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The School Sparrow The School Sparrow 1st Junior High School December 2015 of Xanthi Issue 7 INSIDE THIS ISSUE: School Activities 2 Recipes 3 Geography: Mount Everest 4 Nature and History: Lefkada 5 Sports: Parkour 6 Native American Code of Ethics 7 Science: Alan Turing-The father of Computer Science 8 Animals: Hachiko 10 The legend of brave Gelert 11 Poetry: T.S.Eliot-The Hollow Men 12 Foreign Languages: French 14 English: Idioms for class use 15 Learn English through pictures 16 Architecture: Strange Houses 18 Painting 20 Music 20 Puzzles 22 School activities On the 5th December 2015 a team of the 1st Junior Secondary School of Xanthi visited the Monastery of Panagia Kalamou. 2 Recipes CHRISTMAS SALAD Here’s a holiday favorite that we make almost every year without fail. Sometimes we add kiwi, sometimes we don’t. This year we doubled the strawberries. OH. MY. YUM. CREAM CHEESE FROSTING What we need 2 parts cheese Philadelphia type cream or mascarpone, eg 200 gr. 1 part of butter softened , not margarine, e.g., 100 gr. 1 part powdered sugar, e.g. 100 gr perfume vanilla (optional) How do we do it !!! 1. Beat butter in mixer until fluffy . 2. Mix the cream cheese with the icing sugar. 3. Add the cheese, butter and whisk briefly until sufficiently homogeneous. Ebru Palla—B4 3 Geography MOUNT EVEREST Mount Everest is part of the Himalayan mountain range in Asia. Standing at over 8.880 m. , it is the highest mountain in the world and also one of the youngest. Scientists believe the Hima- layan mountains were created millions of years ago when India, which was then a separate continent and Asia, crashed into each other. Mount Everest attracts every year many experienced mountaineers from all over the world. Irene Makri—B4 4 Nature and History THE ISLAND OF LEFKADA Lefkada is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. It has got wonderful beaches on the coasts and the most famous beaches of the island are Egremnoi, Porto Katsiki, Agios Nikitas, Ammoglossa and the beach of Passas. The history of the island The myth about Sappho's suicide at Cape Lefkada is related to other myths linking the island to the ancient Greek goddess of love, Aphrodite, and to Odysseus, the hero of Homer's Odyssey. The German archaeolo- gist Wilhelm Dörpfeld, having performed excavations at various loca- tions of Lefkada, was able to obtain funding to do work on the island by suggesting that Lefkada was Homer's Ithaca, and the palace of Odysseus was located west of Nydri on the south coast of Lefkada. There have been suggestions by local tourism officials that several passages in the Odyssey point to Lefkada as a possible model for Homeric Ithaca. Irene Makri - B4 5 Sports PARKOUR Parkour is a sport which was created in 1980 by a couple of teenagers in the streets of their Parisian neighbourhood. They were passionate about learning how to overcome any obstacles that they met on their way. It is a sport which gives you the ability to overcome your fears and control your mind and it is not a competitive spots, because there are no oppo- nents. No equipment is needed, but obviously strong trainers and com- fortable clothes should be worn. Irene Makri – B4 6 Native American Code Of Ethics The Native American culture is highly spiritual and places a great emphasis on the re- spect for Mother Earth, Father Sky, Grandfather Sun and Grandmother Moon as well as all living and non-living objects. 1. Rise with the sun to pray. Pray alone. Pray often. The Great Spirit will listen, if you only speak. 2. Be tolerant of those who are lost on their path. Ignorance, conceit, anger, jealousy and greed stem from a lost soul. Pray that they will find guidance. 3. Search for yourself, by yourself. Do not allow others to make your path for you. It is your road, and yours alone. Others may walk it with you, but no one can walk it for you. 4. Treat the guests in your home with much consideration. Serve them the best food, give them the best bed and treat them with respect and honor. 