Education & Training in Telecoms
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De Telefoon Van Reis
De Telefoon van Reis 05-01-2016 Ontwerpopdracht profielwerkstuk van: Thomas Aleva & Nwankwo Hogervorst Inhoudsopgave Inleiding ........................................................................................................................... 3 Onderzoeksvraag ............................................................................................................................. 3 Johann Philipp Reis........................................................................................................................... 3 Globale werking van de telefoon van Reis ....................................................................................... 3 Globale werking van de telefoon van Bell ....................................................................................... 4 Het ontwerp ..................................................................................................................... 4 Ontwerpcyclus ................................................................................................................................. 5 Programma van eisen: ..................................................................................................................... 5 Deeloplossingen ............................................................................................................................... 6 Ontwerpvoorstel .............................................................................................................................. 6 Benodigdheden ............................................................................................................................... -
Early Forms of Long-Distance Communication
EARLY FORMS OF LONG-DISTANCE COMMUNICATION In this material, you will learn about Telegraphy, Telephone and GSM architecture Before the development of the electric telegraph in the 19th century revolutionized how information was transmitted across long distances, ancient civilizations such as those in China, Egypt and Greece used drumbeats or smoke signals to exchange information between far-flung points. However, such methods were limited by the weather and the need for an uninterrupted line of sight between receptor points. These limitations also lessened the effectiveness of the semaphore, a modern precursor to the electric telegraph. Developed in the early 1790s, the semaphore consisted of a series of hilltop stations that each had large movable arms to signal letters and numbers and two telescopes with which to see the other stations. Like ancient smoke signals, the semaphore was susceptible to weather and other factors that hindered visibility. A different method of transmitting information was needed to make regular and reliable long-distance communication workable. Did You Know? SOS, the internationally recognized distress signal, does not stand for any particular words. Instead, the letters were chosen because they are easy to transmit in Morse code: "S" is three dots, and "O" is three dashes. The Electric Telegraph In the early 19th century, two developments in the field of electricity opened the door to the production of the electric telegraph. First, in 1800, the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) invented the battery, which reliably stored an electric current and allowed the current to be used in a controlled environment. Second, in 1820, the Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) demonstrated the connection between electricity and magnetism by deflecting a magnetic needle with an electric current. -
Telephone Talking to Your Neighbor Hasn’T Always Been As Easy As Picking up the Receiver
INVENTIONS The Telephone Talking to your neighbor hasn’t always been as easy as picking up the receiver BY CATHERINE V.O. HOFFBERGER “Mr. Watson, come in here. I need you!” These historic words are as recognizable as Martin Luther King Jr.’s inspiring “I Have a Dream” and John F. Kennedy’s philosophical “Ask not what your country can do for you— ask what you can do for your country.” Uttered by one Alexander Graham Bell on March 7, 1876, this quote is remem- bered not for its eloquence or effect, but for what it represents: the invention of that great tool of everyday life, the Telephone. Bell, born in Scotland to a deaf mother in 1847, followed the professional footsteps of his father, uncle and grandfa- ther, all professors of elocution (the study of speaking). Young “Aleck,” a passionate elocutionist, specialized in teaching speech to the deaf. Telephony, the science of producing sound (‘phono’) electrically over distance (‘tele’), was the rage among Three weeks later, Mr. Watson famously heard Bell sum- 19th-century inventors. The telegraph, created in England moning him over its wires. As his was the first telephone in 1833 and soon improved by American Samuel Morse, to truly work and receive a patent, Bell was credited with accomplished that in staccato, on-and-off rhythms. By the the invention. mid-1800s, it was the world’s means of long-distance audi- Bell’s fledgling business sold just six telephones in its ble communication. Bell and other scientists across first month. But by 1891, the company, by then known as Europe and in the United States including Antonio AT&T (the Atlantic Telephone and Telegraph Co.), was Meucci, Johann Philipp Reis, Elisha Gray and Thomas operating some 5 million phones in America. -
