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MISSISQUOI NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Swanton, Vermont

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MISSISQUOI NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Swanton, Vermont MISSISQUOI NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SWANTON, VERMONT ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT CALENDAR YEAR 1991 NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR REVIEW AND APPROVALS MISSISQUOI NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Swanton, Vermont ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT Calendar Year 1991 ^ /a 7/<y'2 (/JJ?'C " Robert A. Zelley Date Don Frickie Date Refuge Manager Associate Manager Review 6-cP-^ Assistant I^4gional director Date Wildlife Resources Regional Office Approval MISSISQUOI NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Swanton, Vermont ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT Calendar Year 1991 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM INTRODUCTION The Missisquoi National Wildlife refuge includes most of the Missisquoi Delta where it enters Missisquoi Bay which is part of Lake Champlain. The refuge is situated in the northwest corner of Vermont. Its boundary is within a few hundred yards of the Canadian border. The total refuge area consists of 5,839 acres. Habitat types are diverse. Cover types break down approximately as follows: woodland swamp, 1,619 acres; shrub swamp, 3,580 acres; hayfields and old fields undergoing succession, 520 acres; and about 108 acres of commercial forests. Administration lands for roads, buildings, etc. take up about 12 acres. The floodplain and marshes of the Missisquoi Delta provide a major resting and feeding area for migrating waterfowl. Waterfowl production is also an important activity. Nest boxes supplement natural cavities for wood ducks, common goldeneyes and hooded mergansers. Nesting habitats for black ducks and other ground- nesting waterfowl is limited by high water during the spring. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A. HIGHLIGHTS 1 B. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 2 C. LAND ACQUISITION 1. Fee Title 3 2. Easements 3 3. Other Nothing to Report (NTR) D. PLANNING 1. Master Plan (NTR) 2. Management Plan 3 3. Public Participation (NTR) 4. Compliance with Environmental and Cultural Resource Mandates (NTR) 5. Research and Investigations 4 6. Other (NTR) E. ADMINISTRATION 1. Personnel 6 2. Youth Programs (NTR) 3. Other Manpower Programs (NTR) i 4. Volunteer Programs 8 5. Funding 11 6. Safety 11 7. Technical Assistance (NTR) 8. Other 11 F. HABITAT MANAGEMENT 1. General 12 2. Wetlands 13 3. Forests (NTR) 4. Croplands (NTR) 5. Grasslands 14 6. Other Habitats 15 7. Grazing 15 8. Haying 15 9. Fire Management 15 10. Pest Control 15 11. Water Rights (NTR) 12. Wilderness and Special Areas 16 13. WPA Easement Monitoring Areas (NTR) G. WILDLIFE 1. Wildlife Diversity (NTR) 2. Endangered and/or Threatened Species 17 3. Waterfowl 19 ii 4. Marsh and Water Birds 2 3 5. Shorebirds, Gulls, Terns and Allied Species 24 6. Raptors 24 7. Other Migratory Birds 2 5 8. Game Mammals 25 9. Marine Mammals (NTR) 10. Other Resident Wildlife (NTR) 11. Fisheries Resources (NTR) 12. Wildlife Propagation and Stocking (NTR) 13. Surplus Animal Disposal (NTR) 14. Scientific Collections (NTR) 15. Animal Control 25 16. Marking and Banding 26 17. Disease Prevention and Control (NTR) H. PUBLIC USE 1. General 27 2. Outdoor Classrooms - Students 28 3. Outdoor Classrooms - Teachers 29 4. Interpretive Foot Trails 29 5. Interpretive Tour Routes (NTR) 6. Interpretive Exhibits/ Demonstrations (NTR) 7. Other Interpretive Programs 29 8. Hunting 31 9. Fishing 34 iii 10. Trapping 34 11. Wildlife Observation 35 12. Other Wildlife Oriented Recreation 35 13. Camping (NTR) 14. Picnicing (NTR) 15. Off-road Vehicling (NTR) 16. Other Nonwildlife Oriented Recreation 35 17. Law Enforcement 35 18. Cooperating Associations (NTR) 19. Concessions (NTR) I. EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES 1. New Construction 35 2. Rehabilitation 36 3. Major Maintenance 3 6 4. Equipment Utilization and Replacement 37 5. Communications Systems (NTR) 6. Computer Systems (NTR) 7. Energy Conservation 37 8. Other (NTR) J. OTHER ITEMS 1. Cooperative Programs (NTR) 2. Other Economic Uses (NTR) iv 3 Items of Interest 38 4 Credits 38 K. FEEDBACK (Nothing to report) L. INFORMATION PACKET (See inside back cover) v A. HIGHLIGHTS Juanita Blaskowski receives a National Take Pride in America Award. First successful nesting of osprey on the refuge. Refuge participates in planning of First Day of Issue Ceremony, Dorset, Vt. The refuge hosts a local Celebration of Waterfowl in recognition of Vermont artist, Nancy Howe. Fall snow goose population peaked at 15,000. 1 B. