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Participation of Stakeholders in Aquaculture Value Chain of The Creative Commons User License: CC BY-NC-ND Journal of Agricultural Extension Abstracted by: EBSCOhost, Electronic Journals Service (EJS), Vol. 24 (4) October, 2020 Google Scholar, Journal Seek, Scientific Commons, ISSN(e): 24086851; ISSN(Print); 1119944X Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), CABI and Scopus http://journal.aesonnigeria.org http://www.ajol.info/index.php/jae http://eoi.citefactor.org/10.11226/v24i4 Email: [email protected] Participation of Stakeholders in Aquaculture Value Chain of the West African Agricultural Productivity Programme in Nigeria https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i4.5 Omeje, Julus E. Division of Socio-economics and Extension, National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research, P.M.B. 6006, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria Email: [email protected] Phone: +2348129218022 Achike, Anthonia I. Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Email: [email protected] Phone: +2348034234147 Arene, Chukwuemeka J. Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Email: [email protected] Phone: +2348037553163 Ifejika, Philip I. Socio-Economics and Extension Services Division, National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research, P.M.B. 6006, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria Email: [email protected] Phone: +2347089523717 Ifejika, L. I. Department of Home and Rural Economics, Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, New Bussa, Niger State. Email. [email protected] Phone: +2348051488226 Abstract The study assessed stakeholder participation in the West African Agricultural Productivity Programme in aquaculture value chain of the Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria. A two stage sampling procedure was used to select 294 value chain actors across 20 communities. Also, Pie charts, logistic regression analysis, 3 point Likert-type scale rating technique and strategic decision matrix were used to analyse primary data. The determinants of participation in the programme were marital status, extension visits, membership of an association and experience. Furthermore, there were moderate financial requirements (need for loan and equipment) in feed milling ( =2.23), fish processing ( =2.30) and wholesale marketing ( ==2.2), while the financial requirement in table-size fish farming was high ( =2.59). There were moderate development potentials (impacts on income, employment, poverty reduction and food security) in feed milling ( =2.33), fish processing 39 Creative Commons User License: CC BY-NC-ND Journal of Agricultural Extension Abstracted by: EBSCOhost, Electronic Journals Service (EJS), Vol. 24 (4) October, 2020 Google Scholar, Journal Seek, Scientific Commons, ISSN(e): 24086851; ISSN(Print); 1119944X Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), CABI and Scopus http://journal.aesonnigeria.org http://www.ajol.info/index.php/jae http://eoi.citefactor.org/10.11226/v24i4 Email: [email protected] ( =2.32) and wholesale marketing ( =1.99), while the development potential of table-size fish farming was high ( =2.55). Future interventions in the value chain should make necessary provisions for the financial needs of each value chain with the adoption of backward- forward integration of women and youths in the value chain. Keywords: WAAPP, aquaculture, feed milling, fish processing, wholesale marketing Introduction Mainstreaming both sexes (male and female) is a topical issue in global domain due to the exclusion of vulnerable groups (mostly women and youths) in development process particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. According to the Food and Agricultural Organization [FAO] (2017), gender mainstreaming is the process of assessing the implications for men and women of any planned action such as legislation, policies or programmes and projects at all levels. It is an analytical tool for programme officers to achieve results by considering the needs of women, girls, boys, youths and men in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of programmes (Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency [SIDA], 2015). Therefore, gender mainstreaming looks at the human implication of any activity, by highlighting the inequalities and power differences existing between men and women and how these differences impact to policies relating to men and women. According to Brugere and Williams (2017), sex-disaggregated data that could be used to track women in aquaculture are inadequate and therefore, making the presence, influence and interests of women in aquaculture invisible. They further stated that sex-disaggregated data collection should be mandated in all areas because gender-blindness limits the entrepreneurial opportunities and job protection of women. The above