The Evolution of Science-Fiction Films and Novels
2010 JUMP By Douglas Fenech, Christian Gradwohl & Jan Westren-Doll [DOES SCIENCE-FICTION PREDICT THE FUTURE??] [This research paper looks at a selection of science-fiction films and its connection with the progression of the television, the telephone and print media. It also analyzes statistical data obtained from a questionnaire conducted by the research group regarding communication media.] January 1, 2010 [DOES SCIENCE-FICTION PREDICT THE FUTURE OR CHANGE IT?] Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 Science-fiction filmmakers are not modern day Leonardo da Vinci’s…………………………………………5 Predictions of the future in science-fiction films and novels………………………………………………………6 History of the future………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8 The evolution of science-fiction films and novels.........................................................................11 A look into Television....................................................................................................................13 Mechanical Television.......................................................................................................13 Electronic Television.........................................................................................................14 Colour Television..............................................................................................................15 The Remote Control..........................................................................................................16 -
A Concise History of Fort Monmouth, New Jersey and the U.S
A CONCISE HISTORY OF FORT MONMOUTH, NEW JERSEY AND THE U.S. ARMY CECOM LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT COMMAND Prepared by the Staff of the CECOM LCMC Historical Office U.S. Army CECOM Life Cycle Management Command Fort Monmouth, New Jersey Fall 2009 Design and Layout by CTSC Visual Information Services, Myer Center Fort Monmouth, New Jersey Visit our Website: www.monmouth.army.mil/historian/ When asked to explain a loyalty that time had not been able to dim, one of the Camp Vail veterans said shyly, "The place sort of gets into your blood, especially when you have seen it grow from nothing into all this. It keeps growing and growing, and you want to be part of its growing pains." Many of the local communities have become very attached to Fort Monmouth because of the friendship instilled...not for just a war period but for as long as...Fort Monmouth...will inhabit Monmouth County. - From “A Brief History of the Beginnings of the Fort Monmouth Radio Laboratories,” Rebecca Klang, 1942 FOREWORD The name “Monmouth” has been synonymous with the defense of freedom since our country’s inception. Scientists, engineers, program managers, and logisticians here have delivered technological breakthroughs and advancements to our Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, Marines, and Coast Guardsmen for almost a century. These innovations have included the development of FM radio and radar, bouncing signals off the moon to prove the feasibility of extraterrestrial radio communication, the use of homing pigeons through the late-1950s, frequency hopping tactical radios, and today’s networking capabilities supporting our troops in Overseas Contingency Operations. -
The Ieee North Jersey Section Newsletter
1 PUBLICATION OF THE NORTH JERSEY SECTION OF THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS THE IEEE NORTH JERSEY SECTION NEWSLETTER Vol. 60, No. 2 FEBRUARY 2013 Calendar of Events • February 6, 10:30 AM to 4:30 PM: FCC Workshop on Network Resiliency Read More… Location: Brooklyn Law School, 22nd floor, Forchelli Center, Feil Hall, 205 State Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201, Getting to Brooklyn Law School NY Contact: Prof. Henning Schulzrinne, CTO, FCC and/or Adriaan J. van Wijngaarden, ([email protected]) • February 6, 5:00 PM to 7:00 PM: AP/MTT - The Evolution of Low Noise Devices and Amplifiers - Dr. Edward Niehenke of Niehenke Consulting Read More… Location: NJIT - ECE 202, 161 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 Getting to NJIT Contact: Dr. Ajay Kumar Poddar (201)-560-3806, ([email protected]), Prof. Edip Niver (973)596-3542, ([email protected]) • February 6, 6:00 PM to 8:45 PM: IEEE North Jersey Section EXCOM meeting - Clifton, NJ Read More… Location: Clifton Public Library - Allwood Branch, Activity Room, 44 Lyall Road, Clifton, NJ 07012, Getting to Clifton Library Contact: Russell Pepe ([email protected]), Chris Peckham [email protected] and/or Adriaan J. van Wijngaarden, ([email protected]) • February 8, 9:00 AM to 2:00 PM: The PES and IAS Chapters: Batteries - Andrew Sagl of Megger Read More… Location: PSE&G - Hadley Road Facility, Auditorium, 4000 Hadley Road, South Plainfield, NJ 07080 Getting to PSE&G Contact: Ronald W. Quade, P.E ([email protected]), Ken Oexle ([email protected]) • February 12, 6:00 PM to 7:30 PM IEEE Control System Society - Feedback, Control and Dynamic Networks – Prof. -
