The Magazine of the Federation of British Historic Vehicle Clubs Issue 2 • 2021
Inside A Brief History of Car Crime
Plus A Panda jogs my memory An interesting distraction during lockdown exercise Brooklands’ famous events are back Museum team are gearing up for an exciting year Last Morris Minor built returns to Cowley Restored back to its former glory www.fbhvc.co.ukwww.fbhvc.co.uk The UKThe MemberUK Member of of FIVA FIVA CLUB INSURANCE Complete cover on all safety-critical parts.
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2 FBHVCnews Issue 2, 2021
201218-PJI-FBHVC-A4-297x210-complete-cover.indd 1 21/12/2020 12:05 CLUB The Magazine of the Federation of British Historic Vehicle Clubs www.fbhvc.co.uk INSURANCE President: Lord Steel of Aikwood Complete Editorial Wayne Scott Communications Director Chairman: David Whale ave you got yours yet? No, order to use our movement to contribute to Secretary: Emma Balaam I’m not referring to your a section of society that has needed huge Federation of British Historic Hvaccine shot – but instead your help and support during the pandemic – Vehicle Clubs Ltd National Drive it Day rally plate! vulnerable children. Lockdown has PO Box 295, Upminster, I can scarcely believe that Drive it Day magnified all sorts of societal problems and Essex, RM14 9DG cover on all 2021 is nearly upon us, but even more the long days and weeks trapped in broken incredible is that I have to write about homes or abusive environments have put Email: [email protected] Phone: 01708 223111 our Drive it Day plans whilst still in the vulnerable children even more at risk. shadow of Coronavirus restrictions. Furthermore, the restrictions on social The Federation of British Historic Whilst most areas of the UK will have contact and the movement of people have Vehicle Clubs exists to uphold the seen some restrictions eased by the time seriously curtailed fundraising efforts freedom to use historic vehicles on safety-critical 25th April arrives to allow us to travel for charities across the board. All those the road. It does this by representing locally and meet limited numbers from sponsored runs, swims, coffee mornings, the interests of owners of such other households outdoors, we will Fêtes and other initiatives have not taken vehicles to politicians, government not be in a position to have the large place and charities have found themselves shows and gatherings that we have underfunded just at the moment when officials, and legislators both in become accustomed to over the years. they need the resource the most. the UK and (through membership However, there is no reason to allow So, despite the lack of shows and events – of Fédération Internationale des parts. that to dampen our enthusiasm for the Drive it Day 2021 offers us the opportunity Véhicules Anciens) in Europe. day or indeed for our historic vehicles. to stay local, be responsible but to still There are over 500 subscriber In actual fact Drive it Day should be just get out and use our historic vehicles. Take that; an opportunity to get your historic them for a short drive around your area, do organisations representing a total vehicle out after its winter slumber – or your weekly shop on Sunday and take your membership of over 250,000 in give it a good buff up and polish if it has historic vehicle, offer your services to fetch addition to individual and trade remained in regular use - and celebrate supplies for an elderly neighbor or relative, supporters. Details can be found the freedom we have to continue to use visit a support bubble, perhaps even deliver at www.fbhvc.co.uk or sent on No ifs, no buts, no exclusions on brakes, our cherished vehicles on the open road. a donation to a local food bank. Some application to the secretary. National Drive it Day has its place as people will not feel able or be permitted steering or suspension. Valid here and a symbolic season opener, a chance to to leave home, so instead – park your car FBHVC is a company limited by get historic vehicles of all shapes, sizes on the drive and proudly display your guarantee, registered number in the US, available at a price you can a ord. and types out in use, seen by the public piece of transport heritage to passers by. 3842316 and was founded in 1988. and enjoyed by their custodians. It’s We must all adhere to Government Subscriber clubs and organisations a statement of national importance guidelines applicable in our area, so check can reproduce the text of items because, not only does it ensure that our what is allowed before you leave as the Add in employers’ and public liability, along with professional indemnity, from this publication in their own transport heritage continues as a moving, situation may change again after this all-risks and money cover as standard, it’s easy to see why we o er working, living experience, but also raises goes to print. But that said, whatever you publications provided that FBHVC is awareness of the size, importance and do on April 25th – do it in your historic credited. Images may be reproduced the most comprehensive Club Liability Insurance available in the UK. contribution that the historic vehicle vehicle and do it displaying your Drive only with specific permission. All articles are available via email, for As with all our policies, terms and conditions will apply. movement makes to the world. it Day rally plate bought from www. This year, that contribution is even larger driveitday.co.uk . All proceeds go directly more information please contact because