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The Proceedings of the South Place Ethical Society OPENING OF Lia 0 TGE The Proceedings of the South Place Ethical Society Vol. 114 No. 8 £1.50 August/September 2009 CONWAY HALL'S 80-ni BIRTHDAY SOUTH PLACE ETHICAL SOCIETY CONWAY HALL, RED LION SQUARE, HOLBORN, W.C,1 THE COMMITTEE HAVE MUCH PLEASURE' IN INVITING YOU TO, THE . OPENING OF CONWAY HALL On MONDAY, 23rd SEPTEMBER,'1929, at 7 p.m. C OELISLE BURNS, M.A, D.Lit. • - - IN THE CHAIR SPEAKERS: Prof. GILBERT MURRAY Prof. GRAHAM WALLAS JOHN A. HOBSON, M.A. RICHARD H. WALTHEW ATHENE SEYLER MUSIC Pianoforfor M AURICE COLE Violin INIFRED SMALL LIGHT REIRESHMENTS R S.V.P. lu Mat RICHARDS CONWAY HALL. RED LION SO- W.C.I DOORS OPEN SOO I PLEASE SPINS THIS CARD WITH YOU . 80 years ago, the speakers at the opening of Conway Hall on 23 September 1929 (see invitation card above) enthused at the opportunities for promoting humanist ideas they believed it would offer. It was to be a centre where all the various allied organisations could meet, study, develop and expound their philosophy in a congenial atmosphere. The Ethical Society, which built, owns and manages Conway Hall has a democratic constitution. Members of SPES who wish to take a more active part in this important work are urged to put themselves forward for election to the General Committee this year. INTELLECTUALLY RESPECTABLE CREATIONISM Donald Rooum 3 ALTERNATIVE 'THOUGHT FOR TIIE DAY' — Book Review Barbara Smoker 6 VIEWPOINTS: H. Frankel, Suzette Henke, Brian Blangford, Ian Buxton 7 HOW HUMANS CAME TO INVENT RELIGION Norman Bacrac 9 WILLIAM McGONAGALL (1825-1902): THE WORLD'S GREATEST BAD POET? Iain King 10 ETHICAL SOCIETY EVENTS 16 SOUTH PLACE ETHICAL SOCIETY Conway Hall Humanist Centre 25 Red Lion Square, London WC IR 4RL. Tel: 020 7242 8031/4 Fax: 020 7242 8036 Website: www.ethicalsoc.org.uk email: [email protected] Chairman: Giles Enders Hon. Rep.: Don Liversedge • Vice-chairman: Terry Mullins Registrar: Donald Rooum Editor, Ethical Record: Norman Bacrae SPES Staff Chief Executive: Emma I Stanford Tel: 020 7242 8031/4 Finance Officer: Linda Alia Tel: 020 7242 8031/4 Admin. Assistant: Angela Keating Lettings Officer: Carina Dvorak Tel: 020 7242 8032 Lettings Assistant: Marie Aubrechtova Caretakers: Eva Auhrechtova (i/c); Tel: 020 7242 8033 together with: Shaip Bullaku. Angelo Edrozo, Alfredo Oliva. Rogerio Retuenia. Caeatay Ulker. David Wright Maintenance Operative: Zia Harneed New Members Phil Crowe of London; Susan Curtis-Kojakovic of Croatia Andrew Davidson, London W13; John Kalcr, London El7 Obituary We regret to report the death of SPES member Christopher Byrne of 5E19 1430 Sunday 15 NOVEMBER 2009 — SPES AGM Registration from 1400 DOES THE NATURAL WORLD POINT TO GOD? A debate presented by CFI UK and SPES. Alister McGrath vs. Stephen Law Thursday 29 October; 7 pm to 9 pm Conway Hall, 25 Red Lion Square, Holborn, London WCIR 4RL. With CFI UK Provost Stephen Law and Alister McGrath, author of The Dowlcins Delusion, Dawkins' God, and A Fine-Tuned Universe: The Quest For God In Science And Theology. Free to Friends of CFI, paid up members of SPES, BHA, RA and members of the Humanist Liaison Group. Others pay £5 on the door. £3 for Students or use PAYPAL in advance at www.efilondon.org Email: [email protected] Mobile: 07985 109399 SOUTH PLACE ETHICAL SOCIETY Reg. Charity No. 251396 Founded in 1793, thc Society is a progressive movement whose aims are: the study and dissemination of ethical principles based on humanism, the cultivation of a rational and humane way of life, and the advancement of research and education in relevant fields. We invite to membership those who reject supernatural creeds and are in sympathy with our aims. At Conway Hall the programme includes Sunday lectures, discussions, evening courses and the Conway Hall Sunday Concerts of chamber music. The Society maintains a Humanist Reference Library. The Society's journal, Ethical Record, is issued monthly. Memorial meetings may be arranged. The annual subscription is £18 (£12 if a full-time student, unwaged or over 65). 2 Ethical Record, August/September 2009 INTELLECTUALLY RESPECTABLE CREATIONISM Donald Roourn Lecture to the Ethical Society, 12 July 2009 It is a pity that the term "Creation Science" was ever invented. Creation is not a branch of science, and never can be. Creation is a matter of faith, one of the fundamental beliefs of Christianity. - Alan Hayward Creation and Evolution - the facts and the fallacies. SPCK 1985 By tying up the weak case for a young earth in the same package as the strong case for creation, recent-creationists are almost asking to be defeated. - ibid, commenting on the Arkansas "creation trial" of 1 982 I define Creationism as the belief that the story in the Book of Genesis, about how God created the world, is incontrovertibly true. At the entrance to the