DOCSLIB.ORG

Conserving Wild Fish in a Sea of Market-Based Efforts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Conserving Wild Fish in a Sea of Market-Based Efforts The International Journal of Conservation www.oryxthejournal.org Volume 44 · Number 1 January 2010 Oryx 1 Do we need to develop a more relevant conservation 97 Evaluating mortality sources for the Vulnerable pudu literature? E.J. Milner-Gulland, Martin Fisher, Pudu puda in Chile: implications for the conservation of a Stephen Browne, Kent H. Redford, Marjorie Spencer threatened deer, Eduardo A. Silva-Rodríguez, Claudio and William J. Sutherland Verdugo, O. Alejandro Aleuy, James G. Sanderson, Gabriel R. 3 Briefly Ortega-Solís, Felipe Osorio-Zúñiga and Daniel 44 · 1 Number · Volume January 2010 1-152 · pp. www.oryxthejournal.org 13 Conservation news González-Acuña 16 Letters 104 Density of the Near Threatened jaguar Panthera onca Published for Fauna & Flora International January 2010 · Volume 44 · Number 1 in the caatinga of north-eastern Brazil, Leandro Silveira, Invasive species and conservation Anah T.A. Jácomo, Samuel Astete, Rahel Sollmann, 20 The eradication of feral cats from Ascension Island Natália M. Tôrres, Mariana M. Furtado and Jader and its subsequent recolonization by seabirds, Norman Marinho-Filho Ratcliffe, Mike Bell, Tara Pelembe, Dave Boyle, Raymond 110 Short Communication The Near Threatened Tucumán Conserving wild fish Benjamin, Richard White, Brendan Godley, Jim Stevenson parrot Amazona tucumana in Bolivia: insights for a A sea of market-based efforts and Sarah Sanders global assessment, Luis Rivera, Raul Rojas Llanos, 30 Eradication of black rats Rattus rattus from Anacapa Natalia Politi, Bennett Hennessey and Enrique H. Bucher Invasive species and conservation Island, Gregg Howald, C. Josh Donlan, Kate R. Faulkner, 114 Short Communication Endemic Ecuadorian glassfrog Cats, rats and ferrets Steve Ortega, Holly Gellerman, Donald A. Croll and Cochranella mache is Critically Endangered because of Bernie R. Tershy habitat loss, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, Jesse Delia, Mario Fiji 41 Short Communication A new invasive species in the H. Yánez-Muñoz and H. Mauricio Ortega-Andrade Priority Forests for Conservation Canary Islands: a naturalized population of ferrets 118 Sacred sites as hotspots for biodiversity: the Three Sisters Mustela furo in La Palma Biosphere Reserve, Félix M. Cave complex in coastal Kenya, Kristian Metcalfe, Richard The 2004 tsunami Medina and Aurelio Martín Ffrench-Constant and Ian Gordon Impact on the Nicobar megapode 124 Survey of Raphia swamp forest, Republic of Congo, 45 Conserving wild fish in a sea of market-based efforts, indicates high densities of Critically Endangered Recovery of the giant otter Jennifer Jacquet, John Hocevar, Sherman Lai, Patricia western lowland gorillas Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Hugo J. A success story for CITES Majluf, Nathan Pelletier, Tony Pitcher, Enric Sala, Rashid Rainey, Fortuné C. Iyenguet, Guy-Aimé F. Malanda, Bola Sumaila and Daniel Pauly Madzoké, Domingos Dos Santos, Emma J. Stokes, Fiona Sacred sites as hotspots 57 Priority Forests for Conservation in Fiji: landscapes, Maisels and Samantha Strindberg Three Sisters Cave complex in Kenya hotspots and ecological processes, David Olson, Linda 133 Decline of the Endangered Barbary macaque Macaca Farley, Alex Patrick, Dick Watling, Marika Tuiwawa, sylvanus in the cedar forest of the Middle Atlas Reducing human–elephant conflict Vilikesa Masibalavu, Lemeki Lenoa, Alivereti Bogiva, Mountains, Morocco, Els van Lavieren and Serge A. Wich Do chillies help? Ingrid Qauqau, James Atherton, Akanisi Caginitoba, 139 Reducing human–elephant conflict: do chillies help deter Moala Tokota’a, Sunil Prasad, Waisea Naisilisili, Alipate elephants from entering crop fields? Simon Hedges and Raikabula, Kinikoto Mailautoka, Craig Morley and Thomas Donny Gunaryadi Allnutt 147 Peat swamp forest supports high primate densities on 71 Impact of the 2004 tsunami on the Vulnerable Nicobar Siberut Island, Sumatra, Indonesia, Marcel C. Quinten, megapode Megapodius nicobariensis, K. Sivakumar Matthias Waltert, Fauzan Syamsuri and J. Keith Hodges 79 Short Communication Mapping terrestrial anthropogenic degradation on the inhabited