The Telephone and Its Several Inventors
The History of Telecommunications The Telephone and its Several Inventors by Wim van Etten 1/36 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Bell and his invention 3. Bell Telephone Company (BTC) 4. Lawsuits 5. Developments in Europe and the Netherlands 6. Telephone sets 7. Telephone cables 8. Telephone switching 9. Liberalization 10. Conclusion 2/36 Reis • German physicist and school master • 1861: vibrating membrane touched needle; reproduction of sound by needle connected to electromagnet hitting wooden box • several great scientists witnessed his results • transmission of articulated speech could not be demonstrated in court • submitted publication to Annalen der Physik: refused • later on he was invited to publish; then he refused • ended his physical experiments as a poor, disappointed man Johann Philipp Reis 1834-1874 • invention not patented 3/36 The telephone patent 1876: February 14, Alexander Graham Bell applies patent “Improvement in Telegraphy”; patented March 7, 1876 Most valuable patent ever issued ! 4/36 Bell’s first experiments 5/36 Alexander Graham Bell • born in Scotland 1847 • father, grandfather and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech • his father developed a system of “Visible Speech” • was an expert in learning deaf-mute to “speak” • met Wheatstone and Helmholtz • when 2 brothers died of tuberculosis parents emigrated to Canada • 1873: professor of Vocal Physiology and Elocution at the Boston University School of Oratory: US citizen Alexander Graham Bell • 1875: started experimenting with “musical” telegraphy (1847-1922) • had a vision to transmit voice over telegraph wires 6/36 Bell (continued) • left Boston University to spent more time to experiments • 2 important deaf-mute pupils left: Georgie Sanders and Mabel Hubbard • used basement of Sanders’ house for experiments • Sanders and Hubbard gave financial support, provided he would abandon telephone experiments • Henry encouraged to go on with it • Thomas Watson became his assistant • March 10, 1876: “Mr. -
ODNOS ČETRTOŠOLCEV DO MOBILNIH TELEFONOV Raziskovalna Naloga Področje: Sociologija
OŠ Brinje Grosuplje Ljubljanska cesta 40a ODNOS ČETRTOŠOLCEV DO MOBILNIH TELEFONOV Raziskovalna naloga Področje: Sociologija Avtorja: Lučka Perme, Liza Završan in Zoja Gal – Šehić; 4. b Mentorici: Vanja Resnik, Maja Zajec Grosuplje, marec 2020 1 KAZALO 1 UVOD _______________________________________________________________________ 3 2 TEORETIČNI DEL _______________________________________________________________ 4 2.1 KAJ JE TELEFON? __________________________________________________________ 4 2.2 ZGODOVINA TELEFONOV ___________________________________________________ 4 2. 3 SEVANJE MOBILNEGA TELEFONA _____________________________________________ 5 2. 4 MOBILNI TELEFONI V ŠOLI ___________________________________________________ 6 2. 5 ZASVOJENOST _____________________________________________________________ 7 2. 6 HIPOTEZE ________________________________________________________________ 8 3 EMPIRIČNI DEL ________________________________________________________________ 9 3. 1 METODA _________________________________________________________________ 9 3. 2 REZULTATI __________________________________________________________________ 9 4 ZAKLJUČEK __________________________________________________________________ 14 5 LITERATURA _________________________________________________________________ 15 6 PRILOGE ____________________________________________________________________ 16 2 POVZETEK To temo smo si izbrale, ker ima danes že praktično vsak človek svoj mobilni telefon, nas pa je zanimalo, kakšno je stanje pri učencih 4. razredov. V raziskavi -
5. on Being First
5. On Being First The postage stamp is a unique kind of sign, with an impressive capacity to convey a number of messages in a very confined space (Child, 2008). In the previous chapter I have been able to review the use of stamps to deliver political messages. In this chapter, I look at how the representation of scientists on stamps has developed over time and investigate examples of stamps being used as the vehicle to substantiate ‘firsts’ in science. On being first Robert Merton’s “Priorities in Scientific Discovery” (1957) discusses the way that science is structured, noting the importance attached to the date of a discovery and the world’s acknowledgement of the achievement. Disputes are commonplace regarding such recognition, and Merton states that it is more likely that the case will be argued by the institution than the scientist. The scientist will often accept that science is a developing understanding of the world and that many research projects are conducted in parallel. The establishment, here in the form of postal authorities, in some cases as an agency of government, enters the fray of controversy in the very public arena of stamp issue. Merton’s comments on being first are reiterated by Collins and Pinch: Moreover, the mass media may be used by scientists as platforms to assure their priority in discovery – a well known phenomenon in the sociology of science (Collins and Pinch, 1998, p. 142). Within the context of this study, I anticipate that it is a national institution, the postal authority, representing the aims and ambitions of the state, that chooses to honour specific scientists. -