of course, we have teamed up to the NSPCC’s Childline to protect future [email protected] Call today to fi nd out more. with the NSPCC’s Childline to raise money generations through celebrating our past. 0121 422 2282 as an integrated part of Drive it Day in So, have you still not got yours yet? [email protected] PeterJamesInsurance.co.uk 4 Legislation 16 Research CAZ & LEZ updates Key findings from the National Population Survey 10 DVLA 20 Cover Story Capital Gains Tax Information A brief history of car crime 11 Skills 22 National Motorcycle Museum Morris Minor Owners Club Apprentice of the Year Win a motorcycle in the Triumph over Adversity Appeal 12 Technical & Events 23 Secretarial News Maybe this times it’s for real? Members feedback 13 Heritage & Culture 24 A Panda Jogs My Memory UK Culture Directors appointed Recollections of a Mille Miglia adventure
InsuranceInsurance Partner Partner of the FBHVC Contents 13 WNO481 - Wings Tour Bus 28 Back Home of the FBHVC The results are in! Last Morris Minor built returns to Cowley 14 Museums & Archives 29 Club News Brooklands’ famous events are back 40 years of the Vauxhall Cavalier Mk2 Peter James Insurance is the trading name of Peter D James Limited and is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Creative and design by Fire Creative (07795 030885) FBHVCnews Issue 2, 2021 3
201218-PJI-FBHVC-A4-297x210-complete-cover.indd 1 21/12/2020 12:05 Legislation Lindsay Irvine Introduction The curse of 24 hour news I am sorry your hopes were dashed. MOT inspector’s Manual which I cover is brought home during a With a final deal emerging just before briefly below (with a link to previous Christmas and the modalities of detailed FBHVC advice on this tricky topic). pandemic lockdown – endlessly implementation on Government websites On environmental issues, following on repetitive depressing stories “unfinished” by the first thing January from coverage in the last Newsletter of often designed to stoke up more deadline, there was no time to absorb the the Scottish Government’s publication angst, anger and conflict to 1246 pages of the Agreement. Thankfully of the fruits of its consultation on Low the FBHVC website news updates are there Emission Zones, I provide an update on retain viewers and fill the day. to do the “breaking news” and caught up the draft subordinate legislation making The corollary of that curse is the with reassurances on VAT rates for historic its way through the Scottish Parliament. benefit that the news is kept vehicle imports and less welcome news on I also mention again the Oxford ZEZ up to date, unconstrained by the additional bureaucracy and expense Consultation in the context of our of the temporary export of a vehicle to response in January and explain some editorial and printing deadlines. the continent on a trailer. One benefit of fairly well trodden issues in relation to the That time lag means that as a pandemic is that there is more time to expanding London ULEZ. Finally taking you read the last newsletter consider these new processes as actually inspiration from what used to be quaintly putting them into practice for leisure, called the post bag, I describe another which came out in February, you racing or exhibiting our prized possession interesting issue on what in far off days might have flicked through it is a little way off. As “modalities” become was called “motor spirit”. A quick FIVA expecting that the major item clearer, I hope to be able to provide a update courtesy of my predecessor, Bob of “breaking news” (an EU-UK fuller summary of these changes in the Owen is also provided and a mention next edition. of a new and very welcome member of Brexit Agreement) might have Also, too late for the last newsletter the Legislation Committee. And SMART been covered. was the update on LED lighting in the motorways get a mention again! How far that little candle throws his beams… … So shines a good deed in a weary world. Class 3,4,5 and 7 vehicles approved headlamps as set out in the Road A rather apposite quote in this trying year For class 3,4,5 and 7 vehicles, the defect Vehicle Lighting Regulations 1989 (RVLR which I link to the fitment of LED lights ‘Light source and lamp not compatible’ 1989) in Schedule 4 paragraph 5. However to historic vehicles. The following entry in only applies to vehicles first used on or those Regulations require that where an the MOT manual for cars and passenger after 1 April 1986. approved lamp is required, an approved vehicles updated in January of this year Should a vehicle be presented for light source must be used. The date raised a few eyebrows: an MOT test with conversions before applicable depends on the lamp function. 4.1.4 Headlamps - Compliance with 1 April 1986 they must not be failed Based on a letter from the Dft in 2017, the requirements - Changed sentence from with immediate effect. article goes on to summarise the dates ‘Existing halogen headlamp units should Vehicles presented with converted when lamp approval became mandatory not be converted to be used with HID halogen headlamp units first used on for certain motor vehicle lamps. bulbs. If such a conversion has been done, or after 1 April 1986 will continue to For many older vehicles there is no you must fail the headlamp.’ to ‘Existing be failed. specific prohibition in RVLR 1989 about halogen headlamp units should not be Headlamps must comply with all the use of LED sources. However it should converted to be used with high intensity other requirements of the test and be noted from the article mentioned discharge (HID) or light emitting diode headlamp aim. above that those Regulations also include (LED) bulbs. If such a conversion has been The cars and passenger vehicles a requirement that lamps (and specifically done, you must fail the headlamp.’ inspection manual will be updated shortly. headlamps) should not cause undue dazzle However in an amendment issued by For reasons I briefly summarise below, or discomfort to other persons using the DVSA on 19th March and coming into the vehicles which will mainly be caught road. effect from 22nd March these rules are by any offending conversions will be those “With particular reference to changing so that not all motorcycles and post 1986, the oldest of which are only headlamps, a light source of a different vehicles will fail the MOT test if their on the cusp of becoming historic vehicles. type and in consequence of different halogen headlamp units have been so Thus the majority of historic vehicles are physical size and shape is very unlikely to converted. not affected by this change to the MoT work correctly with the optical design of Class 1 and 2 motorcycles requirements. the lamp and the risk of causing undue Class 1 and 2 motorcycles must not be The regulatory position on the use dazzle or discomfort becomes a very real failed for the defect ‘Light source and lamp of LED light sources in historic vehicles one” not compatible’. has been covered so extensively and In addition, given the fact that LEDs are Headlamps must comply with all comprehensively before in this journal that greatly more energy efficient than their other requirements of the test and rather than repeat that guidance verbatim tungsten or halogen predecessors, the headlamp aim. here, I invite you to read an article in fact that the Regulations quote minimum The motorcycle inspection manual will Newsletter number 5 of 2017 available in wattages for certain lamps creates a be updated shortly, and the ability to the Federation archives. In basic terms, for barrier to their use across the board. LEDs select the defect within the MOT testing vehicles registered before the 1st of April are of too low a wattage to comply with service will be removed. 1986, there is no requirement for type the regulations even though the actual
4 FBHVCnews Issue 2, 2021 light output may be entirely adequate. of Historic Interest (VHI), you can guess requirements which would not be very So whilst any change to government which has been chosen. This will make the suitable for our members. The systems motor vehicle manuals can cause a frisson implementation process “interesting”. The now operating in some cities, where a of concern, I think the change mentioned VHI definition in the regulations almost checking system is available to put minds above will be of limited application exactly replicates that in The Motor at rest, is what I have advocated, and I to most historic vehicle owners. That Vehicles (Tests) (Amendment) Regulations expect will ultimately be the system put in said even those no longer taking their 2017 save for substituting “30 years” for place. Talking about online checkers…. vehicle for a test, should ensure that any “40 years”. conversions to LED headlamps do not The VHI definition used in the context …Ever Increasing Circles – the London dazzle other road users which could fall of roadworthiness makes sense since a ULEZ foul of a roadside check. A more remote substantial modification could have safety One of the “post bag” items related to but still plausible issue could be the implications. Clean air zone exemptions in an oft mentioned topic in this Newsletter. insurance implications of a modification England are simply based on the vehicle As publicised on the Federation website, which is alleged to have contributed to a being VED exempt (because it is more from 25th October 2021 the ULEZ road accident. than 40 years old) and this simplifies boundary increases, to cover “inner the enforcement process largely carried London” as defined as the roads within, out by ANPR which recognises the but not including the North Circular Road Clean Air/Low “historic” registered status of the vehicle. and South Circular Road (A406 and A205). It is appreciated that 30 years poses a Quite a healthy number of emails from Emission Zones problem in relation to using that same correspondents were received on this Scotland system (since 30 years is not a matter of change. Given where they lived, some had In the last Newsletter I covered the significance in DVLA registration records). received pamphlets informing them of welcome news that in its final consultation Thus, imposing the VHI definition to this change and others had seen it in the on the implementation of Low Emissions qualify for an exemption would seem media or on the TfL website. Having taken Zones under the Transport (Scotland) Act to imply a need for registration of a up the invitation to use the ULEZ checker 2019, the Scottish Government confirmed vehicle with the Scottish authorities. on whether their vehicle was exempt, they its undertaking to provide exemptions In accordance with our “user friendly” had been concerned to see an information from prohibition of entry into these zones request, let us hope that such registration box telling them they were subject to the for vehicles defined as historic by the will apply across Scotland and not require £12.50 charge. This is not very helpful international standard of 30 years. Our separate registration for each