XENIX™ User's Handbook

XENIX™ User's Handbook XENIX™ User's Handbook by WSI Staff Weber Systems, Inc. Cleveland, Ohio The authors have exercised due care in the preparation of this book and the programs contained in it. The authors and the publisher make no warranties either express or implied with regard to the information and programs contained in this book. In no event shall the authors or publisher be liable for incidental or consequential damages arising out of the furnishing, performance, or any infor mation and / or programs. UNIXTM is a trademark of Bell Laboratories; MS-DOSTM, XENIXTM, and Microsoft BASICM are trademarks of Microsoft, Incorporated; CP / MTM and MP / MTM are trademarks of Digital Research, Incorporated; PDP 7™ is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation; IBM PCTM and IBM PC xrMare trademarks of International Business Machines. Published by: Weber Systems, Inc. 8437 Mayfield Road Cleveland, Ohio 44026 For information translations and book distributors outside ofthe United on States, please contact WSI at the above address. XENIX™ User's Handbook Copyright© 1984 by Weber Systems, Inc. All rights reserved under I nterna tional and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Printed in United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrival system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Main entry under title: XENIX user's handbook Includes index I. XENIX (Computer program) I. Weber Systems, Inc. QA 76.6.46 1984 001.64'2 84-050833 ISBN 0-938862-44-8 Typesetting and Layout: Tina Koran, Maria Stamoulis, Deborah McCol lum, and Irma Schaeffer, Writer: David Sullivan. Contents Introduction ------------------------------------ 15 1. An Overview --------------------------------- 17 I ntrod u ction _____________________________________ 17 A B ri ef H istory ______________--,-- __________________ 17 General Stru ctu re _________________________________ 19 Advantages of UN I X ______________________________ 20 Disadvantages of UNIX _____________________ 21 XENIX _________________________________ 21 XENIX Compared to Other PC Operating Systems _________ 22 2. Installing the XE~IX Operating System _____ 23 Introduction _________________________ 23 Preparation __________________________ 23 Computer Hardware _______________________ 24 Operating Systems ____________________ 24 Hard Disk Partitions ______________________ 25 Swap Area __________________________ 27 Su per-User Password ______________________ 27 Procedure ___________________________ 28 MS-DOS _____________________________ 28 XENIX ______________________________ 33 MS-DOS Files ________________________ 44 Partition Use _____________________________ 45 Modifying the XENIX Installation _________________ 46 More Memory 46 Adding Another System 48 3. Preparing the XENIX Operating System for Use 51 Introduction 51 System Startup and Shutdown 52 Starting 52 Stopping 53 Immediate 53 Delayed 53 Necessities 55 System Console 58 Terminals 58 Enable Special Device File 58 Set Line Baud Rate 59 Make Physical Connection 62 Set Terminal Type 63 Parallel Printers 64 User Groups 65 Structure 65 Example Company 65 Benefits 66 Creating Groups 67 I ndividual User Accou nts 69 Collecting Account Data 69 Creating Individual Accounts 70 Profile Files 72 The /etc/profile file 72 The .profile file 74 Modifying the Profile Files 74 /etc/profile 76 .profile 77 The /etc/rc/file 78 4. Modifying the XENIX Configuration 81 Introduction 81 Hardware 82 Terminals 82 Removing ________________________ 82 Adding ___________________________________ 83 User Information ___________________________ 83 Groups ______________________________ 83 R emovi n g __________________________ 83 Adding ______________________________ 85 Changing the Membership of an Existing Group _________ 85 I ndividual User Accou nts ____________________ 86 Removing _______________________________ 86 Adding __________________________________ 89 Allowing Access to Another Group ____________ 89 Changing a User's Login Group __________________ 89 Changing the Message of the Day ____________ 92 5. XENIX System Security ___________ 95 Introduction ________________________ 95 P hysi cal Secu rity ______________________ 95 Su per-User Password ____________________ 96 P rivi leges _________________________ 96 Confidentiality _________________________ 96 Restoring a Lost Super-User Password __________ 96 UseoftheRootAccount ____________________ 97 Changing __________________________________ 97 User Account Passwords _______________ 98 Encrypting Files ___________________________ 99 6. Maintaining the XENIX System ________ 103 Introduction ____________________________ 103 Periodic Maintenance Tasks _________________ 104 M ai ntai n i n