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS Weather conditions - temperature and precipitation - are monitored at the Refuge Headquarters in Swanton, Vermont. The past year was above average in terms of temperature and below average in terms of precipitation. The annual average temperature (Severity Index) was 44.8°F, well above the seven year average (1984-1990) Severity Index of 43.4" F. The high temperature for the year occurred on June 3 0th when the mercury hit 91° F. On the other end, January 22 bottomed out at -18~ F. Total rainfall was recorded at 28.86 inches and total snowfall at 48.0 inches. The twelve year averages (1979-1990) for precipitation are 31.21" of rain and 54.5" of snow. This year was below those averages. Rainfall between June and August was half its usual amount. Table 1 shows monthly temperature and precipitation figures. 1991 Weather Conditions at Refuge Headquarters Temperature ( F) Precipitation finches) Month High Low Avg. Rain Snow January 39 -18 14.5 0.66 23.5 February 49 -10 25.9 0. 35 4.5 March 55 8 32.1 2.96 2.0 April 76 22 47.5 3.90 - May 84 32 56.9 3.57 - June 91 41 65.4 1.44 - July 90 46 68.1 1.41 - August 87 46 68.6 2.35 - September 86 26 55.1 5.99 - October 76 26 49.2 3.63 - November 62 14 36.2 1.18 0.5 December 60 -11 18.1 1.42 17.5 TOTALS 28.86 48.0 Table 1. 1991 temperature and precipitation conditions. As in recent years, the winter months were relatively mild. Temperatures rarely dropped below 0 F for more than a few days and would reach above freezing many times. In early March, the Missisquoi River began thawing and ice-out was complete by the 25th. Spring rains caused the River system to rise to gs^O'MSL in April. Lower rainfall amounts in general kept water levels below normal levels the rest of the spring and summer. By July the lack of rain caused water levels to drop to near record lows. Navigation out of the three branches of the River and the mouth of Dead Creek was impossible. Issuance of a drought warning by the State was imminent, but never materialized even though lake levels continued to drop in August and precipitation was again below normal. During September almost 6" of rain provided some relief to drought conditions. Lake levels increased slightly through the fall. A cold snap the first week in December froze the Missisquoi on the 3rd. However, temperatures fluctuating between the mid-40's and below 0 did not allow the River to freeze solid by the end of the year. C. LAND ACQUISITION 1. Fee Title The refuge acreage remains at 5839 acres as of the end of Calendar Year 1991. A 23 6 acre parcel that was recently donated to the Nature Conservancy may be added next year. 2. Easements No new areas were added to the easement areas assigned to the refuge. Responsibility for some as yet unidentified easement areas in New York State Counties near Lake Champlain has been assigned to Missisquoi. D. PLANNING 2. Management Plans The trapping plan was revised to allow no fee to be charged or possibly even pay for furbearer removal when fur prices are too low to attract any interest with the usual fees in effect. 5. Research and Investigations Telemetry Studies bv the Northeast Research Group During August through mid-December, members of the Northeast Research Group (Patuxent Wildlife Research Center's northeastern field station) traversed the refuge and surrounding wetlands of Vermont, New York and Quebec to monitor radio-marked black ducks and mallards. These activities concluded the final field season of a 2-year study to determine survival and habitat use by black ducks and mallards during fall staging before migration. Efforts focused on evaluating the importance of refuge wetlands before, during and after the waterfowl seasons in Vermont and Quebec. Use of upland and wetland habitats by marked ducks within an 8 km radius of refuge headquarters, which includes all of the managed impoundments and Missisquoi River delta, was determined. Researchers conducted extensive checks of waterfowl bagged by hunters to determine sex and age ratios. The refuge was a focal point for logistics and staff supported research in many ways, including the logging of telephone calls from hunters, supporting duck trapping activities, providing use of equipment (boats), assistance in fabricating some telemetry gear, and storage of materials and equipment. This small transmitter was unnoticed by the hunter until one of the research crew found it during a bag check. J. Longcore '91 4 Habitat use by black ducks was monitored by radiotelemetry J. Longcore '91 5 E. ADMINISTRATION 1. Personnel 3 7 1 5 6 1. Robert A. Zelley - Refuge Manager, GS-11, PFT 2. John B. Gallegos - Assistant Refuge Manager, GS-9, Transferred to Back Bay NWR as Biologist, GS-11, 08/25/91, PFT 3. Lisa A. McCurdy - Refuge Operations Specialist, GS-9, EOD 11/17/91, PFT 4. Sylvia K. LeClaire - Office Assistant, GS-4, EOD 11/04/90, Resigned 09/07/91, PFT 5. Cheryl L. Amos - Office Assistant, GS-4/5, EOD 12/29/91, PFT 6. Juanita I. Blaskowski - Outdoor Recreation Planner, GS- 9, Promotion effective 05/19/91, PFT 7. Richard M. Curtis - Tractor Operator, WG-6, PFT 6 1 2 1.
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