city setting (given that the checkers for other cities I response was confined to welcoming this up its own LEZ. referred to earlier) work well. indication and an expression of hope that To allay any fears that a sneaky reneging the enforcement process would be as user Oxford ZEZ from the settled position was taking place, friendly as possible. I was awaiting the Having previously indicated I was still I examined the original legal mandate draft subordinate legislation at that stage looking at Oxford’s proposals for what for the zone and exemptions. It is not and that has now been published. they termed a Zero Emissions Zone (ZEZ), entirely straightforward to follow the With a choice between basing the I did respond as can be read on the amendments to the Greater London Low exemption on a simple requirement that Federation website. Having hinted at a Emission Zone Charging Order 2006 made the vehicle is more than 30 years old system akin to other cities in terms of under the Greater London Authority and a more complex one based around identification of vehicles by ANPR, the Act 1999, but looking at the latest the EU inspired definition of a Vehicle consultation then referred to registration variation orders, there is no indication of the historic vehicles exemption being repealed. Indeed, the extension to historic vehicles on a rolling 40 year basis was only inserted by the 2018 Amendment Order. However the small print on the Checker facility explains why there is a problem: “The checker ONLY checks the emissions standard of the vehicle. To check if a discount or exemption applies to your vehicle - and whether you need to pay the charge - go to Pay to drive in London.” On proceeding to the ‘pay to drive in London’ page, as if intending to pay, it will then correctly show the vehicle as exempt. Unlike the checker facilities for other towns and cities, the ULEZ “checker” is only checking the emissions standard and not the VED status or age of the vehicle. A frustrating issue, but there does not appear to be any “reneging” on the exemption by stealth. Illustrated by Lindsay Irvine However, we will remain vigilant.
FBHVCnews Issue 2, 2021 5 Planes & Other Issues The correspondent wondered whether leaded fuel can leave deposits on the automobiles the tax and supply restrictions might be cylinder head and valves. The much Since my other passion is historic changed. As I say my fuels knowledge is more common post war US horizontally aviation, I was most interested in low but in addition to the Octane rating, opposed engines generally prefer another item arriving in the post bag I doubt that AVGAS is exactly the same the higher Octane leaded fuel but bridging both the aerial and ground as the premium leaded of the past. Its reengineering and further research has based worlds. With the permission extra base cost is because it contains shown that for many UL91 is sufficient. of the correspondent, the question additives to give it a stability to work at I was asked by him was why AVGAS the different altitudes and temperatures c. There are approximately 27000 GA (aviation gasoline) used in light piston which aircraft operate in which are not aircraft in the UK. Not all run on AVGAS; engine aircraft could not be made common to motor vehicles. I have already mentioned UL91 but available to the vintage and classic As to why the government might be many newer ones run on MOGAS, vehicle movement. This was on the not unwilling to consider a change, I thought effectively unleaded petrol and others completely incorrect basis that AVGAS these might be relevant: on JET A1 or diesel. It is the case fuel used by light aircraft is virtually the therefore that AVGAS 100LL is becoming same as classic petrol of the 1960s. a. Having successfully got rid of leaded an increasingly niche product for a Whilst my knowledge of fuels is fuel for road vehicles, and with E10 relatively small market. Even if relatively generally set at Zero (I will soon have on its way, I did not consider there few historic vehicle owners took some help on this – see page 8) I did would be any government appetite to advantage of the fresh availability of know a bit about AVGAS 100LL which allow it to be reintroduced under the leaded fuel, given the 1.2 million historic is the product used in many general guise of more extended use of AVGAS. vehicles on the DVLA database, numbers aviation aircraft. LL stands for “low (It would simply be regarded as the might still be greater than GA users. This lead” which together with the 100 reintroduction of Road Vehicle leaded would not be attractive to government. octane rating could make this fuel fuel). attractive to certain vehicle owners. d. Even if the government was open to The question was not unreasonable b. With my aviation hat on, I know the such a suggestion, I doubt whether and merited a fairly detailed reply UK Government along with other there would be a business case. Firstly, which the correspondent was content administrations want to get rid of the majority of historic vehicle owners I share more widely. AVGAS too but are sensitive to the cope and have coped with the loss adverse effect that this would have of leaded fuel. There is the hurdle on General aviation and accept that in of E10 but thanks to the work of the Europe the use is small. That said the Federation, supply of E5 is assured for at The Law fuels industry has introduced a new least 5 years and there will be a strong I have no doubt that AVGAS 100LL grade UL91 whose name describes