tertullian, Athanasius, Augustine, Nicea, Chalcedon The Gospel I. Attacks on the gospel began as soon as it was preached A. Contra the bodily resurrection B. Deity and humanity of Christ (Gnosticism) C. Galatianism D. Mystery religions (Colossians) E. Epistle of Jude – earnestly contend for the faith II. Early in the second century, people tried to weld ritual to the gospel as a meritorious act. A. Circumcision and the Mosaic law B. Baptism III. Eventually other spiritual things were ritualized A. The Lord’s Supper = the mass B. The Church as the dispenser of sacraments and grace C. Fasting, extreme monasticism, observance of holy days and Christian food laws (e.g. no meat on Fridays) IV. Debates about divine sovereignty & human responsibility A. Pelagians vs. Augustine B. Luther vs. Erasmus C. Calvin vs. Arminians V. Purgatory, Annihilationism, Universalism The Nature & Function of the Church Session 4 I. Heavenly people purchased by the blood of Christ (in the world but not of it) A. A spiritual body whose Head is in heaven B. A spiritual temple as a dwelling place of God in the Spirit C. A heavenly bride awaiting her heavenly bridegroom II. The activities of the local church: centered around Christ and not around man A. Apostles’ Doctrine B. Fellowship C. Breaking of Bread D. Prayers III. NT Church government A. Multiple elders in each local church who are led by the Spirit and accountable to the Head in heaven B. The simplicity of this pattern began to be corrupted as early as the second century 1. The introduction of clergy/laity distinctions 2. The distinction introduced between elders & bishops 3. Eventually the incorporation of OT Levitical concepts and Roman religious concepts. E.g. the Pope = Pontifex Maximus 4. The union of church & state under Constantine (AD 313) IV. The ongoing remnant and ongoing recovery of truth A. Montanists B. Waldensians “Thereafter, the Waldenses departed from the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church by rejecting some of the seven sacraments. The confession of sins was guided by their leaders but did not require a priest; they rejected the use of indulgences. Baptism was to be by full immersion in water and was not administered to infants. Eventually, the elements of the Eucharist (bread and wine) were understood as symbols only, and the Waldenses denied the doctrine of transubstantiation. They also rejected the notion of purgatory and of prayers offered for the dead. Their views were based on a simplified biblicism, moral rigour, and criticism of abuses in the contemporary church. They accepted the Bible as the sole, total authority of all doctrine. Additionally, a formal church building was not viewed as necessary to worship God, and thus many Waldenses held services in their homes, stables, or other locations.” C. Lollards D. Jan Hus E. Luther and the magisterial reformers F. The Anabaptists Anabaptist beliefs (Schleitheim confession 1527) The articles which we discussed and on which we were of one mind are these: 1. Baptism 2. The Ban [Excommunication] 3. Breaking of Bread 4. Separation from the Abomination 5. Pastors in the Church 6. The Sword 7. The Oath. Seek earnestly to preach only God’s word unflinchingly, to establish and defend only divine practices, to esteem as good and right only what can be found in definite clear Scripture, and to reject, hate, and curse all the schemes, words, practices, and opinions of all men, even your own. Conrad Grebel— Almighty, eternal God, Thou art the way and the truth; because I have not been shown to be in error, I will with Thy help on this day testify to the truth and seal it with my blood.” With a sack of powder tied around his neck to hasten the death, Sattler was thrown into the fire. When the ropes on his hands burned through, the dying man raised his hands in a sign of triumph and prayed, “Father, I commend my spirit into Thy hands.” Then three more men were burned. Michael Sattler-- Stabler (pilgrims) Schwarmer (fanatics who upset social convention) Winkelprediger (“corner-preachers” who conducted illegal religious enterprises in secret hideaways) Rottengeister (factionalists playing upon the grievances of the lower classes) Donatists (a heavenly people) Aufrüherer (revolutionaries promoting civil disobedience and revolt under the guise of preaching and practicing religious piety) Kommunisten (sharing their goods) G. The 17th Century Baptists H. 19th century recover of NT church truth: Darby, Groves, Mackintosh, Donald Ross, Donald Munro, Leonard Strong, etc. I. 20th century indigenous movements Watchman Nee, Bakht Singh The Church’s Mission Session 5 I. The gospel and the church have never been irradicated. Against internal and external opposition, they remain. (Acts 20) II. The church has been missionary-minded from the beginning (Matt. 28) A. Early missionaries & Bible translations B. The early monastic movement C. Establishment of hospitals, lepersariums, universities, etc. III. Missionaries of the Middle Ages IV. The Reformation – they evangelized Europe first and then eventually reached out to other lands. V. 18th century Great Awakening Moravians, Methodists, William Carey and the modern missionary movement VI. 19th and early 20th centuries A.
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