g Free Space _________________ 104 Checking Free Space _______________ 104 Com batting Lack of Free Space _________________ 106 Messages to All Users ___________________ 106 Removing Temporary and core Files __________ 107 Clearing System log Files ______________ 107 Contacting Individual Users _____________ 108 Finding Large User Directories and Files ________ 109 Locati ng Unused Fi les __________________ 110 Sending Mail to Selected Users 110 System Backup 111 Strategy 111 Formatting Diskettes 112 Procedure - sysadmin 113 Listing the Contents of a Backup 115 Restoring a File from a Backup 116 Maintenance Schedule 120 Daily 120 Upon Arrival 120 Before Leaving 120 Periodic 120 System Problems 121 System Crash 121 Recovery 122 Fatal Damage 122 Non-fatal Damage 122 Nonechoing Terminal 123 Jammed Line Printer 123 Runaway Process 124 Forgotten Password 126 7. Effect of Additional Memory on Performance 127 Introduction 127 XENIX with Less Than 384K 128 XENIX with 384K or More of RAM 128 8. XENIX Basics 133 Introduction 133 XENIX Terminology 133 Getting Started 134 XENIX Shells 137 Individual User Environment 137 9. The XENIX File System 139 Introduction 139 Home Directory 139 Structure 140 Directories and Files 140 Full Path Names __________________ 141 SearchPaths ____________________ 142 Directories ____________________ 143 Displaying Directory Information ____________ 143 Changing Directories ________________ 145 Creating a Subdirectory _______________ 147 Removing a Subdirectory ______________ 148 Files _______________________ 148 I Creating a File __________________ 148 File Ownership __________________ 149 Changing File Ownership ______________ 149 Changing Access Permission _____________ 150 Changing User Ownership ______________ 150 Moving the Files _________________ 151 Changing Group Ownership _____________ 152 Restoring Access Permissions ____________ 152 Displaying File Contents _______________ 153 Copying Files ___________________ 154 Linking Files ___________________ 154 Removing a File __________________ 155 Advanced Topics __________________ 156 Creation Mask __________________ 156 Storing Information on Diskettes ____________ 160 Formatting Diskettes ________________ 160 Copying Specific Files _______________ 161 Note for the System Manager ____________ 163 10. XENIX Text Editors ____________ 165 Introduction ____________________ 165 ed - A Line Editor __________________ 166 Invoking ed ____________________ 166 Exiting ed ____________________ 167 ·Saving Edited Files _________________ 167 Finding the Currently Specified File __________ 168 Changing the Currently Specified File _________ 168 Moving Within a File ________________ 168 Mc:>ving to a Specific Line Number ___________ 169 Moving to the Last Line 169 Moving a Specific Number of Lines 170 Displaying the File 171 Adding Lines to a FHe 172 Appending 172 Inserting 173 Deleting Lines from a File 174 Replacing Lines of a File 175 Rearranging Lines Within a File 177 Marking a Line 177 Moving Lines 178 Transferring Lines 181 Joining Two Lines 182 Substitutions Within the Current Line 183 Special Characters 184 The Caret ( ") 185 The Dollar Sign ($) 186 The Period (.) 187 The Asterisk (*) 187 The Slash (I) 187 The Backslash ( \) 188 Substitutions on Multiple Lines 188 Searching a File 189 Forward Search 189 Backward Search 190 Search and Edit 190 Reverse Search and Edit 192 Interactive Search and Edit 192 Reverse I nteractive Search and Edit 193 Bringing Files into the Editing Buffer 193 Read 193 Edit 194 Undoing Editing Errors 195 Running Shell Commands from ed 195 Editing Scripts 196 Summary 197 vi - A Screen Editor 200 Entering vi 200 Simplest method 200 With a File Specified 201 Starting at a Specified Line Within a File 203 Recovering an Unsaved File After a System Crash 204 Modes 204 Command Mode 205 I nsert Mode 205 Escape Mode 205 Exiting vi 205 Exiting and Saving 206 Saving without Exiting 207 Exiting without Saving 208 Editing Another File 208 Executing a Shell Command 209 Scrolling 210 Forward 210 Backward 210 Moving the Cursor 210 By the Space 211 To the Beginning of the Current Line 211 To the End of the Current Line 211 To a Specific Column 211 By the Word 211 By the Line 212 Inserting Text 213 Before the Cursor 213 Before the First Character of the Current Line 214 After the Cursor 214 After the Last Character of the Current Line 215 At the Beginning of a New Line Below the Cu rrent Line 215 At the Beginning of a New Line Above the Current Line 216 Deleting Text 217 Deleting Characters Forward 217 Deleting Characters Backward 218 . Deleting Words 219 Deleting from the Beginning of the Line 221 Deleting to the End of a Line 222 Deleting Entire

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