exhibition currently at Conway Hall is a label headed "Biblical Creation" which lists a lot of beliefs held by many creationists, but not by all: "Earth about 10,000 years old; Life created less than 10,000 years ago; All forms of life saved by Noah from the Flood; Fossils provide evidence of the Flood of Noah; There are no intermediate fossils; Complex forms from the start". Creationists who conform to the definition, but do not believe the list, call themselves -ancient creationists", because they accept the geological evidence for the age of the earth. They refer to those who accept the list as "recent creationists". Of course there have always been naive creationists, who believe the bible without thinking about it, or pretending to be intellectual. But in Britain, before about 1950, the only society dedicated to the promulgation of creationism was the Evolution Protest Movement, which believed in "ancient creationism". "Recent creationism", which has become the major form, is a recent import from America, and fairly recent there. William Jennings Bryan, who argued against the teaching of evolution in the famous "monkey trial" in Dayton Tennessee in 1926, was more- or-less an "ancient creationist" . Genesis versus Geometry The conflict between science and creationism is often stated as "Genesis versus Geology", but the science of geology has only existed for about two hundred and fifty years, and the conflict has been going on since the advent of Christianity, when it was "Genesis versus Geometry". According to Genesis, on the second day of creation, God said "Let there be a vault between the waters, to separate water from water", and separated the water under the vault from the water above it, and called the vault heaven. (That is the rendering of the New English Bible; the Authorised Version has "firmament" in place of "vault", translating the Hebrew rakia.) The simplest interpretation is an inverted bowl holding up a mass of water, to make a space in which the rest of Ethical Record, AugusaSeptember 2009 3 creation can take place (dry land emerged from the lower water on the third day). But centuries before the advent of Christianity, scientists (astronomers and geometers or earth-measurers) had embraced the theory that the earth is roughly spherical. Four centuries of observations, measurements, and theorising were preserved at the Museum in Alexandria, and in the second century CE a director of the Museum, Claudius Ptolemaus, collected this work into a thirteen-volume compilation, which he called The systematic arrangement of calculations (He mathematicu syntaxis), but which other scholars called The Great Astronomer (Ho megas astmnomos). 'The Earth Is Flat' - Cyril In 412 CE a rabidly anti-science Christian, Cyril, was appointed Archbishop of Alexandria and proceeded methodically to get all the books in the Museum burned, except for the Bible and works of Christian theology. Thereafter for seven centuries, Christians were forced to believe the earth was flat. But there were exceptions. The Great Astronomer had been copied, and the copies preserved, in various places. In the 720s, Saint Boniface wrote to the Pope accusing the Bishop of Salzburg of heresy. The Bishop of Salzburg was an Irishman called Ferghi I the Geometer, and it seems from the Pope's letter to him (a copy of which is preserved at the Vatican) that his heresy consisted of believing in the antipodes. Salzburg Cathedral burned down in the twelfth century, and Ferghil's body was found buried under the floor. He was canonised in 1233, as Saint Vergilius. A Life written at that time said he had preached that if people lived in the antipodes they had no eyes, since it was a "necessary truth" that every eye should see the Second Coming of Christ. But an argument involving "necessary truth" is much more likely to have been invented in the thirteenth century than remembered from the eighth century. The thirteenth century was the time of Thomas Aquinas and the Schoolmen, who worked out a system of rules for argument which are still in use. The Principle of Parsimony, first formulated by the schoolman William of Occam, is still known as "Occam's razor". The Schoolmen had access to the Almageste which was Ptolemy's Great Astronomer, translated from the original Greek into Arabic, and from Arabic into Latin. The Schoolmen recognised the Almageste as a source of mundane truths, which they sought to reconcile with the sacred "necessary truths" of Christian faith. For instance, it was a necessary truth that the firmament, which God called heaven, was erected on the second day of creation, and also a mundane truth that the earth was a sphere. The Schoolmen reconciled the two kinds of truth by noticing that although Genesis appears to assume that the earth is flat, it does not actually state that the earth is flat.
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