Adaptive Neural Signal Detection for Massive MIMO Mehrdad Khani, Mohammad Alizadeh, Jakob Hoydis, Senior Member, IEEE, Phil Fleming, Senior Member, IEEE
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TWC.2020.2996144, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 1 Adaptive Neural Signal Detection for Massive MIMO Mehrdad Khani, Mohammad Alizadeh, Jakob Hoydis, Senior Member, IEEE, Phil Fleming, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—Traditional symbol detection algorithms either per- In recent work, researchers have proposed several learning form poorly or are impractical to implement for Massive approaches for MIMO signal detection. Samuel et al. [8, 9] Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. Recently, sev- achieved impressive results with a deep neural network ar- eral learning-based approaches have achieved promising results on simple channel models (e.g., i.i.d. Gaussian channel coeffi- chitecture called DetNet, e.g., matching the performance of cients), but as we show, their performance degrades on real-world a semidefinite relaxation (SDR) baseline for independent and channels with spatial correlation. We propose MMNet, a deep identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian channel matrices while learning MIMO detection scheme that significantly outperforms running 30× faster. He et al. [10] introduced OAMPNet, existing approaches on realistic channels with the same or lower a model inspired by the Orthogonal AMP algorithm [11], computational complexity. MMNet’s design builds on the theory of iterative soft-thresholding algorithms, and uses a novel training and demonstrated strong performance on both i.i.d. Gaussian algorithm that leverages temporal and spectral correlation in and small-sized correlated channel matrices based on the real channels to accelerate training. -
History in the Computing Curriculum 6000 BC to 1899 AD
History in the Computing Curriculum Appendix A1 6000 BC to 1899 AD 6000 B.C. [ca]: Ishango bone type of tally stick in use. (w) 4000-1200 B.C.: Inhabitants of the first known civilization in Sumer keep records of commercial transactions on clay tablets. (e) 3000 B.C.: The abacus is invented in Babylonia. (e) 1800 B.C.: Well-developed additive number system in use in Egypt. (w) 1300 B.C.: Direct evidence exists as to the Chinese using a positional number system. (w) 600 B.C. [ca.]: Major developments start to take place in Chinese arithmetic. (w) 250-230 B.C.: The Sieve of Eratosthenes is used to determine prime numbers. (e) 213 B.C.: Chi-Hwang-ti orders all books in China to be burned and scholars to be put to death. (w) 79 A.D. [ca.]: "Antikythera Device," when set correctly according to latitude and day of the week, gives alternating 29- and 30-day lunar months. (e) 800 [ca.]: Chinese start to use a zero, probably introduced from India. (w) 850 [ca.]: Al-Khowarizmi publishes his "Arithmetic." (w) 1000 [ca.]: Gerbert describes an abacus using apices. (w) 1120: Adelard of Bath publishes "Dixit Algorismi," his translation of Al-Khowarizmi's "Arithmetic." (w) 1200: First minted jetons appear in Italy. (w) 1202: Fibonacci publishes his "Liber Abaci." (w) 1220: Alexander De Villa Dei publishes "Carmen de Algorismo." (w) 1250: Sacrobosco publishes his "Algorismus Vulgaris." (w) 1300 [ca.]: Modern wire-and-bead abacus replaces the older Chinese calculating rods. (e,w) 1392: Geoffrey Chaucer publishes the first English-language description on the uses of an astrolabe. -
Telephone Quiz: Questions and Answers
kupidonia.com Telephone Quiz: questions and answers Telephone Quiz: questions and answers - 1 / 4 kupidonia.com 1. What is telephone? A device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation A system for the transmission and reception of images and sound An electronic device used to perform a remote operation on a machine 2. Who invented the world's first telephone? Antonio Meucci Elisha Gray Alexander Graham Bell 3. Who was the first to be granted a U.S. patent for the device that produces a clearly intelligible replication of the human voice? Charles Bourseul Alexander Graham Bell Innocenzo Manzetti 4. What are the essential elements of a telephone? Microphone and earphone Cable and electricity Buttons 5. In which year was the Advance Mobile Phone System (AMPS) launched? 1973 1970 Telephone Quiz: questions and answers - 2 / 4 kupidonia.com 1983 6. What has been the trend for mobile phones since 1999? Efficient phones Smartphones Special phones 7. When did the first successful telephone transmission using a liquid transmitter take place? January 30, 1877 February 19, 1876 March 10, 1876 8. What is a lineman's handset? A telephone that allows long-distance calls A device used to repair the phone A special type of telephone used by technicians for installing and testing local loop telephone lines 9. In telecommunications, what does POTS mean? Permanent Old Telephone Service Plain Old Telephone Service Permanent Out Telephone Services 10. When was the transistor invented? 1974 1947 1946 Telephone Quiz: questions and answers - 3 / 4 kupidonia.com Telephone Quiz: questions and answers Right answers 1.