islands of the Galapagos 152 Meetings Archipelago, James Watson, Mandy Trueman, Marta Tufet, Scott Henderson and Rachel Atkinson Cover Fish consumption is rising and conservation groups 83 Recovery of the Endangered giant otter Pteronura have put considerable effort into educating consumers and brasiliensis on the Yavarí-Mirín and Yavarí Rivers: a changing consumption patterns, including use of labels such success story for CITES, Maribel Recharte Uscamaita as ‘dolphin-safe’ tuna. To reduce overfishing and encourage and Richard Bodmer sustainable fishing practices new market-based tools are 89 Hunting and the conservation of a social ungulate: now being used. However, consumer confusion and lack of the white-lipped peccary Tayassu pecari in Calakmul, traceability and demonstrably improved conservation status Mexico, Rafael Reyna-Hurtado, Eduardo Naranjo, Colin may be impeding further progress. For further details see A. Chapman and George W. Tanner pages 45–56. (Photograph © B.S.P.I./Corbis). Supported by !"#$%&'()*+$, -*(%)+.&/*()0&1*(2&3$4452676/$% 1(*$,.,&67%&(.8$*&+(7.*(44$%&,()*+$, 33391,+9(*/&&&:$*.&7(9&;;5:<:5==>?@A B&CAA@&D(*$,.&'.$36*%,8"0&:()7+"4 Conserving wild fish in a sea of market-based efforts J ennifer J a c q u e t ,John H ocevar,Sh e r m a n L ai,Pa t r i c i a M ajluf,Nathan P elletier,Tony P itcher,Enric S a l a ,Ra s h i d S u m a i l a and D aniel P auly Abstract Over the past decade conservation groups have put Introduction considerable effort into educating consumers and chang- ing patterns of household consumption. Many groups aim- ish consumption is on the rise globally. The USA now ing to reduce overfishing and encourage sustainable fishing Fconsumes almost five times more fish than it did 100 practices have turned to new market-based tools, including years ago (c. 2.2 million t in 2004 vs c. 500,000 t in 1910; consumer awareness campaigns and seafood certification NMFS, 2006), and Chinese consumers are now consuming almost five times more seafood per capita than they did in schemes (e.g. the Marine Stewardship Council) that have -1 -1 been well received by the fishing and fish marketing in- 1961 (25.4 kg person in 2005 vs 4.8 kg person in 1961; dustries and by the public in many western countries. Here, Halweil, 2006). Worldwide, per capita consumption of we review difficulties that may impede further progress, such marine fishes has nearly doubled since the 1960s(9 kg as consumer confusion, lack of traceability and a lack of in the 1960s vs 16 kg in 1997; WHO, 2006) while the human demonstrably improved conservation status for the fish that population also doubled over this same time period. Future are meant to be protected. Despite these issues, market- projections show that seafood supply from capture fisheries based initiatives may have a place in fisheries conservation is decreasing and that, overall, today’s marine fisheries are in raising awareness among consumers and in encouraging unsustainable (Pauly et al., 2002; Worm et al., 2006). suppliers to adopt better practices. We also present several To meet predicted demands for seafood by 2020 aqua- additional avenues for market-based conservation measures culture production will need to double. Alternatively, how that may strengthen or complement current initiatives, such and for what we fish (e.g. low trophic–level species for as working higher in the demand chain, connecting seafood which there exists a far greater amount of biomass available security to climate change via life cycle analysis, diverting for consumption) will require reform (Pitcher, 2008). Be- small fish away from the fishmeal industry into human food cause the growing demand for seafood has been implicated markets, and the elimination of fisheries subsidies. Finally, as in the marine fisheries crisis, it is appropriate that some ef- was done with greenhouse gas emissions, scientists, conser- fort be directed at reforming the human appetite (Grescoe, vation groups and governments should set seafood con- 2008). So far, this reform has largely manifested itself in sumption targets. a host of market efforts to encourage what is popularly referred to as ‘sustainable seafood’, the meaning of which is Keywords Consumption targets, effectiveness, fisheries generally broad, covering ecologically