observation informed the inclusion of gender in the design and implementation of the West Africa Agricultural Productivity Programme (WAAPP). The strategy of gender mainstreaming in the programme was aimed at inclusion of vulnerable groups (women and youths), achievement of gender equality, equity and empowerment of men, women and youths in the 13 participating countries in the ECOWAS sub-region (WAAPP-Nigeria, 2016). Gender equality is also said to be instrumental to rapid development while gender inequality hinders economic growth and induces poverty. This implies that when women and men have equal access to education, health care, access to resources and employment; the economies of societies grow faster with significant improvement in the welfare of women and children. WAAPP was initiated in 2008 and coordinated by West and Central African Council for Research and Development (CORAF/WECARD) (Stads and Beintema, 2017). It was designed as a tool for increasing productivity in agriculture; a key agricultural policy objective both for ECOWAS and under Pillar IV of CAADP (Stads and Beintema, 2017). WAAPP-Nigeria’s mandate under component 2 is to become the center of specialization in aquaculture (Catfish and Tilapia) (Wiebe, Stads, 40 Creative Commons User License: CC BY-NC-ND Journal of Agricultural Extension Abstracted by: EBSCOhost, Electronic Journals Service (EJS), Vol. 24 (4) October, 2020 Google Scholar, Journal Seek, Scientific Commons, ISSN(e): 24086851; ISSN(Print); 1119944X Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), CABI and Scopus http://journal.aesonnigeria.org http://www.ajol.info/index.php/jae http://eoi.citefactor.org/10.11226/v24i4 Email: [email protected] Beintema, Brooks, Cenacchi, Dunston, Mason-D’Croz, Sulser and Thomas, 2017). In the light of this, research institutes such as the Nigerian Institute of Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR), National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research (NIFFR) and the Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute (NSPRI) were selected as the National Centres of Specializations (NCoS), by reason of their various national research mandates (WAAPP-Nigeria, 2015). WAAPP Nigeria, which applied the concept of Adopted Villages, witnessed massive increase in the number of beneficiaries. Based on reports by WAAPP-Nigeria (2016), the project surpassed its initial target of 1.5 million beneficiaries to over two million beneficiaries with more than 700,000 thousand being women. Furthermore, the WAAPP project activities under WAAPP- assisted Value Chain Innovation Platforms (VCIPs) in twenty-four states across Nigeria had about 400, 000 women beneficiaries constituting about 39 % of which 221, 360 women benefited in Aquaculture in 14 states of the federation. The strategy of gender inclusion by WAAPP in the aquaculture value chain is worth investigating especially when existing literature on aquaculture value chain suggests unequal gender relations in the value chain. Existing power differences in the social and economic context means that women are disadvantaged in access and use of production resources (Paul and Meena, 2016); hence, men tend to dominate value chain functions with high level of capital requirement such as fish farming and feed milling (Nwabeze, Ibeun, Faleke, Omeje, Belonwu, Igene, Ogbonna, Nwanjoku, and Ighoro, 2017; Farm Africa, 2016) while the women occupy nodes such as processing and marketing (Olaoye, Adegbite, Oluwalana, Ashley-Dejo, Adelaja, and Fagbohun, 2015). This makes the activities and benefits unequally distributed along the value chain among men, women and youths. Also, there is need to formulate an appropriate set of strategies for future interventions in the value chain. This is because the aquaculture value chain has differing financial components; in some value chains, the processing segment requires more funding, in others, it is the primary production or the transportation and collection segment which needs more finance, and hence, providing financial resources based on their financial requirements/needs may be an efficient strategy to bring about development. It is against this background that the study; i. assessed stake holder participation in WAAPP finance strategy in aquaculture value chain; ii. evaluated the determinants of participation in the programme; iii. identified the perceptions of respondents on the financial needs and development potentials of the aquaculture value chain; and iv. described the financial intervention strategies to be used in aquaculture value chain. Methodology The study was conducted in Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria. The area is located between Latitudes 90 50’ and 1055’ North and Longitudes 40 23’ and 4051’ East. The lake is 41 Creative Commons User License: CC BY-NC-ND Journal of Agricultural Extension Abstracted by: EBSCOhost,
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