lobby to retain supplies beyond that. would work quite successfully in the it perfectly; Unleaded 91 Octane. The cost of a distribution network for engines of historic vehicles designed Most aircraft engines of the pre and “AVGAS” for road vehicles is unlikely to to accept premium leaded fuel. I immediate post war era and especially be cost effective and many outlets may shall discuss briefly later as to why British ones (such as the de Havilland be reluctant to stock for reputational its availability is restricted but as a Gipsy Major installed in Tiger Moths reasons and because the market will be preliminary I can state unequivocally etc.) much prefer this fuel as the small. that it would not be lawful to use it in a road vehicle. By analogy with the far better known phenomenon of putting red diesel supplied for agricultural use in non- entitled vehicles, AVGAS Federation Position has a different duty rate applied to it As I have set out in previous columns, than for road vehicles. (www.gov.uk/ the main challenge for the historic government/publications/rates-and- vehicle movement in the future is the allowances-excise-duty-hydrocarbon- Government’s policy intent to phase out oils/excise-duty-hydrocarbon-oils- sales of petrol and diesel cars (though rates). From that link you will see that not currently motorcycles) by 2030 in the duty rate for AVGAS is lower than accordance with its zero carbon target by road vehicle petrol, but the base price 2050. A move to electric and hydrogen service historic vehicles. However to is much higher than motor vehicle vehicles puts our historic ones in the lobby for what would be regarded as unleaded. There are offences in section spotlight and a likely increased political the wholesale reintroduction of leaded 9 of the Finance Act 1994 for either and public need to justify their continued fuel for historic vehicles (as opposed to misusing fuels or supplying fuels for use. The Federation will continue to the limited amount allowed to be sold), misuse. The latter would deter any campaign for the protection of fossil would not be helpful to the Federation’s reputable fuel wholesaler or retailer fuel supplies long into the future to or movement’s aims. supplying to the road vehicles market.
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FBHVCnews Issue 2, 2021 7 FIVA The following is a flavour of the matters There has been an extended process in (other petrol companies discussed at the recent FIVA Legislation the EU over several years to permit four are available) Esso Sign Commission (LC) meeting. exemptions from the overall prohibition. The LC learned that FIVA’s own One of these is for “decorative” chromium means a happy Worldwide Historic Vehicle Survey (which plating. During the period prior to their incorporates the UK data from the FBHVC) finalisation, national administrations have Committee survey is still on track for the results to not been enforcing the overall prohibition I am delighted that I no longer have be published later this year. Further its in the areas affected. In the UK this is to pretend knowledge on fuel matters Technical Code 2020 concerned with the the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). as Nigel Elliott (whose biography is issue of FIVA ID Cards has been launched Prior to the end of the Transition Period available on the Federation website this month by FIVA at the same time as the three of these exemptions were finalised, but had a long and distinguished FIVA Identity Card becoming exclusively and presumably will be swept up in the career with a major oil company, online. The Technical Code makes it clear adoption into UK laws. hinted at in the title to this paragraph) that vehicles converted to electrical power Unfortunately, the “decorative” aspect has joined the Legislation Committee. are not within the Code and that they is still in the final stages of approval in He is currently in the process of are to be treated as new as of the date of the EU system, though the advice given updating the advice and materials conversion, in line with the approach to to FIVA is that this is purely administrative on this area on the FBHVC website, major alterations of other kinds. and that finalisation will shortly occur. so we are guarding his precious time The issue of chromium plating which The consequences if any of this to get that task completed. For those specifically affects the United Kingdom transition for the UK will be explored eager to fire fuel related questions was discussed. The EU Registration, by the Federation; (a) to ascertain the for him via the Federation Secretary, Evaluation, Authorisation & Restriction position as seen from the HSE and (b) if please allow time for that update to of Chemicals (REACH) Regulations often the answer is not satisfactory, advise the occur (which will cover E10 as well) as discussed in these pages, currently contain APPHVG of this and look at co-operation your questions may be covered in that an overall ban on the use of chromium with an industry which is important to refresher. My Committee colleagues trioxide. It is understood that the EU historic vehicle preservation to ensure and I are delighted at his assistance to REACH Regulations, as in force at the end domestic legislation is compatible with the date, with my delight augmented by of the Transition Period, will have been continuation of chromium plating in the relief! transferred en bloc into UK domestic laws. United Kingdom. This will include the overall prohibition.