responsible fishing subsidies, fishmeal, life cycle analysis, Marine Stewardship that minimizes the bycatch of non-target species and brings Council, sustainable seafood, traceability acceptable levels of ecosystem and environmental impacts. Here we aim to provide an overview of these initiatives, expand upon Jacquet & Pauly (2007) in reviewing common difficulties, and present several possible avenues for im- proving market-based approaches to conserve wild fish. JENNIFER JACQUET (Corresponding author), SHERMAN LAI and DANIEL PAULY Sea Around Us Project, University of British Columbia Fisheries Centre, Overview of market-based sustainable seafood 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4. E-mail initiatives for marine capture fisheries [email protected] JOHN HOCEVAR Greenpeace USA, Washington, DC, USA. Marine capture fisheries peaked in the late 1980s (Watson & PATRICIA MAJLUF Center for Environmental Sustainability, Cayetano He- Pauly, 2001), although the problem was not realized until the redia University, Lima, Peru. early 1990s. The first major seafood campaign was the boy- NATHAN PELLETIER School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dal- cott of canned tuna in the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES and RESPONSIBLE AQUACULTURE: a Guide for USAID Staff and Partners
    SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES AND RESPONSIBLE AQUACULTURE: A Guide for USAID Staff and Partners June 2013 ABOUT THIS GUIDE GOAL This guide provides basic information on how to design programs to reform capture fisheries (also referred to as “wild” fisheries) and aquaculture sectors to ensure sound and effective development, environmental sustainability, economic profitability, and social responsibility. To achieve these objectives, this document focuses on ways to reduce the threats to biodiversity and ecosystem productivity through improved governance and more integrated planning and management practices. In the face of food insecurity, global climate change, and increasing population pressures, it is imperative that development programs help to maintain ecosystem resilience and the multiple goods and services that ecosystems provide. Conserving biodiversity and ecosystem functions are central to maintaining ecosystem integrity, health, and productivity. The intent of the guide is not to suggest that fisheries and aquaculture are interchangeable: these sectors are unique although linked. The world cannot afford to neglect global fisheries and expect aquaculture to fill that void. Global food security will not be achievable without reversing the decline of fisheries, restoring fisheries productivity, and moving towards more environmentally friendly and responsible aquaculture. There is a need for reform in both fisheries and aquaculture to reduce their environmental and social impacts. USAID’s experience has shown that well-designed programs can reform capture fisheries management, reducing threats to biodiversity while leading to increased productivity, incomes, and livelihoods. Agency programs have focused on an ecosystem-based approach to management in conjunction with improved governance, secure tenure and access to resources, and the application of modern management practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Seafood Group Project Final Report
    University of California, Santa Barbara Bren School of Environmental Science and Management From Sea to Table: Recommendations for Tracing Seafood 2010 Group Project Jamie Gibbon Connor Hastings Tucker Hirsch Kristen Hislop Eric Stevens Faculty Advisors: Hunter Lenihan John Melack Client: Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Sustainable Seafood Initiative From Sea to Table: Recommendations for Tracing Seafood From Sea to Table: Recommendations for Tracing Seafood As authors of this Group Project report, we are proud to archive this report on the Bren School’s website such that the results of our research are available for all to read. Our signatures on the document signify our joint responsibility to fulfill the archiving standards set by the Bren School of Environmental Science & Management. Jamie Gibbon Connor Hastings Tucker Hirsch Kristen Hislop Eric Stevens The mission of the Bren School of Environmental Science & Management