5. Do not take what is not yours whether from a person, a community, the wilder- ness or from a culture. It was not earned nor given. It is not yours. Source: http://themindunleashed.org 7 Science Alan Turing: The father of computer science General Info: guage. Turing machines, even though they may not seem that advanced today compared to Alan Turing is one of the most influential fig- modern technology, have actually been the ures of the 20th century. He played a signifi- first forms of computers. Back when the first cant role in the evolution of computers, as well as cryptology and Mathematics, which makes Turing machine was created, mathematicians him one of the greatest and smartest inven- all over the world thought it had inconceivable tors and scientists ever. His work can even be abilities and could easily solve any problem. considered as important as Einstein's. Even today, they are widely used to teach sim- ple mathematics. Life & education: Alan Mathison Turing was born on the 23rd of Work In Cryptology: June, 1912, in London. At the age of 6, he at- tended St Michael' s school, but switched to Having noticed his natural talent, the govern- Sherborne when he was 13 years old. At ment, during the 2nd World War, made him school, he had a friend, named Christopher work alongside a team of other scientists, in Morcom, who died of tuberculosis in 1930. order to break the German' s ciphering ma- Christopher was a figure that really inspired chine, the Enigma. After working rigorously Alan and urged him to continue his studies and for a number of years, he eventually managed researches. His death made Turing want to try to created “bombe”, which could decipher any even harder, as he thought that was what his message in a matter of seconds. This is by friend would want him to do. From an early many considered to be his greatest accom- age, Turing was capable of solving very ad- plishment. vanced mathematical problems, despite not knowing fundamental calculus. From 1931 to 1934, he was an undergraduate at King' s col- lege, Cambridge. Turing Machines: In 1931, Turing came up a machine-a Turing machine, as is referred to today- which re- ceives input and, by executing a specific algo- rithm, gives output. This was a response to Kurt Godel' s answer to the Entschei- A working Turing Machine dungsproblem (decision problem), who had thought of an arithmetic-based formal lan- 8 In 2009, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown publicly apologised for the mistreatment of Alan Turing and in 2012, Queen Elisabeth also apolo- gised for the same reason. Overall, Alan Turing is without a doubt, the fa- ther of computer science. With his ground- breaking work, he has set a hard act to follow for modern scientists who expect to be as influ- ential as him. Spiros Galanopoulos B1 A modern copy of Bombe Death: Alan Turing was homosexual, which was forbid- den during the 1940's. When the police found out about this secret of his, he committed sui- cide, by biting a contaminated apple on the 12th of June, 1954. In fact, Apple' s (Steve jobs' company) logo is based on this story. The Turing Test: Alan Turing also came up with a test, which can describe how reliable an AI is. Basically, a hu- man is placed in one room, communicating through a computer with another room. In the second room there is a robot or a human. The human of the first room has to talk through the computer with the person/ robot in the room and decide whether it is a human or not. If an AI manages to convince a certain amount of people that it is a real person, it is considered reliable enough to become widely used. The Turing award: In 1966, in order to show humanity' s apprecia- Alan Turing tion of Turing' s work, the Turing award is given every year to people who' s work is considered groundbreaking and influential for the evolution of the field of computer science. 9 Animals Hachiko The story of a faithful dog A Lesson in Eternal Friendship & Loyalty Hachiko was a loyal hound who became a hero in Japan and inspired a Hollywood movie. Hidesaburo Ueno, a professor of agricultural science at Tokyo Imperial University, always took the four o’clock train home from work and every day his dog, Hachiko, would be waiting for him on the platform at Shibuya station. When Professor Ueno died of a cerebral haem- orrhage in May 1925, in the middle of a lecture, his gardener, who inherited his house in the Kobayashi district, also adopted Hachiko, and for the next 10 years this golden-brown Akita would return to Shibuya station every day to meet the four o’clock train, hoping to see his beloved master again. In 1935, Hachiko’s body was found in a Tokyo street. His remains were stuffed, mounted and put on display in Japan’s National Science Museum. A bronze statue of the famous dog stands outside Shibuya station to this day, and he also has his own memorial by the side of his master’s grave in Aoyama cemetery. After the release of the American mov- ie "Hachi: A Dog's Tale" filmed in Woonsocket, RI, the Japanese Consulate in US helped the Blackstone Valley Tourism Council and the city of Woonsocket to unveil an identical statue of Hachiko at the Woonsocket Depot Square, which was the location of the "Bedridge" train station featured in the movie.
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