SMART When I first wrote on this contentious Vehicle Detections systems (SVD) and the amount already invested in the topic a couple of Newsletters ago, I had other measures to mitigate the dangers of project and the cost of buying land expected by now to be covering safety breakdown on the former hard shoulder equivalent to 700 Wembley stadia to implementation rather than louder calls lane. Meantime the media has covered restore a hard shoulder in addition to for reversal of the policy of building the Highways authority being reported the fourth lane, I doubt the policy will be SMART motorways. Shortly after I wrote to the police for corporate manslaughter reversed but the shocking discovery that the last update on this topic, our APPHVG and the motoring organisations which the myriad of motorway cameras are not Chairman, Sir Greg Knight, did indeed had started to mute their resistance to routinely monitored by staff for accidents approach the Secretary of State for the concept have become more vocal or breakdowns (the onus is still on the Transport expressing our concerns and his again as obviously the hazards affect driver to phone in) is unlikely to increase about the slow pace of roll out of Stopped their Patrols as well as members. Given anyone’s confidence until automated monitoring systems are working.
8 FBHVCnews Issue 2, 2021 Further Emissions Update James Fairchild Further to my report in Issue 1,2021, here is affect younger commercial vehicles Bristol CAZ (with the chosen option some updated information for you. travelling to events in Saltaire as well applying to buses and lorries) is awaiting By the time you read this, the London as encompassing safe routes for bigger government formal approval to proceed. changes and the Bath CAZ have vehicles travelling to places like Keighley Finally, we recap that the planned commenced, both affecting lorries, buses and Skipton, both popular locations for Leeds zone has been cancelled, and and vans. transport events in non-pandemic times. Southampton, Derby and Nottingham On 1 June, the Birmingham zone We are also grateful to receive a have similarly decided not to introduce a commences, and we remind the reader report of an informal virtual meeting zone. once more that this zone affects ordinary held by Sheffield City Council, which It is also worth adding that in private cars also, with vehicles in the was attended by the chairperson of the our updates we have only included Historic VED class being exempt, but South Yorkshire Transport Trust, where information applicable to the general younger ‘classic’ or ‘preserved’ vehicles the council committed to considering historic vehicle population. Many of being subject to the charge. exemptions for vehicles not encompassed the zones have allowances for local We have some further information on by the national one. residents, for example, and some have the payment methods for both Bath and Greater Manchester Combined exemptions for recovery trucks (which we Birmingham. These cities (and presumably Authority have also received an update understand is only for working recovery other English cities which join them) will that their formal consultation has trucks and not preserved ones) as well as utilize a gov.uk webpage, the ‘drive in ended, and a ‘final plan’ is expected this some obscure ones for certain types of a clean air zone’ service. Our emissions summer. Again, we are grateful to the machinery. webpage includes a link to this, as well as chairperson of Museum of Transport Reading the Bradford documents, the (different) payment page for London. Greater Manchester for the update. we learn that the zone is intended to be Just as this issue went to press, Bradford Furthermore, the Manchester City in operation for a finite period of time, confirmed that its CAZ is to go ahead Council are considering their own ULEZ and that the quicker society as a whole (affecting lorries, buses and vans). The for Manchester city centre which would gets to acceptable levels of air pollution, DEFRA standard exemption for vehicles include cars, and create the conundrum the quicker the zone will have served its in the historic VED class will apply, and that some vehicles will have to pay for purpose. furthermore Bradford MDC will consult both the countywide zone and city Finally, readers are reminded that the on potential local exemptions. Similarly zone upon making the same journey – Birmingham zone (from June) and the to Bath, this zone includes part of the hopefully both via the same payment next lot of London changes (October) main A650, A657 and A658 and will portal. If we hear any more we will share. will apply to cars as well as larger vehicles.