is to produce professionals with unrivaled training in environmental science and management who will devote their unique skills to the diagnosis, assessment, mitigation, prevention, and remedy of the environmental problems of today and the future. A guiding principal of the School is that the analysis of environmental problems requires quantitative training in more than one discipline and an awareness of the physical, biological, social, political, and economic consequences that arise from scientific or technological decisions. The Group Project is required of all students in the Master’s of Environmental Science and Management (MESM) Program. It is a three-quarter activity in which small groups of students conduct focused, interdisciplinary research on the scientific, management, and policy dimensions of a specific environmental issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Red Mullet Mullus Surmuletus
    AND Red Mullet Mullus surmuletus United Kingdom, Cornwall Bottom Gillnet, Bottom Trawl, Beam Trawl June 5, 2017 The Safina Center Seafood Analysts Disclaimer Seafood Watch and The Safina Center strive to ensure that all our Seafood Reports and recommendations contained therein are accurate and reflect the most up-to-date evidence available at the time of publication. All our reports are peer-reviewed for accuracy and completeness by external scientists with expertise in ecology, fisheries science or aquaculture. Scientific review, however, does not constitute an endorsement of the Seafood Watch program or of The Safina Center or their recommendations on the part of the reviewing scientists. Seafood Watch and The Safina Center are solely responsible for the conclusions reached in this report. We always welcome additional or updated data that can be used for the next revision. 1 Table of Contents About The Safina Center ................................................................................................................. 3 About Seafood Watch® ................................................................................................................... 4 Guiding Principles ........................................................................................................................... 5 Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Thailand's Shrimp Culture Growing
    Foreign Fishery Developments BURMA ':.. VIET­ ,' . .' NAM LAOS .............. Thailand's Shrimp ...... Culture Growing THAI LAND ,... ~samut Sangkhram :. ~amut Sakorn Pond cultivation ofblacktigerprawns, khlaarea. Songkhla's National Institute '. \ \ Bangkok........· Penaeus monodon, has brought sweep­ ofCoastal Aquaculture (NICA) has pro­ , ••~ Samut prokan ing economic change over the last2 years vided the technological foundation for the to the coastal areas of Songkhla and establishment of shrimp culture in this Nakhon Si Thammarat on the Malaysian area. Since 1982, NICA has operated a Peninsula (Fig. 1). Large, vertically inte­ large shrimp hatchery where wild brood grated aquaculture companies and small­ stock are reared on high-quality feeds in .... Gulf of () VIET­ scale rice farmers alike have invested optimum water temperature and salinity NAM heavily in the transformation of paddy conditions. The initial buyers ofNICA' s Thailand fields into semi-intensive ponds for shrimp postlarvae (pI) were small-scale Nakhon Si Thammarat shrimp raising. Theyhave alsodeveloped shrimp farmers surrounding Songkhla • Hua Sai Songkhla an impressive infrastructure ofelectrical Lake. .. Hot Yai and water supplies, feeder roads, shrimp Andaman hatcheries, shrimp nurseries, feed mills, Background Sea cold storage, and processing plants. Thailand's shrimp culture industry is Located within an hour's drive ofSong­ the fastest growing in Southeast Asia. In khla's new deep-waterport, the burgeon­ only 5 years, Thailand has outstripped its Figure 1.-Thailand and its major shrimp ing shrimp industry will have direct competitors to become the region's num­ culture area. access to international markets. Despite ber one producer. Thai shrimp harvests a price slump since May 1989, expansion in 1988 reached 55,000 metric tons (t), onall fronts-production, processingand a 320 percent increase over the 13,000 t marketing-continues at a feverish pace.
