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Natural Farming System Sustainability of Paddy Fields in Morotai Island Regency Ranita Rope1, Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo2, Masyhuri2, Lestari Rahayu Waluyati2

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Natural Farming System Sustainability of Paddy Fields in Morotai Island Regency Ranita Rope1, Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo2, Masyhuri2, Lestari Rahayu Waluyati2 International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-4, Issue-3, May-Jun- 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/4.3.26 ISSN: 2456-1878 Natural Farming System Sustainability of Paddy Fields in Morotai Island Regency Ranita Rope1, Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo2, Masyhuri2, Lestari rahayu Waluyati2 1Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Maluku Ternate, Indonesia 2Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia Abstract— Various parties intensively conduct the externalities. Various problems occur due to green increasing awareness trend and mindset change on revolution technology, that isenvironmental resources environmental and healthy food consumption patterns. The damage problem, watertight agricultural land, human environmental resources damage problem, watertight health, unhealthy food, and contribute to global warming agricultural land, human health, unhealthy food, and in aggregate have an impact on inequality in diversity, contributes to global warming and in aggregate has an sovereignty, independence and sustainability of food impact on diversity, sovereignty, independence and sources. sustainability of food sources.Back to nature is a Mindset changes and increasing awareness trends of developed solution to overcome the negative externalities an environment and healthy food consumption patterns are various effects. These research conducted to assessing intensively carried out by various parties. Back to nature is natural paddy fields farming systems sustainability as a a developed solution to overcome the negative natural local food source in Morotai Island Regency.The externalities variety due to environmental damage and analysis method using indicator basis was adapted from unhealthy food. Saragih (2016) explained that global the Sustainability Assessment of Farming and the warmingconcerns threat, hungercatastrophe, and food Environment (SAFE) model and the Farmers security continue to be discussed. The Global Hunger Sustainability Index (FSI) model on 200 respondents Index report (2016), there are 795 million people (10.6% samples. The results explain that the natural farming of the earth's population) sleeping hungry. On the other system of paddy fields sustainable on economic, hand, WHO states that 1.6 billion people who are socio-cultural and environmental dimensions. There are overweight and 600 million obese people. These means assessment indicators attributes which are full local that hunger occurs not because of insufficient food wisdom of economic, socio-cultural and environmental production throughout the world, but due to inequality in dimensions based on farmers and regions specific food distribution, inability to produce due to the lack of indicators in determining sustainability of paddy field land to plant and the failure to buy healthy food. natural farming system level holistically.Therefore, the Supporting world orientation changes to increase novelty of these study is that the natural farming system is food availability is no longer affected by quantity trends a world agricultural tradition that has been crushed by productivity but instead on food production quality sources. agricultural globalization but is still sustainable in Wigenasantana and Waluyo (1991) had voiced the natural Morotai Island Regency and has sustainability indicators farming system as the best alternative agricultural system which are full specific farmers and regions local wisdom. in Indonesia. The natural paddy farming system is one of Keywords— Sustainability index, local wisdom, natural the oldest farming systems in the world. Originally a farming system, paddy fields, Morotai Island. primitive agricultural system developed into a system of shifting, subsistence farming, as known as the dry land I. INTRODUCTION traditional farming system and was crushed by agriculture Starting from population theory of Malthus that globalization. Fukuoka (1978) has introduced the concept population growth is faster than food availability, so of natural agriculture, both vegetables, beans, paddy field, famine disasterfears encourage experts to find a solution. rye, and others. Further explained by Fukuoka that natural Various agricultural systems are developed, one of which farming systems are holistic agricultural systems. is green revolution technology known as inorganic The natural agricultural system principle implies that (conventional) farming systems. Studies that are not natural power can regulate plant growth. There are four holistic and mature give rise to a variety of negative basic principles in developing the natural farming system www.ijeab.com Page | 778 International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-4, Issue-3, May-Jun- 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/4.3.26 ISSN: 2456-1878 according to Fukuoka (1978), that is; 1)without-tillage; 2) cloves, nutmeg, chocolate, coffee, and others are farming do not use fertilizers, herbicides and synthetic chemical concepts known as Raki or plantations which also means pesticides; 3) don't use hybrid seeds. Land naturally investment or farmer's family future life assets. Seasonal developed does not respond to hybrid seeds, so it must use plants such as food secondary crops, tubers, and vegetables local seeds; 4)do not do intensive irrigation water. are fulfillingsource non-market-oriented daily Explained by Rope and Umasugi(2014) that the paddy consumption needs that are subsistently lived. These were fields natural farming system developed in Morotai Island done from generation to generation as explained by Bareta Regency is used without any fertilizer. The average (1917) that the cultivation system developed in Halmahera production reaches 4.5 tons, economically efficient and Morotai was not adhering to the plantation method. So because it uses seed inputs and labor. that, it is not known the profit or loss in paddy field Based on developing the natural agricultural system farming. The farming communities are mixed social principles by farmers on Morotai Island, it has low organization entities in social structures because the productivity but is thought more sustainable in meeting communities have many relationships with various social farmer householdfood needs. The sustainability organizations (Rouf et al., 2015). Families, groups, allegations of natural paddy fields farming systems are kins man, households and homes, and others are farming related to several important things, among others; 1)the communityelements. The traditional farming communities farming has characteristics of tropical forest dryland characteristics using manual labor, individual production ecosystems, meaning that paddy fields developed resistant facilities, the unplanned division of labor, readily available to drought; 2)economically efficient, because it minimizes land, from families and using natural raw materials and external inputs, and maximizes internal inputs; 3) autonomyachieving. preservation of local seedsqualityvariety, where the best Empirically, the natural farming solution to maintain genetic authenticity of seeds variety to systemscharacteristics are farmers have Bariwisdom or be preserved in their original habitat; 4)having initial cooperation when planting paddy fields and profit sharing knowledge and social traditions with mutual cooperation during harvesting activities (Rope, 2013). There is culture and joint harvesting in the future time dimension so socio-cultural wisdom of economic value. The it not only measures short-term but long-term interests; BariWisdom can overcome labor shortages experienced and 5) allegedly as the natural and nutritious food source by the agricultural sector, especially for planting workers can meet farmer households food needs and easy access to who require a considerable amount of labor and without reach specific communities in the border area, because as wages. Likewise at harvestingstage activities taken during an area that requires high transportation costs to supply harvests for months due to traditional harvesting tools used, rice products from regionoutside. Thus the sustainability but with shared harvesting wisdom and profit sharing research of natural paddy fields farming systems in being a solution without expensive technology capital can Morotai Island District is essential to be preserved. meet harvest labor needs and is socio-cultural wisdom economical regarding meeting fellow food needs. Every II. LITERATURE REVIEW human being is responsible for other human food needs Economic and Social Culture Values of Farmers (Creswel and Martin, 1998). The farmer's phenomenon and the non-market-oriented agricultural system still applies today Agricultural SystemsSustainability natural farming systemsregional communities, when Various sustainability studies have been conducted. information and technology access has developed rapidly, Sustainability measurementis very complicated. The but changes in agricultural globalization do not crush measuring is not measurable: sustainability index survey paddy fields natural farming system farmers' perception. (Bohringer and Jochem, 2007). Reviewing 11 Paddy field is not commercialized because there is a strong sustainability index methods to measure sustainability socio-economic value of farmers' culture as life culture. indexes, but failing to fulfill the study based on scientific These phenomenon affected by farmers' perceptions of criteria. The development trend that requires sustainability their farming lives. In Galela farmers, North
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