    [Show full text]
  • Production System Design and Best Management Alternatives
    Research Project Investigations: Production System Design and Best Management Alternatives DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-COST AQUAPONIC SYSTEMS FOR KENYA- PART I Production System Design and Best Management Alternatives/Experiment/13BMA05AU Julius O. Manyala1, Kevin Fitzsimmons2, Charles Ngugi3, Josiah Ani1, and Elizabeth Obado1 1University of Eldoret, Kenya 2University of Arizona, USA 3Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya ABSTRACT The activities of the University of Eldoret involved the designing and testing of small-scale low-cost aquaponics system that can be used for training and extension. This system is specifically suitable for small-scale fish hobbyists in water deficient situations and urban/semi urban areas where land is scarce. The small-scale was developed and its efficiency assessed using different fish stocking densities. The small-scale aquaponic system consisted of a rectangular fish culture tank rising to 460 mm from the bottom and a plant bed rising to 270 mm from a raised platform, both units being arranged in a vertical tier. Water overflow from the fish unit was passed through a bio-filter made of shredded plastic material to increase the surface area. These units acted as a nitrification chamber before the water was flowed by gravity into the plant beds. The effluent water from the plant beds was pumped back to the fish tank units using a submersible lift pump for the small-scale system as shown in the appendices. Water discharge from the plant unit flows back to the fish unit by gravity thereby elimination the need for double pumping in the small-scale system. The prototype units were constructed at University of Eldoret and were tested using all male tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry for 42-105 days to the fingerling and juvenile stages.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Profitability of Processed Catfish Marketing in Ilorin Metropolis of Kwara State, Nigeria
    International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume III, Issue IV, April 2019|ISSN 2454-6186 Analysis of Profitability of Processed Catfish Marketing In Ilorin Metropolis of Kwara State, Nigeria Daniel A. Olaleye1, Abdulhameed A. Odeseye2, Emmanuel David3, Edward A. Aregbesola4, Uzoamaka Asogwa5, Stephen A. Adams6 1,3Extension Management Division, Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute, ARMTI, Ilorin, Nigeria. 2Enterprise Development Management Division, Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute, ARMTI, Ilorin, Nigeria. 4Agricultural Finance and Rural Credit Division, Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute, ARMTI, Ilorin, Nigeria. 5Research Division, Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute, ARMTI, Ilorin, Nigeria. 6Learning Resources Division, Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute, ARMTI, Ilorin, Nigeria. Abstract:-Profit is the increase in wealth an investor has from In Kwara State of Nigeria, the major species of cultured fish making investment, taking into consideration all costs associated include tilapia, catfish and carp while the most widely valued with the investment. This study examined the profitability of and accepted according to [3] are the African catfish species marketing processed catfish in Ilorin metropolis of Kwara (Clariasgariepinus or lazera). The acceptance of the Clarias State.Employing three-stage sampling method, purposive Spp. (C. lazera or gariepinus) is due to its lack of scale, sampling technique was used to select processed catfish marketers in the study area to have 132 catfish marketers which omnivorous feeding habit and palatability. Catfish are usually represents 72.53% of the total registered population. Through not stocked alone but along with tilapia which provides food intensive field survey, data were collected and analysed using for it.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Seafood Campaign
    Sustainable Seafood Campaign Overfishing and destructive fishing are among the most significant threats facing our oceans. The UN reports that three-quarters of global fish stocks are either fully exploited or overexploited. Scientists estimate that 90% of top marine predators such as tuna and sharks are already gone. Pirate fishing, estimated to account for up to a third of the global catch, is notorious for targeting at-risk populations and using highly destructive methods. Destructive fishing indiscriminately kills “non-target” species, including marine mammals and seabirds, and destroys habitats that marine species depend on for survival. In addition to the direct and cascading effects on marine ecosystems, overfishing and destructive fishing make our ocean ecosystems more vulnerable to global warming. If current trends continue, scientists predict global fisheries will collapse in forty years. U.S. consumers buy half their seafood at supermarkets, to the tune of $16 billion every year. As consumer interest in sustainable products has grown, so have retailer efforts to promote their eco-friendly initiatives. Yet, few supermarkets have made significant efforts to improve their seafood sustainability. Greenpeace is calling on supermarkets to sell only sustainable seafood and to support positive reforms in fisheries management. By doing so, supermarkets will do their part to help avert the crisis facing our oceans while ensuring their customers quality fish from sustainable fisheries for years to come. Supermarkets have enormous purchasing power, and are well positioned to influence the way the fishing industry operates. What You Can Do! Greenpeace needs your help monitoring supermarket seafood policies and practices. The information you gather will be used to update our supermarket scorecard.
    [Show full text]
  • Participation of Stakeholders in Aquaculture Value Chain of The
    Creative Commons User License: CC BY-NC-ND Journal of Agricultural Extension Abstracted by: EBSCOhost, Electronic Journals Service (EJS), Vol. 24 (4) October, 2020 Google Scholar, Journal Seek, Scientific Commons, ISSN(e): 24086851; ISSN(Print); 1119944X Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), CABI and Scopus http://journal.aesonnigeria.org http://www.ajol.info/index.php/jae http://eoi.citefactor.org/10.11226/v24i4 Email: [email protected] Participation of Stakeholders in Aquaculture Value Chain of the West African Agricultural Productivity Programme in Nigeria https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i4.5 Omeje, Julus E. Division of Socio-economics and Extension, National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research, P.M.B. 6006, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria Email: [email protected] Phone: +2348129218022 Achike, Anthonia I. Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Email: [email protected] Phone: +2348034234147 Arene, Chukwuemeka J. Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Email: [email protected] Phone: +2348037553163 Ifejika, Philip I. Socio-Economics and Extension Services Division, National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research, P.M.B. 6006, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria Email: [email protected] Phone: +2347089523717 Ifejika, L. I. Department of Home and Rural Economics, Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, New Bussa, Niger State. Email. [email protected] Phone: +2348051488226 Abstract The study assessed stakeholder participation in the West African Agricultural Productivity Programme in aquaculture value chain of the Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria. A two stage sampling procedure was used to select 294 value chain actors across 20 communities. Also, Pie charts, logistic regression analysis, 3 point Likert-type scale rating technique and strategic decision matrix were used to analyse primary data.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Sustainable Fishery: the Price-Cap Approach
    Towards a Sustainable Fishery: The Price-Cap Approach Eric M. Singer* Overfishing is the classic tragedy of the commons. So far, governments have pursued a variety of solutions to incentivize sustainable commercial fishing practices, realizing only mixed results. After describing the costs associated with implementing overfishing controls, I propose a new method of regulating commercial fishing: the price cap. This Article explains the theory of how price caps can incentivize sustainable fishing, analyzes the implementation costs associated with price caps, and compares price caps to existing overfishing regulations. Because each fishery is unique, no single method will produce the greatest benefit at the lowest cost in all fisheries. Accordingly, I analyze the factors that might make a fishery a better or worse candidate for the implementation of price caps. I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 254 II. COSTS OF REGULATION .................................................................... 260 A. Transaction Costs ............................................................. 261 B. Enforcement Costs ............................................................ 263 C. Political Costs ................................................................... 265 D. International Cooperation ................................................. 266 E. Substitution Costs ............................................................. 267 F. Skill-Misallocation Costs ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Models for an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries
    ISSN 0429-9345 FAO FISHERIES 477 TECHNICAL PAPER 477 Models for an ecosystem approach to fisheries Models for an ecosystem approach to fisheries This report reviews the methods available for assessing the impacts of interactions between species and fisheries and their implications for marine fisheries management. A brief description of the various modelling approaches currently in existence is provided, highlighting in particular features of these models that have general relevance to the field of ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). The report concentrates on the currently available models representative of general types such as bionergetic models, predator-prey models and minimally realistic models. Short descriptions are given of model parameters, assumptions and data requirements. Some of the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of each of the approaches in addressing questions pertaining to EAF are discussed. The report concludes with some recommendations for moving forward in the development of multispecies and ecosystem models and for the prudent use of the currently available models as tools for provision of scientific information on fisheries in an ecosystem context. FAO Cover: Illustration by Elda Longo FAO FISHERIES Models for an ecosystem TECHNICAL PAPER approach to fisheries 477 by Éva E. Plagányi University of Cape Town South Africa FOOD AND AGRICULTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2007 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • A Ban on Bluefin Just Might
    Published on The New Republic (http://www.tnr.com) Bradford Plumer March 4, 2010 | 1:50 pm For some time now, it's seemed likely that the Atlantic bluefin tuna would go extinct in the next few years. The popular sushi staple has been drastically overfished, its stocks have collapsed, and recent attempts to set global quotas on annual catches were half-hearted and inadequate. It's been a bleak scene all around. But now marine biologist Carl Safina brings word that there's one last attempt to save the tuna—a ban on international trade. And here's why it just might work: Because bluefin tuna fishing worldwide is driven by prices paid in Japan, where individual fish have sold wholesale for up to $175,000, every population is depleted. … Even if international trade is banned, bluefin tuna could still be caught and sold within any given country. But the fish are now sufficiently scarce that without Japan’s prices, many boats would turn unprofitable and give up. The fish could recover, and a more sustainable fishery develop. The United States has supported a ban, while Japan isn't too keen on the idea. Which means a lot will depend on whether the EU countries vote as a bloc and decide to support the ban. (They've been noncommittal so far.) It's sort of remarkable: A few decades ago, the idea that any of these countries could support a ban would have been unthinkable—there's just too much money at stake for the fishing industry, and the lobbying pressure can be intense.
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthening Government Regulation to Save Marine Fisheries Nicola Kieves
    University of Minnesota Law School Scholarship Repository Minnesota Law Review 2005 Crisis at Sea: Strengthening Government Regulation to Save Marine Fisheries Nicola Kieves Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Kieves, Nicola, "Crisis at Sea: Strengthening Government Regulation to Save Marine Fisheries" (2005). Minnesota Law Review. 699. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mlr/699 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Minnesota Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Minnesota Law Review collection by an authorized administrator of the Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Note Crisis at Sea: Strengthening Government Regulation To Save Marine Fisheries Nicola Kieves * Around the world the health of marine fisheries continues to deteriorate.' In American waters, overfishing occurs in more than half of all fisheries. 2 Because they are an open-access re- source "owned by all and owned by none," 3 in the absence of some restrictions, fisheries are likely to be harvested until deci- mated. 4 Countries continue to close their most profitable fisher- ies,5 threatening society's health and economic welfare. 6 Socially, overfishing leads to longer working hours, lower wages, and increased rates of unemployment for fishermen. 7 * J.D. Candidate 2006, University of Minnesota Law School; B.A. 2002, Middlebury College. Thank you to Jana Bruder and Ryan Stai for their com- ments and encouragement throughout the editorial process and to Professor Jim Chen for his advice and guidance. This Article is dedicated to my family for their unwavering support these past months and all my life.
    [Show full text]